the challenge of renewable energy storage

1

Energy Storage - Battery Technology

Innovation to Overcome Power Challenges

Narada ESS - Lead-Carbon Battery

2015

Impacting Lives With Energy

3

Contents

Opportunities and Challenges for MicroGrid ESS

Development Path for Narada ESS Technology

Principles and Features of Lead Carbon Batteries

Narada Solution Partners

Narada Lead Carbon Battery ESS

Project References

What to do with all this energy?

Pumped Hydro Compressed Air

Thermal energy storage

Batteries

4

5

Smart Micro Grid – Energy Storage Solution

6

Significance of ESS：

Mitigate peak and valley difference to maintain quality power generation,

improve efficiency of conventional grid

Reduce investment in backbone network expansion, saving substantial resources

Stabilize renewable energy integration, mitigate the unpredictability of wind and

solar power generation, improve power supply quality

Enhance grid security, increase back-up power in case of failures in transmission

or distribution network

Enhance black-start safety and decrease failure rates

ESS- Core of Smart Grid

Energy storage fundamentally decouples

supply and demand and insure the supply always

plug The storage battery

target:

• Increase efficiency

Reduce CO2

emission

• Enable greater

penetration

• Stabilize grid

• Insure the

equipment non stop

power on

UPS

Capacity

Economy

Security

Cycle life

Energy conversion efficiency

Variable duties with changing market demand

In emerging markets, lead-acid batteries need

to run in PSOC cycling duty (20% to 80% SOC)

to ensure affluent power output and good

charge acceptance under these scenarios.

Fast Power Cycling Slow Energy Cycling

Requirements of Batteries for Large Scale ESS

Storage solution application

Power Quality & UPS & system stability (in msec.)

Bridging power (sec. to mins.)

Energy management (mins. to hr.)

What batteries ?

Property Units Lead Lithium NaS NaNiCl V5+--V2+

Energy density

Wh/kg 25 140 150 100 20

Wh/l 75 360 170 150 10

Footprint

10kWh/1.8mm2 0.22 0.05 0.10 0.11 1.7

Capex US$ per kWh 150 700 400 500 500

Capacity

turnoverX * nominal ≈1000x ≈2000x ≈3000x ≈2500x ≈10000x

Suppliers Available from Many worldwide Many One Two Few

Scalable kW/kWh EasyWith

precautions

Within

limits

Within

limits

Only

scaling-up

10

Storage solution application

Conceptual KW- MW Solar Farm/ Grid

Connect with Energy Storage System

LOAD

GRID

TRANSFORMERS

POWER SWITCH

PV

MW

Inverter

MW

PCS

Battery

& BMS

Monitor &

Controller

http://www.narada-ap.com/index.php?cID=1


13

On-grid Applications

On-grid Charging

On-grid Discharging

Independent inverting

Standby

Failure

Emergency stop

Running Mode of ESS System

Island Applications

14

ESS- Core of Smart Grid

15

Core technology of ESS

Core technology of ESS

Safety, Energy exchange efficiency, Cost, Life,

Energy rate, Power rate, Maintenance, Environment friendly

Storage element

• Battery technology

• Group match technology (GMT)

•Battery management system (BMS)

•Thermal management system (TMS)

• Energy Storage Battery

Power control system (PCS)

•A.C./D.C Power System

• Power input control system:

• Load management system:

• Battery charging control:

Solar, Wind, Hydropower, DG,

Grid , DC, AC Parameter Data

Can manage various types of battery

Manage with various programs

Remote monitor system (RMS)

• Monitoring & Controlling

Good storage durability under various application scenarios

High energy conversion efficiency

Good safety and reliability for large scale energy storage

High returns on investment

Requirements on Batteries

Waveform testing employed by Sandia National Lab including

frequency regulation, load levelling, stochastic application modeling.

