RENEWABLE ENERGY AND

ENERGY STORAGE

A PRESENTATION BY KARAN DHAUL GLOBAL ENERGY PVT LTD

RENEWABLE ENERGY….TODAYS REALITY

Without storage renewables will go back to the 60’s

WHAT IS ENERGY STORAGE?

• In the absence of storage, electricity must be used when it is produced. This requires a system that is constantly able to balance electricity generation with electricity demand (Swedish Energy Agency, 2010).

• Excess supply of electricity in the grid will cause the voltage and alternating frequency to rise above the safe level causing electricity “surges,” too little supply and there will not be enough electricity in the grid for demand, causing shortages or “brown- outs” (CESPOS, 2009).

Storing energy allows grids to balance the supply and demand. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.

Power Source Storage

Technology

Energy Type Status

Solar Thermal Heat Salts Thermal Heat

Energy

Pilot Projects

Wind 2 Gas Water

Electrolysis

Thermo-Chemical

Energy

Under Development

Hydro Pumping

Stations

Physical Energy

(Gravity Potential)

Commercial Production (90% of energy storage

worldwide)

Geothermal Heat Salts Thermal Heat

Energy

Commercial Production

where salt caverns are

naturally occurring

Electrical Li Ion, NAS,

Vanadium

Redox

Chemical Energy Commercial Production

TYPES OF ENERGY STORAGE

1 Demand And Supply

With a Steady Increase in Renewable Power Sources that Generate varying amounts of power and that too

only during certain hours of the day, The Herculean Task of Matching Demand with Supply is getting harder

day by day . PV and CSP, Wind, and non dam connected hydro are all must run type projects and cannot be

made to back down.

2 Transmission Bottlenecks

As most transmission capacities are usually utilized at a steady optimum point, during Surges in Production

generation can outstrip transmission by almost 50% of Line Capacities ( Case In point Tamil Nadu Wind

Capacity v/s Transmission Capacity).

International Case Study:

The ability to export excess electricity is limited by the transmission capabilities to do so.

Larke and Lund note that in in 2006 and 2007, when Danish wind production only accounted to

approximately 15% of electricity generation, there were several occurrences when extremely heavy winds

generated electricity volumes that exceeded not only domestic demand but the capacity of transmission lines

to export it. A critical over-supply situation was avoided only by shutting down CHP production and 200MWs

of turbines (Larke & Lund, 2008). As Denmark is now at 25% wind generation, and will likely be nearing 40%

by 2020, there is potential for this situation to become more common.

WHY DO WE NEED IT?

2009 2010 % Increase Per annum 2011

% Increase Per annum

Investment in New Renewable Capacity (Annual) 161 220 26 257 14 Renewable Power Capacity (Excluding Hydro) 250 315 20 390 19 Renewable Power Capacity (Including Hydro) 1170 1260 7 1360 7 HydroPower Capacity (total) 915 945 3 970 2 Solar PV Capacity (total) 23 40 42 70 42 CSP (Total) 0.7 1.3 46 1.8 27 Wind Power (Total) 159 198 19 238 16 Solar heat/Hot Water (Total) 153 182 15 232 21 Ethanol Production (annual) 73.1 86.5 15 86.1 -1 Biodiesel production (Annual) 17.8 18.5 3 21.4 13 Countries with policy targets 89 109 18 118 7

Average YOY INCREASE 19.5 15.18

Source:

Source: PGCIL Report on Green Corridors Global Capacity Addition in Renewable Energy

