The Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) Campaign

Adam VarblePacific Northwest National Laboratory

June 26, 20202020 ARM/ASR Joint User Facility and PI Meeting

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Facilities: DOE ARM AMF-1 (> 50 instruments), C-SAPR2 radar, G-1 aircraft (IOP, ~40 in situ instruments), and supplemental sites

Primary Goal: Quantify the sensitivity of convective cloud system evolution to environmental conditions for the purposes of evaluating and improving model parameterizations

Broad Overview of CACTI

Courtesy NASA

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Precipitation Formation

Ice Formation

Cumulus Cloud Field Mesoscale Organization

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Siting

WV-DIAL

Figure courtesy of Steve Nesbitt

Photo by Jason Tomlinson

46 km between sounding sites

AMF1, CSAPR21141 m

Sounding Site 2560 m

Met Stations1923, 2656 m

Stereo Cameras

Photo by Jason Tomlinson 3

Operational C-band radar and

radiosondes

RELAMPAGO Assets

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Property InstrumentHydrometeor radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity and spectra, cloud/precipitation kinematic and microphysical retrievals

C-band Scanning ARM Precipitation RadarKa/X-band Scanning ARM Cloud RadarKa-band ARM Cloud RadarRadar wind profiler

Heights of cloud bases and tops, cloud sizes and vertical velocities

ARM Cloud Digital Cameras

Cloud base height CeilometerCloud scene/fraction Total Sky ImagerRaindrop size distribution, fall speeds, rainfall

Laser disdrometer2D video disdrometerTipping bucket rain gaugeWeighing bucket rain gaugeOptical rain gaugePresent Weather Detector

Liquid water path, precipitable water

2-Channel Microwave RadiometerHigh-Frequency Microwave Radiometer

Surface pressure, temperature, humidity, winds, visibility

Surface meteorological instrumentation (x4)

Vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, winds

Balloon-borne sounding system (x2)Radar wind profilerMicrowave radiometers

Boundary layer winds and turbulence

Doppler lidarSodar

Surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, CO2 flux, turbulence, soil moisture, energy balance

Eddy Correlation flux measurement systemSurface Energy Balance System

Plots courtesy of Joseph Hardin and Nitin Bharadwaj

Doppler Velocity

Ground Measurements

X-band Reflectivity

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Ground Measurements

Property InstrumentUpwelling and downwelling radiation

Surface Energy Balance SystemInfrared thermometer – ground and skyAtmospheric Emitted Radiation InterferometerSky radiation radiometersGround radiation radiometersHemispheric Shortwave Array SpectroradiometerZenith Shortwave Array SpectroradiometerMultifilter radiometerMultifilter Rotating Shadowband RadiometerCimel Sun Photometer

Aerosol backscatter profile Micropulse lidarDoppler lidarCeilometer

Aerosol optical depth Cimel Sun photometerMultifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer

CCN concentration Dual Column Cloud Condensation Nuclei counterCN concentration Condensation Particle CountersINP concentration Filters processed in CSU ice spectrometerAerosol chemical composition Aerosol Chemistry Speciation MonitorBlack carbon Single Particle Soot PhotometerAerosol extinction Ambient and variable humidity nephelometersAerosol absorption Particle Soot Absorption PhotometerAerosol particle size distribution Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer

Scanning Mobility Particle SizerAerodynamic Particle Sizer

O3, CO, N2O, H2O concentration Trace gas instrument system

One Day Example

Plot to right courtesy of Paul DeMott, Thomas Hill, Sonia Kreidenweis (CSU), and Baptiste Testa (U. Lyon)

CCN @0.4%

Courtesy of ARM DQ Office

G-1 MeasurementsProperty Instrument

Position/Aircraft parameters

Gust probe: Rosemount 1221F2AIMMS-20GPS (Global Positioning System) DSM 232C-MIGITS III (Miniature Integrated GPS/INS Tactical System)VectorNav-200 GPS/INSVideo Camera P1344

Meteorology Aircraft Integrated Meteorological Measurement SystemTunable diode laser hygrometerGE-1011B Chilled Mirror HygrometerLicor LI-840ARosemount 1201F1Rosemount E102AL

Aerosol optical properties

Single Particle soot Photometer3-wavelength Integrating Nephelometer, Model 35633-wavelength Particle Soot Absorption Photometer3-wavelength Single channel Tricolor Absorption Photometer

Chemical composition

Single Particle Mass Spectrometer (MiniSPLAT II)

Trace Gas measurements

N2O/CO -23rO3 Model 49iSO2 Model 43i

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Property InstrumentHydrometeor size distribution

Fast Cloud Droplet Probe2-Dimensional Stereo ProbeHigh Volume Precipitation Sampler 3Cloud Particle ImagerCloud Imaging ProbeCloud and Aerosol Spectrometer

Cloud liquid water content

Particle Volume Monitor 100-AMulti-Element Water Content SystemHot-wire probe from CAPS

Aerosol sampling Aerosol Isokinetic InletCounterflow Virtual Impactor

Aerosol size distribution

Ultra-high Sensitivity Aerosol SpectrometerScanning Mobility Particle SizerPassive Cavity Aerosol SpectrometerOptical Particle Counter Model Cl-3100Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer – Dual Polarized

CN concentration Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter Model 3025A

Condensation Particle Counter Model 3772CCN concentration Dual-column cloud condensation nuclei countersINP concentration Filter collections for CSU Ice Spectrometer

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Extensive Radar Products Targeting Convective Processes

• Calibrated b1 scanning Ka/X/C-band radar data and LDQUANTS are available on the ARM archive• ARSCL, Cartesian gridded SACR, and VDISQUANTS data will be available soon• V1 Taranis retrievals and Cartesian gridded C-band and X-band PPI volumes are completed and being analyzed• V1 Cell tracks from C-band PPI volumes are completed and being analyzed.• And more in progress along with a long list of ARM VAPs

Figures provided by Zhe Feng

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Resources

CACTI Background, Science Plan, and Final Report:www.arm.gov/research/campaigns/amf2018cacti

CACTI Datasets (some retrievals still in progress):www.archive.arm.govwww.arm.gov/research/campaigns/amf2018cacti

RELAMPAGO Field Catalog/Datasets:https://www.eol.ucar.edu/field_projects/relampago

Contact: adam.varble@pnnl.gov

Photo by Vagner Castro