ESS Applications and Corresponding Requirements on Batteries

Cycle life Safety Scalability Economy Energy Efficiency

Advanced lead carbon battery ★★★ ★★★★ ★★★★ ★★★ ★★

Super capacitor ★★★★ ★★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★★

Lithium ion ★★★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★★★

Vanadiumredox flow battery

★★★★ ★★★ ★★★★ ★★ ★★★

Sodium sulfur ★★★ ★ ★★★ ★★★ ★★

None of the ESS technologies can fully meet the five key terms in current phase.

Lead-acid batteries are superior to other technologies in safety, reliability scalability and cost efficiency with absolutely large market share in this field.

**Source: John Craig, BCI, State of the Industry, 124 BCI

Convention, Phoenix, AZ (USA), 2012

90.6%

7.9% 1.5%

82.8%

15.0%

2.4%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Lead Lithium Nickel

Perc

enta

ge

2011

2016

Pb, Li and Ni batteries for energy storage

Comprehensive comparison of Various ESS Technologies

Lead-Carbon: A Game

Changer for Alternative

Energy Storage

Features of Lead-carbon batteriesWith combined advantages of both lead-acid batteries and super capacitors , lead carbon batteries, in which sulphation of negative plateis effectively depressed, are significantly

improved in high rate charge and discharge performance and cycle life under PSOC.

Applicant Fund M$

Projectdescription

Exide Technologies

with Axion Power

International

34.3

Advanced lead acid battery manufacturing based on lead carbon technology, meeting the demand for micro and mild HEV

East Penn Manu-

facturing Co.32.5

Ultra battery manufacturing (combination of lead acid and super capacitor) meeting the demand for micro and mild HEV

Obama Administration funded lead carbon

Lead Carbon-The Game Changer

19

Contents

Opportunities and Challenges for Microgrid ESS




Project References

20

Development Path of Narada’s ESS Technologies

PV Storage Batteries

(China Brightness Project)

Advanced Energy Storage Power Station & System Integration

（Scale application)

2000 20122005 Year

Development Path

Advanced Storage Batteries &

Systems (lead carbon batteries and other core technologies

Narada Power source has 10+ years experience in research and application of ESS technologies, has mastered ranges of technologies from ESS products to integrated systems, capable of delivering comprehensive solutions for various ESS systems.

Since 2010, Narada has carried out industry-academy-institute cooperation with R&D

center of MCPS (Military Chemical Power Source) of Research Institute of Chemical Defense

affiliated to Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT).

Extensive research has been done on the core technologies such as evaluation and

selection of carbon materials ( high capacitance active carbon) and composite lead carbon

negative plate formulas, and highly encouraging results achieved with a number of patents

for invention filed.

Currently, more than10 models of the two series (2V and 12V ) of lead carbon batteries

have been developed, and test application launched in port RTG and wind power EES

systems with excellent energy saving.

The project was listed as a provincial major scientific and technological innovation special

project in 2011.

The project is the pioneer breakthrough in lead carbon batteries in China.

Narada's R&D on Lead Carbon Batteries

22

Narada hosted Micro-Grid Energy Storage Forum Session

Narada Power Source: Microgrid Energy Storage

Layout and Green Energy Development

President Mr. Chen BoNarada’s experience and

technology accumulation

are major driving forces for

its leading performance in

microgrid field

Chief Scientist Mr. Herbert Giess IEC 61427 Part 2: On-grid applications

Narada was the only winning bidder of the

BEES systems for the rooftop PV power

plants, a microgrid pilot project in the state

renewable energy demonstration city in

Turpan.Chief Engineer Mr. Wu Xianzhang Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrid

Narada Lead Carbon Batteries Recognized by National Administration of Energy

Narada lead carbon batteries was recognized as achievements in energy science and

technology by National Administration of Energy (NAE) on May 17, 2013.

Experts from Department of Energy Conservation Technology & Equipment of

National Administration of Energy, leaders from Zhejiang Provincial Administration of

Energy and China Southern Power Grid, Academicians from Institute of Armored Force

Engineering, Institute of Chemical Defense of PLA, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and other experts attended the meeting.

