the contemporary seabed mining regime: a critical analysis of the mining regulations promulgated by...
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 The Contemporary Seabed Mining Regime: A Critical Analysis of the Mining Regulations Promulgated by the Intern
1/50
2 f` 3 CFH[OKISX
Hf|uqegms -h% 1
-
8/8/2019 The Contemporary Seabed Mining Regime: A Critical Analysis of the Mining Regulations Promulgated by the Intern
2/50
E) Eisqfc{hsefi
Smk fhkbix wkqk nfig x{adkhs sf smk `qkkcfo f` smk megm xkbx cfhsqeik. wmehm ex b xkpkiskkism hkis{qu |qeihe|nk smbs b
ibsefi'x xfpkqkegi qegmsx k}skic finu sf b ibqqfw akns x{qqf{iceig b ibsefi'x Z$1=_ hfbxsneik) i1 Smk qkobeickq f` smk
xkbx akufic smex ibqqfw akns wbx |qfhnbeokc sf ak `qkk. aknfigeig sf if |bqsu) i8 Bnsmf{gm smex pekw x{qpepkc eisf smk
swkiseksm hkis{qu. smk eihqkbxeig |qkxkihk f` obqeseok |fwkqx fi smk megm xkbx. ck|nksefi f` `exm xsfhjx. bic smk kpkq
gqfweig okibhk f` |fnn{sefi smqkbskikc sf sqbix`fqo smk fhkbix eisf bi bqkb f` eixsbaenesu. hfi`nehs. bic kipeqfiokisbn
ckgqbcbsefi) i3 Wmki fik hfixeckqx smbs smk fhkbix hfpkq ikbqnu smqkk/r{bqskqx f` smk kbqsm'x x{q`bhk. hfo|qexk
ieik/skismx f` esx wbskq qkxf{qhkx. bic bqk mfok sf ieiksu/xkpki |kqhkis f` bnn ne`k `fqox. smkqk ex if r{kxsefi smbs smex
xsbsk f` b``beqx wbx {ibhhk|sbank) Smk gnfabn hfoo{iesu mbc sf bixwkq smk hbnn `fq bhsefi bic hqkbsk b qkgeok `fq fhkbi
gfpkqibihk) i;
Ei 25=1. smk [ieskc Ibsefix -[I% qkx|fickc sf smk hbnn `fq bi fhkbi gfpkqibihk qkgeok wmki es kibhskc smk [ieskc
Ibsefix Hfipkisefi fi smk Nbw f` smk Xkb -[IHNFX%. b sqkbsu smbs qk|qkxkisx b hfo|qkmkixepk gnfabn b||qfbhm sf
obibgeig fhkbi |qfankox bic qkxf{qhk qegmsx ei b !hfixses{sefi `fq smk fhkbix)! i0 [IHNFX ex abxkc {|fi smk hbqceibn
ifsefi smbs fhkbi |qfankox bqk hnfxknu eiskqqknbskc bic o{xs ak bccqkxxkc wesm b |bif|seh pekw) i7 Smk xhf|k f`
[IHNFX ex pbxs. hfpkqeig obiu sf|ehx x{hm bx ibpegbsefi bic fpkq`negms. nepeig bic ifi/nepeig qkxf{qhk/{xk. obqeik
kipeqfiokisbn |qfskhsefi. bic gkikqbn hfihk|sx f` nbw bic fqckq) i= Bqg{banu. smex |kqx|khsepk ex smk jku sf smk x{hhkxxf` [IHNFX / xsbskx b||qfbhmkc bic ikgfsebskc smk sqkbsu bx b wmfnk. qbsmkq smbi ko|nfueig b |ekhkokbn sqkbsu/objeig
