The Crusades

Why did the Crusades occur?

How did the Crusades affect the world?

Background

1050s CE = Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine Empire

Within 40 years, the Seljuks control parts of the Byzantine Empire, including Palestine

1095CE = Byzantine Emperor asks Pope Urban II for help

Holy Land

Palestine is Holy Land to Muslims and Jews

Christians also regard Palestine as Holy Land Jesus lived and

taught in Palestine Map of Jerusalem

Council of Clermont

At Clermont, Pope Urban II tells German & French Bishops to recover Palestine

Christians who answered the Pope’s calling were called crusaders

When were the Crusades?

1095-1291CE: 200 years of religious wars

1099CE = The 1st Crusade Christians capture Jerusalem

Late 1100s = The 3rd Crusade Christians surrender Jerusalem

1291 = The 4th Crusade Muslims are victorious

Key Causes

Pope believes the Crusades will increase his power in Europe

Christians believe they will be forgiven for their sins if they fight for the cause

Nobles hope to gain land & $$ by participating in the wars

Travel & excitement Serfs want to escape feudal oppression

Key People

Saladin Respected leader

who united the Muslim world in late 1100s

Defeated Christians in Jerusalem

Did not allow his men to kill, hurt, or rob the Crusaders

Key People

Richard the Lion-Hearted King of England in

1189 Determined to

defeat Saladin Many victories, but

could never capture Jerusalem

Pope Urban II

Impact

Religious hatred Violence and massacres of Jews, Christians,

and Muslims Increase in trade

Returning Crusaders brought new spices, perfumes, and fabrics to Europe

Popes and feudal kings grow more powerful Leaders are commonly viewed as prestigious

Impact

Feudalism weakened; serfs begin paying rent instead of paying with food and labor Money-based economy arises

European interest in travel increases Cultural diffusion & learning

Euro introduced to Byzantine & Muslim educational advancements

Organize the Effects of the Crusades

:) :) :) Trade increases- Feudalism

weakens Popes & Kings

grow more powerful Cultural diffusion learning

:( :( :( Religious hatred Feudalism

weakens-gov’t weakening

Popes & Kings – more power

E-Tix

1) What were the crusades? 2) Who fought in the crusades? 3) Describe one cause and one effect

of the crusades.