Conclusion

Narada lead carbon batteries was recognized

as international advanced level based on the

breakthrough on improved cycle life, high rate

charge and discharge characteristics of lead-acid

battery technology, with a number of

independent intellectual property rights.

Academician Li Licheng from China Southern Power Grid

presided over the meeting as director of expert committee

24

Garston Plante’ Medal winner for his outstanding

technical contribution to the lead acid battery

industry with over 30 years experience in this field.

H. Giess (Switzerland)

Narada’s Chief Scientist

IEC TC21 WG3/JWG82

IEC 61427 Convener

Narada’s Leading Role in ESS industry

25

a) Replace ALL NAM in the negative plate by high surface area carbon

- perfect cycleability, high specific power

- Axion Power

b) Replace PART of the NAM by carbon

- superior cycleability, good W/kg

- CSIRO, Furukawa, East Penn

c) Replace all the GRID or part of it by 3D carbon structures

- high specific power, high specific energy,

excellent cycleability

- Warsaw University, Firefly Energy, CEA-INES

d) Add CARBON POWDER to the NAM

- optimized Pb grid, NAM pasted to the grid,

modified paste recipes

- excellent HRPSoC cycleability

- developed in ALABC programs, produced by

several companies

What does Lead Carbon mean？

Frequency Smoothing Simulation Test Results by SNL

8 times longer

*Data is updated by September 28 2012

Lead Carbon’s Advantage in ESS Application

27

Features of Narada's Lead Carbon Batteries

型号：6-DFM-75

尺寸：L261*W173*H206

重量：25.0kg

C20容量：75Ah

Combined strengths of lead-acid batteries and

supercapacitors

Perfect for HRPSOC cycling scenarios

High specific power, rapid charge and discharge

Eliminated negative sulfation, long cycle life

Internationally advanced, 40% superior in charge

acceptance and 5 times in battery cycle life to

ordinary ESS products

Pb-C cycle life

28

Narada’s ESS Battery Certified as Special PV Product

29

Contents




Energy Box

Solar PV

PV Inverters


Project References

TO PROVIDE PRACTICAL &SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND POWER SYSTEMS

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

Your Hybrid Energy Storage Solution

GenPlus hybrid Energy Storage System (ESS) offers a

modular and flexible design, that can be specially

tailored to suit each customer’s demands. The ESS

can be used as an independent power source, or as a

backup power system. It can be integrated with solar,

electrical generator and grid power. Energy sources

are managed by the interactive GenPlus IPSOM

module which gives flexibility to the customers

according to their diverse requirements.

Storing energy using high capacity battery, the GenPlus

ESS reduces output variability and improves reliability.

The high charging cycles and low recharge time

provides long life span, safety and promises a low total

Remote & Isolated Installation

GenPlus ESS is suitable for deployment in remote and isolated locations

where grid power is not readily available. In an off-grid area, combination

of ESS and photovoltaic energy can supply sustainable electricity to

communities and facilities without heavy investment in transmission and

distribution. Other power generation systems, such as diesel generators

can be coupled with GenPlus ESS to cover peak demands.

Management and monitoring of GenPlus ESS can easily be done

remotely with the GenPlus IPSOM module.

Residential & Commercial

Ideal as standalone operation or

as a backup power system in

environment with frequent power

disruption, or as an energy-

saving solution that can be used

to connect grid power and

photovoltaic systems to

maximize energy savings.

Base Transmission Stations

With the flexibility of combining

the use of solar panels and

diesel generators with GenPlus

ESS for mobile base stations in

remote and isolated areas

allow customers to save overall

capital investment and

operating costs.