|qfhkxx) i5 Smk Z$15_ kic |qfc{hs ex bi bnn/eihn{xepk bic k}hkkceignu x{hhkxx`{n bgqkkokis smbs peqs{bnnu bnn hf{isqekx
bcmkqk sf ei |qbhsehk. kpki smfxk ibsefix smbs bqk ifs uks |bqsekx) i2< F` hf{qxk. smk x{hhkxx f` [IHNFX cfkx ifs eo|nu
smbs smk qfbc sf bi bgqkkokis wbx kbxu) i22 Ei `bhs. [IHNFX hfix{okc b x{axsbisebn |kqefc f` qkhkis mexsfqu |qefq sf esx
hfihn{xefi. k}skiceig fpkq swf ckhbckx bic smqkk gnfabn hfi`kqkihkx) i21
Smk |{q|fxk f` smex bqsehnk ex sf f``kq bi k}|nehbsefi bic hqesehbn bxxkxxokis f` smk hfisko|fqbqu xkbakc oeieig
hfck. wmehm xkqpkx sf okks xkbakc oeieig gfpkqibihk qkr{eqkokisx {ickq [IHNFX) i28 Bnsmf{gm smk xkbakc oeieig
hfck oegms b||kbq sf ak b ifickxhqe|s sf|eh `fq xhmfnbqnu eir{equ. smk eo|fqsbihk f` xkbakc oeieig qkg{nbsefix hbiifs
ak {ickqkxseobskc / qkg{nbsefix bqk hqesehbn sf k``khsepknu obibgk obqeik oeikqbn k}sqbhsefi. bx wknn bx sf |qfskhs bic
|qkxkqpk smk fhkbieh kipeqfiokis) Ei fqckq sf |qf|kqnu gqbx| smk xegie`ehbihk f` smk xkbakc oeieig hfck bic esx qfnk
{ickq [IHNFX. b mexsfqehbn qkpekw f` smk sqkbsu/objeig |qfhkxx wenn akmffpk smk {iei`fqokc xhmfnbq bx wknn bx smfxk
f` {x wmf hbiifs qkhf{is smk sqkbsu'x mexsfqu) Smkqk`fqk. smex bqsehnk wenn |qkxkis b hfihexk mexsfqu f` [IHNFX bic
ko|mbxetk smk xkbakc oeieig bx|khsx f` smk sqkbsu ak`fqk eisqfc{heig smk qfnk. xsq{hs{qk. bic `{ihsefieig f` smk
Eiskqibsefibn Xkbakc B{smfqesu -EXB% i23 / bnxf qk`kqqkc sf bx smk !B{smfqesu! i2; / wmehm ex smk fqgbietbsefi kxsbanexmkc
au [IHNFX sf fqgbietk bic hfisqfn xkbakc oeieig bhsepesekx ei smk !Bqkb.! b skqo [IHNFX ck`eikx bx !smk xkbakc bic
fhkbi `nffq bic x{axfen Z$8
-
8/8/2019 The Contemporary Seabed Mining Regime: A Critical Analysis of the Mining Regulations Promulgated by the Intern
3/50
qkxf{qhkx) @fq k}bo|nk. ei 2=78. smk xme| M)O)X) Hmbnnkigkq. wmenk fi bi fhkbifgqb|meh k}|kcesefi. qkhfqckc smbs
|fnuoksbnneh ifc{nkx hfo|qexkc f` obigbikxk. hf||kq. iehjkn. bic hfabns nesskqkc smk fhkbi `nffq) i25 Ikpkqsmknkxx. smk
Z$82_ aknek` smbs smkxk oeikqbnx hf{nc ak qksqekpkc khfifoehbnnu nbu cfqobis {isen b`skq smk Xkhfic Wfqnc Wbq. wmki
xhekise`eh cexhfpkqu bic skhmifnfgu kiskqkc b |mbxk f` qb|ec bcpbihkokis) i1< Bx skhmifnfgehbn eiifpbsefi meiskc smbs
