The Crusades and the

Wider World

Section 8-3 pp. 255-260

Preview Questions

• What advanced civilizations flourished around the world in 1050?

• What were the causes and effects of the Crusades?

• How did Christians in Spain carry out the Reconquista?

The World in 1050

• The world outside of Europe is thriving

• The Seljuk Turks begin their invasion of the Byzantine Empire, capturing it in 1071 – Holy Land under Muslim control – Muslims attack Christian pilgrims

The Crusades

• Pope Urban II issues a call for Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control

• Motives: – Religious zeal – Wealth and land – Adventure

The Crusades

• Victories and Defeats: – First Crusade (1099) • Christians capture Jerusalem and massacre Muslims

and Jews• Crusaders divide land into 4 small states

– Second Crusade (1187)• Muslims recapture Jerusalem

The Crusades

• Victory and Defeat– Third Crusade • Muslims, led by Saladin,

retain control of Jerusalem • Jerusalem was open to

Christians – Fourth Crusade • Christians fight Byzantine

merchants • Traders capture and loot

Constantinople in 1204

Effects of Crusades on Europe • Economic Expansion

– New goods introduced to Europe – Increased trade with Middle East – Strengthening of the money

economy

• Increased Power for Monarchs – Rulers have increased power to

collect taxes for Crusades – Some rulers fight in Crusades,

increasing their prestige King Richard I of England, who led the Third Crusade

Effects of the Crusades on Europe• The Church

– Papacy reaches all-time height of power

– No reconciliation between Eastern and Western Churches

• A Wider Worldview – Europeans curious about new

lands – Marco Polo travels to China – New desire for exploration Map of Marco Polo’s Journey

The Reconquista in Spain

• Reconquista: Spanish attempt to drive Muslims from Spain.

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Leading Reconquistadors

The Reconquista in Spain

• Ferdinand and Isabella – Determined to bring

political and religious unity to Spain

– End religious toleration – Use Inquisition to launch

crusade against Muslims and Jews

Christian Reconquistadors Fight Muslims in Spain.