Integrated Energy Storage

System

Turnkey solution

Scalable solution

From 5KVA to 20KVA in step

of 5KVA

Low maintenance

Field replaceable part for fast

turnaround

Remote monitoring and control

of system

AC & Generator Automatic/

Manual Select

Single Stage E-Box

5KVA Output; 230Vac; 50/60Hz

PV – Up to 3KWp

Energy Storage – up to 22KWhr

Dimension:

2m (H) 0.65(W) 0.7m(D)

Two Stages E-Box


PV – Up to 6KWp


Dimension:

2m (H) 1.3(W) 0.7m(D)

Three Stages E-Box


PV – Up to 9KWp


Dimension:

2m (H) 1.95(W) 0.7m(D)

Four Stages E-Box


PV – Up to 12KWp


Dimension:

2m (H) 2.6(W) 0.7m(D)

EBOX : DESIGN

APPLICATION

Hybrid Energy Box System

SOLUTION

PARTNERS

The Hybrid Energy Box System

Turnkey Solution (5KW / 10KW)

LiFePO4 battery or deep cycle Sealed Lead acid

Hybrid Power Sources



Portable Power System

Application Example : Power System with Extended Battery

Capacity

P Series

(Internal 1200Whr battery)

LFP -2400Whr

LFP -2400Whr

LFP -2400Whr

Total Battery Capacity : 4 x 2400Whr = 9600Whr

Load

P-Series Rugged P case with

Built-in retractable handle and

wheels

G-Seires Industrial Grade LiFePO4

R-Series – Rugged C-Series - Commercial

Platform Power System

Mobile Office tower power

module Vehicular Power module

for RF sensitive

equipment

GenPlus Sustaining Power System

meet your needs for energy anytime… anywhere…

Boat mounted Power System

Industrial Back-up Power System

OEM backup power for

industrial and mission

critical system

In-line DC backup

power supply for

CCTV, wireless

modules

Extended temperature

range outdoor In-line DC

backup power supply for

CCTV, wireless modules

DC backup power

System

36

Solar Frontier

Wholly-owned subsidiary of Showa Shell Seikyu K.K (TSE: 5002)

Headquartered in Tokyo, Japan

World’s largest provider of CIS thin-film Solar Energy Solutions

Manufacturing in Japan

Shipped over 2GW of CIS modules and systems for various applications to

Japan, Europe, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa.

Showa Shell Energy Solution business (ES),

which includes Solar Frontier’s results on a

consolidated basis, reported net sales of

141.2 billion yen.

37

Solar Frontier

Performance Advantages / Project References

- Test Site: Rhodos (Greece)

38

Solar Frontier

Phoenix Solar Calamba Test Site, PhilippinesMonitoring Period: 22nd September 2011 – June 2013

Performance Advantages / Project References

39

German Solar

Headquartered in Cottbus, AG

Design, produce, plan and distribute Photovoltaic products, -

components and –facilities.

40

German Solar

41

German Solar

Project References

Size: 200 KWP First Phrase NTUC Fairprice Hub

(Beside Joo Koon MRT)

2nd to 5th Phrase 2015 (1MW Total)

Project PLO 227

- Tebrau III Industrial Park Johor Bahru Johor

Malaysia

- Size: 172 KWP

- Roof Top Size: 45,000 Sq Ft Appx.

Project PLO 227

- Tebrau III Industrial Park Johor Bahru Johor

Malaysia

- Size: 172 KWP

- Roof Top Size: 45,000 Sq Ft Appx.

Tebrau III Industrial Park Johor Babru Johor

Size: 172 KWP, Appx 45,000 Sq Ft

Installation on open land 2MW Villacarrillo Jaen Spain 2008 July

(German Solar)

42

BENQ Solar

43

Full range (1phase & 3phase) product roadmap;

Flexible to work with any 3rd party energy management system(EMS);

Backup function makes energy supply possible in case of a grid failure;

Applicable to residential and commercial storage solution;

Suitable to work with Lithium-ion/ Lead-acid / FLA / NiCd battery packs;

Complete product range ready for AC and DC coupling solution;

Optional Integrated EMS and free remote monitoring.

Founded in 2011, GMDE is a company that mainly focuses on the development,

manufacturing highly cost-effective energy storage inverters and solutions worldwide.

We have been active in the energy storage market since early 2012.

All the following advantages build the strong basis for you to choose GMDE as

the inverter partner of your storage solution:

EN/ IEC 62109

EN 61000

VDE-AR-N 4105

EN/ IEC 62477

1. GMDE is the first Chinese company which obtained official battery & hybrid inverter certification to enter Germany market.

