The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc

Nations[“Iron

Curtain”]

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]

METHODOLOGIES:

1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

The Division of Berlin

Future Solution: Berlin Wall

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szjFKADu69U

The Bipolarization of Europe

George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT

Goals Means Actual Application1.Restoration

of the balance of power

2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.

Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.

Exploitation of tensions in international communism.

Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]

Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]

3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.

Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.

Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT

Goals Means Actual Application

National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

Ideological Competition

• What does this mean?• Brainwashing to a certain extent.• Massive support for patriotism, nationalism

and typical “American activities”.• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWeZ5S

KXvj8

Timeline Analysis

• Complete the following handout and corresponding questions.

• Proceed to define the subsequent list of terms.

• Due at the end of class.

Origins of the Korean WarCivil War In Korea

• Korea, pre-1950.Korea, pre-1950.–Annexed by Japan Annexed by Japan

in 1910in 1910, was ruled , was ruled by Japan until by Japan until 19451945..

–Soviets would Soviets would invade, stay at the invade, stay at the 3838thth parallel parallel..Korea, 1945

http://www.person

al.psu.edu/jyk505

2/assign6.html

Origins of the Korean WarCivil War In Korea

• June 1950June 1950, civil war , civil war erupts in Korea.erupts in Korea.–Northern Korea Northern Korea

overrun by Communist overrun by Communist forces stationed in forces stationed in China.China.–Begins to threaten the Begins to threaten the

more populace more populace southern Korea.southern Korea.

Kim Il Sung

http://www.his

tory.com/ima

ges/media/slid

eshow/korean

-war/kim-il-

sung-speaks-

at-mass-rally.

jpg

Korean War

[1950-1953]

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

Video-Newsreel

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OF_Ts_6oSi8

MacArthur & Truman ClashMacArthur Disagrees With The JCS

• Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin, Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin, Republican minority leader.Republican minority leader.– Says that an offensive was needed to Says that an offensive was needed to ensure the defeat of ensure the defeat of

communismcommunism in Asia. in Asia.• ““There is no substitute for victory.There is no substitute for victory.””

• Was a direct challenge to Was a direct challenge to TrumanTruman’’ss foreign policy. foreign policy.– The The ““containment policycontainment policy”” and and ““limited warlimited war”” was not working. was not working.

• Truman faces the challenge.Truman faces the challenge.– Warns MacArthur about making public statements that suggests Warns MacArthur about making public statements that suggests

criticism of official U.S. policy.criticism of official U.S. policy.

– As Commander-in-Chief, Truman was the boss and MacArthur the As Commander-in-Chief, Truman was the boss and MacArthur the worker.worker.

MacArthur & Truman ClashMacArthur's Dismissal

• MacArthur would be MacArthur would be dismissed from his command.dismissed from his command.– Returns home to the states as a Returns home to the states as a

hero.hero.– Most Americans see wisdom in Most Americans see wisdom in

his words.his words.– Truman and the Democrats Truman and the Democrats

would be viewed as would be viewed as ““appeaserappeaserss”” for not trying to destroy for not trying to destroy communism in Asia when we communism in Asia when we had a chance.had a chance.

MacArthur’s Dismissal:

“Old Soldiers Never Die …They Just Fade Away.”

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/

Douglas_MacArthur_speaking_at_Soldier_Field_HD-SN-99-03036.JPEG

MacArthur & Truman ClashMacArthur Disagrees

MacArthur & Truman Meethttp://xbradtc.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/macandtruman1.jpg

MacArthur & Truman ClashArmistice

• Stalemate just Stalemate just north of north of the 38the 38thth parallel parallel..

• Peace talks begin at Peace talks begin at Panmunjon in July 1951Panmunjon in July 1951..– Originally proposed by Originally proposed by

the the Soviet UnionSoviet Union who did who did not want to see its rival not want to see its rival China gain more power China gain more power in Asia or the United in Asia or the United States to have a win.States to have a win.

Peace Talks At Panmunjon

http://www.tourdmz.c

om/english/images/05

koreawar/simg3-1.jpg

MacArthur & Truman ClashResults For The United States

• Korea stays divided into Korea stays divided into the 21the 21stst century century..– Both sides would Both sides would brutally brutally

suppress political suppress political oppositionopposition at home. at home.

– Rigid control over the Rigid control over the lives and liberties of the lives and liberties of the peoplepeople in both the North in both the North and South.and South.• Actual loss for true Actual loss for true

democratic principles.democratic principles.

The 38th Parallelhttp://www.bubblews.com/assets/images/news/98019060_1379895351.jpg

PS Analysis

• Read the following documents and answer the corresponding questions.

• Due at the end of class.