xkbakc oeieig hf{nc xffi ak khfifoehbnnu pebank. bi eihqkbxeig gnfabn |f|{nbsefi smqkbskikc `exm xsfhjx. eic{xsqu bic
ifi/eic{xsqu xf{qhkx |qfgqkxxepknu `f{nkc smk fhkbix. bic xsbskx akgbi sf r{bqqkn fpkq obqeik qkxf{qhk fwikqxme|) i12
Ei xmfqs. hfihkqskc gnfabn bhsefi wbx qkr{eqkc sf r{knn smkxk bic fsmkq fhkbi/qknbskc ce``eh{nsekx)
Smk [I qkx|fickc bic hfipkikc smk `eqxs f` smqkk hfi`kqkihkx fi smk Nbw f` smk Xkb ei Gkikpb ei 25;=) i11 Smex
hfi`kqkihk. HNFX E. wbx bsskickc au kegmsu/xe} xsbskx. bic |qfc{hkc `f{q hfipkisefix4 smk Hfipkisefi fi smk
Skqqesfqebn Xkb bic smk Hfiseg{f{x Tfik: smk Hfipkisefi fi smk Megm Xkbx: smk Hfipkisefi fi smk Hfiseikisbn Xmkn`:
bic smk Hfipkisefi fi @exmeig bic Hfixkqpbsefi f` Nepeig Qkxf{qhkx f` smk Megm Xkbx) i18 Mfwkpkq. HNFX E cec ifs
hfok sf bi bgqkkokis fi smk aqkbcsm f` smk skqqesfqebn xkb) i13 Ei 250
-
8/8/2019 The Contemporary Seabed Mining Regime: A Critical Analysis of the Mining Regulations Promulgated by the Intern
4/50
akhb{xk es |qfpeckx xsbank bic |qkcehsbank q{nkx `fq fhkbi {xkx) i38
B) Smk Eiskqibsefibn Xkbakc B{smfqesu
[IHNFX \bqs ]E / bx ofce`ekc au smk 2553 Bgqkkokis / x|knnx f{s smk xsq{hs{qk bic `{ihsefieig f` smk Eiskqibsefibn
Xkbakc B{smfqesu -EXB%) i33 Smkqk bqk smqkk |qeihe|bn fqgbix f` smk EXB4 smk Bxxkoanu: smk Hf{ihen: bic smk Xkhqksbqebs)
i3; Smk Bxxkoanu ex smk x{|qkok afcu f` smk EXB. hfixexsx f` kpkqu EXB okoakq. bic ex qkx|fixeank `fq kxsbanexmeig smk
gkikqbn |fnehekx bic qkg{nbqnu qkpekweig smk wfqj f` smk EXB) i30 Smk Z$8;_ Hf{ihen ex smk k}kh{sepk afcu f` smk EXB
smbs kxsbanexmkx ofqk x|khe`eh |fnehekx. bic b||qfpkx fq ckiekx b||nehbsefix `fq oeieig k}|nfqbsefi bic k}|nfesbsefi) i37
Smk Hf{ihen bnxf fpkqxkkx smk eo|nkokisbsefi f` smk [IHNFX |qfpexefix bic smfxk f` smk 2553 Bgqkkokis. bx wknn bx
smk q{nkx bic qkg{nbsefix |qfo{ngbskc au smk EXB) i3= Smk Hf{ihen'x smeqsu/xe} okoakqx bqk knkhskc sf `f{q/ukbq skqox
bic kbhm okoakq qk|qkxkisx x|khe`ekc gkfgqb|meh anfhx bic gqf{|x wesm khfifoeh eiskqkxsx eo|bhskc au xkbakc oeieig)
i35 Smk Xkhqksbqebs ex hfo|fxkc f` xsb`` okoakqx smbs fpkqxkk EXB'x cbu/sf/cbu bhsepesekx. eihn{ceig
ei`fqobsefi/gbsmkqeig. ofiesfqeig. qkxkbqhm. bic hfisqbhs obeiskibihk wesm k}skqibn gfpkqiokisbn bic
ifi/gfpkqiokisbn fqgbietbsefix) i;