2. GMDE inverter is awarded “Star of TUV” in 2014 due to its excellent performance.

GMDE

44

GMDE

18/15/12/6KW Three-phase PV

inverter

- High efficiency

- Wide input voltage range

- Humanization mechanical design

1-10KW Hybrid Inverter

- Support PV and Battery input

simultaneously

- Automatically adjust the battery

output according to change of PV and

customer load, in order to reduce the

customer’s electrical expense

5-18KW Battery Inverter(The power

capacity can be customized).

-Support battery’s charging and

discharging.

-Specially design for existed large-capacity

solar plant

-Balance PV output and stabilize power

network.

GMDE

Project References (Germany and China)

18KW/30KWh 6KW/10KWh 36KW/55KWh 6KW/12KWh

46

Contents





Project References

47

Microgrid EES Solutions

EES Battery blocks PCS

BMS Monitoring system

Industrially pioneering and exclusive

micro-grid EES system in enterprise-class

Cost effective, long-life, high reliability

Mobile EES through modular approach

Environment friendly & energy efficient

Promote smart grid and renewable EES

Narada’s Lead Carbon BESS System

48

Modular Layout

Optimized container design enables modular layout and

mobility of the energy storage power station for emergency

and disaster relief

49

Battery Thermal Management Technology

Containerized battery thermal management system( temperature difference < 5˚C at the cell level)

Air conditioners

Air inlet

50

Based on theories of air dynamics and hydrodynamics and tested

after simulation and selection on large scale computer system, the

unique temperature-regulated air supply system was designed and

widely employed in the construction of BEES power stations

Battery Thermal Management Technology

.

51

Battery Management System (BMS)Technology

• High precision voltage measurement

• High precision current measurement

• High precision temperature measurement

• Large current nondestructive balancing

• Efficient balancing control strategy

• Multilayer safety protection

• Practical SOC estimation

• High reliability

• Intelligent BMS interface

• Historical event records

Longer service life

at battery string level

Improved user

experience

Enhanced battery safety

Convenient maintenance& inspection

• Balancing Technology• Nondestructive active balancing, energy transfer

• High balancing current almost no heat dissipation

• Balancing regardless of circumstances

2015/10/20 52

Narada PbC –Significant Improvements in Lead-acid Batteries

Improved Positive

Active Material

(PAM)

Pb +C Negative active

Material (NAM)

Quality AGM

separator

Positive grid

alloy

Electrolyte

density

Catalytic safety

valve

Battery layout

Optimized Plate

Grid Design

Horizontal layout coupled with special

separators mitigate electrolyte

stratification and improve cycle life

53

PV-ESS integrated microgrid power station in Narada Facility

Electrical Single Line Diagram

54

The key of battery group technology is to ensure the uniformity at the cell level to avoid

“weakest link effect”, then high charging and discharging efficiency and longer service life

achieved at the group level

State-of-the-art equipment, meticulous control, reasonable selection are major contributors.

uniformity test of discharge capacity, charge voltage,

end of discharge voltage and internal resistance

Battery Group Technology

laser thickness controlling system

55

Contents





Project References

56

Wind-PV-DG hybrid energy storage power station for Dongfushan Island

The National Scenery Site EES Pilot Project

Microgrid pilot project in state renewable demo city in Turpan, Xinjiang Autonomous Region

(REX-C:1000RC;500RC)

China Southern Grid Wind-PV-DG hybrid energy storage power station (REX-C:1500RC)

4 MWh Microgrid pilot project at Luxi island (National 863 Program) (REX-C:800RC)

6 MWh Microgrid demonstration project at Wanshan islands for China Southern Power Grid

(First national commercial demonstration project) (REX-C:2000RC)

Photovoltaic energy storage power stations for China Brightness Projects in Tibet, Qinghai

Photovoltaic energy storage power station for communication data transmission in Dalian

