The Cold WarThe Cold War

What was the “Cold” War?What was the “Cold” War?

Intense political rivalry and mistrust Intense political rivalry and mistrust between the U.S. and the Soviet between the U.S. and the Soviet UnionUnion

No physical fighting between the 2 No physical fighting between the 2 countriescountries

Various “satellite” wars (Korea, Various “satellite” wars (Korea, Vietnam) as the U.S. instituted its Vietnam) as the U.S. instituted its containment policycontainment policy

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference February 1945: FDR, February 1945: FDR,

Churchill and Stalin Churchill and Stalin planned for division of planned for division of GermanyGermany

Germany divided into four Germany divided into four occupation zonesoccupation zones• East: Soviet UnionEast: Soviet Union• West: France, Britain, West: France, Britain,

and U.S.and U.S.• Berlin, the capital Berlin, the capital

countriescountries

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

June 1948June 1948 Helped European Helped European

nations reconstruct nations reconstruct their citiestheir cities

Provided economic Provided economic aid and vital aid and vital suppliessupplies

Central to policy of Central to policy of containmentcontainment

Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade

June 24, 1948June 24, 1948 Attempt by Joseph Attempt by Joseph

Stalin to stop aid to Stalin to stop aid to BerlinBerlin

U.S. responded with U.S. responded with the Berlin Airlift, the Berlin Airlift, dropping supplies dropping supplies into the city from into the city from planesplanes

Germany officially Germany officially became 2 countries became 2 countries in 1949in 1949

The Containment PolicyThe Containment Policy

American diplomat American diplomat George Kennan George Kennan proposed a foreign proposed a foreign policy of containmentpolicy of containment

The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine expanded the policy expanded the policy of containment by of containment by stating the U.S. would stating the U.S. would send aid to countries send aid to countries wanting democracywanting democracy

McCarthyismMcCarthyism Senator Joseph Senator Joseph

McCarthy led a political McCarthy led a political hunt for communist hunt for communist infiltrators in Americainfiltrators in America

Targeted people in Targeted people in every walk of life, every walk of life, including the military.including the military.

Ruined reputations of Ruined reputations of many people through many people through “blacklisting.”“blacklisting.”

Senate censured Senate censured McCarthy in 1954 for McCarthy in 1954 for unbecoming behavior.unbecoming behavior.

Race for SpaceRace for Space

Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first satellite in Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first satellite in space in 1957space in 1957

America followed with Explorer I in 1958America followed with Explorer I in 1958 Yuri Gagarin in the Soviet Union was the first to orbit Yuri Gagarin in the Soviet Union was the first to orbit

space in 1961space in 1961 John Glenn of the U.S. followed in 1963John Glenn of the U.S. followed in 1963

North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Organization (NATO)

April 1949April 1949 Mutual defense pact Mutual defense pact

against Soviet against Soviet aggressionaggression

Soviet Union and other Soviet Union and other Communist government Communist government in Eastern Europe in Eastern Europe created the Warsaw Pact created the Warsaw Pact (1955)(1955)• Defense alliance against Defense alliance against

Western countriesWestern countries• Divided Europe into Divided Europe into

military camps and Soviet military camps and Soviet satellitessatellites

Original Member NationsOriginal Member Nations

Current Member NationsCurrent Member Nations

The U.S. and the Cold WarThe U.S. and the Cold War

Korean War; U.S. led effort by 20 nations Korean War; U.S. led effort by 20 nations to prevent the takeover of South Korea by to prevent the takeover of South Korea by Communist North Korea (September 1950)Communist North Korea (September 1950)

Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962) forced Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962) forced the Soviets to remove nuclear missiles the Soviets to remove nuclear missiles from Cubafrom Cuba

Vietnam War: U.S. became involved to Vietnam War: U.S. became involved to stop communist North Vietnam from stop communist North Vietnam from taking over South Vietnam.taking over South Vietnam.