Mobile Wind Power energy storage demonstration system in Inner Mongolia

40KW/100KWh energy storage systems with NARI Technology Development and China

EPRI Science & Technology (China State Grid)

Wind power road lamp demonstration systems with Guoneng Wind Power (China State Grid)

Wind-PV energy storage power station for MOBAX in South Africa

2MWh PV-EES integrated microgrid power station at Narada

……

Narada ESS Demonstration Projects

57

Capacity 2MWh

Power 0.5MW

Integrated Voltage

380V / 50Hz

Installed in 2011

ServicesPeak shaving,

power smoothing

** Hybrid Battery ESS System with Lead

Carbon and Lithium ion batteries, for

superior performance and high

reliability

2MWh PV-ESS Integrated Microgrid Power Station at Narada Facility

2MWh PV-ESS integrated micro-grid power station at Narada

It is a pioneering enterprise micro network energy storage power station, implementing

peak shaving and renewable energy access, optional for island or on-grid operation.

System features-mobile modular containerized design,

Lead Carbon/Li-ion battery hybrid energy storage technology

Thermal management system was employed for the first time and integrated with advanced

battery technology, BMS, grouping and other core technologies

59

PV-ESS integrated microgrid power station in Narada Facility

Electrical Single Line Diagram

The hybrid energy storage power station for Dongfushan Island is the first real

world case in scale renewable energy storage in China, integrated wind,

photovoltaic and ESS, boosted to run the island micro grid system. Technically

difficult and complex, the project is of great significance in demonstration.

The project was launched in 2011, the Battery ESS system has been running

smoothly for 3 years.

Wind-PV-DG hybrid energy storage power station for Dongfushan Island

100KW Solar Panels 210KW Wind Turbine Generators Narada BEES blocks

61

Microgrid Pilot Project in State Renewable Demo City in Turpan, Xinjiang Autonomous Region

The first micro-grid pilot

project in state renewable

demonstration city in Turpan

Xinjiang has been jointly

approved by National

Development and Reform

Commission, National Energy

Administration, State Electricity

Regulatory Commission. The

installed capacity is currently

the largest (13.4MW) and the

coverage the widest ( over

20,000 residents of more than

7000 households ) in China.

Bid Winning Notice to Narada Power Source

The National Scenery Site ESS Pilot Project

The project is integrated with 100 MW of wind power, 50 MW of solar power and 20 MW

chemical energy storage engineering, recognized as international leading level in terms of

project scale and technology.

It is the world's largest platform for the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy

up to now, facilitate effective solutions to key technical barriers in on grid generation.

Narada won the bid for the project due to its high recognition in international advanced

products and technology, in cooperation with China State Grid to demonstrate lead-acid

storage value and explore innovative technical routes.

4 MWh Microgrid Pilot Project at Luxi Island (National 863 Program)

The largest Micro grid lead-acid storage demonstration project in Zhejiang province

Integrated lead carbon batteries, super capacitors and other advanced energy storage

technology

As the exclusive bid winner, Narada provides system solution for the project

6 MWh Microgrid demonstration project at Wanshan islands in Zhuhai

The largest Micro grid lead-acid storage demonstration nationwide

As the exclusive bid winner, Narada provides system solution, energy storage lead

carbon battery products for the project

Narada provides a variety of ways for wind, solar and other renewable energy access,

for power smoothing as well as energy storage capabilities

China Southern Grid Wind-PV-DG Hybrid ESS Power Station

3 MWh hybrid energy storage power station

PV power smoothing and peak shaving

Using lead carbon batteries, lithium batteries, and other advanced energy storage

technology

Joint design with Southern Grid and other organizations

Wind-PV energy storage power station for MOBAX in South Africa

66

The MOBAX project operation results shows

40% energy saving rate compared with fuel

power generation.

67

微网储能点亮世界绿色能源驱动未来

ESS Power StationPeak shaving, load leveling, power supply cost down

Renewable energy integration, more energy efficient and environmental friendly

Microgrid Energy Storage Lighting the World Green Energy Driving the Future