Indian Capacity Addition in RE Power By 2017

THE SUN SHINES ON

RENEWABLES

SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING. Solar heating capacity increased by an estimated 27% in 2011 to reach approximately 232 GW, excluding unglazed swimming pool heating. China again led the world for solar thermal installations, with Europe a distant second. Most solar thermal is used for water heating, but solar space heating and cooling are gaining ground, particularly in Europe. CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER (CSP) More than 450 megawatts (MW) of CSP was installed in 2011, bringing global capacity to almost 1,760 MW. Spain accounted for the vast majority of capacity additions, while several developing countries launched their first CSP plants and industry activity expanded its attention from Spain and the United States to new regions. Parabolic trough plants continued to dominate the market, but new central receiver and Fresnel plants were commissioned during 2011 and others were under construction GEOTHERMAL HEAT AND POWER. Geothermal energy provided an estimated 205 TWh (736 PJ) in 2011, one- third in the form of electricity (with an estimated 11.2GW of capacity) and the remaining two-thirds in the form of heat. At least 78 countries used direct geothermal energy in 2011. Most of the growth in direct use was associated with ground-source heat pumps (GHP), which can provide heating and cooling and have experienced growth rates averaging 20% annually. Geothermal electricity saw only modest expansion in 2011, but the rate of deployment is expected to accelerate with projects under development in traditional markets and the movement into new markets in East Africa and elsewhere. HYDROPOWER An estimated 25 GW of new capacity came on line in 2011, increasing global installed capacity by nearly 2.7% to approximately 970 GW. Hydropower continues to generate more electricity than any other renewable resource, with an estimated 3,400 TWh produced during 2011. Asia was the most active region for new projects, while more mature markets focused on retrofits of existing facilities for improved output and efficiency. Hydropower is increasingly providing balancing services, including through expansion of pumped storage capacity, in part to accommodate the increased use of variable solar and wind resources. OCEAN ENERGY. After years that saw development of only small pilot projects, global ocean power capacity almost doubled in 2011. The launch of a 254 MW tidal power plant in South Korea and a 0.3 MW wave energy plant in Spain brought total global capacity to 527 MW.

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRESS REPORT- AN UPDATE

Global investment in renewable power and fuels increased 17% to a new record of $257 billion in 2011. This was more than six times the figure for 2004, and 94% more than the total in 2007, the last year before the acute phase of the world financial crisis. Wind is the most mature of the “new” renewable power technologies, and has usually been the biggest single sector for investment over recent years. However in 2011, it was out-stripped by solar, which attracted nearly twice as much investment. Total investment in solar power jumped 52% to $147 billion. By contrast, total investment in wind power slipped 12% to $84 billion, impacted by lower turbine prices, policy uncertainty in Europe and a slowdown in China’s previously hectic growth in wind installations. Beaten into a distant second place by China in both 2009 and 2010, the US rallied to neck-and-neck with China in 2011, on the back of a 57% surge in US investment in renewables to $51 billion. Investment in renewable power and fuels in China gained a more modest 17% to $52 billion.

In $$$$ and Cents….

WORLDWIDE ANNOUNCEMENTS

Denmark has announced that by the end of this decade, it will produce a third of its energy from renewable sources - wind power, in particular, but also solar power and the burning of "biomass.” Furthermore, the Danish Government has set a goal of running the entire country on renewables by 2050. With the 20% Renewable Energy Standard mandate expected to be on the grid by 2013, and an ongoing solar ramp-up to get to 33% by 2020, California now joins countries like Finland and US regions like the Pacific Northwest that are considering distributed storage to gain more control during times of over-generation, congestion and extreme system ramps. (6000 MW by 2020 ) India is now enforcing Renewable energy Purchase obligations for large utilities, distribution Companies and Open Access Consumers of Electricity, boosting the Renewable energy Markets

Presently the total installed electricity generation capacity in India is about 200

GW (as on 31.03.12). Out of this about 12 % (24915 MW) is through

renewable generation mainly wind (17353 MW) and balance is in the form of

small hydro (3396 MW), Biomass (3225 MW) and solar (941 MW).

Indian Experience – Ripe For storage

• As per the FOIR Report, States with High wind Capacity Installed have major problems in managing the sudden surge in generation during the early monsoon, and are forced to back down conventional generation stations in order to avoid Over-Frequency Grid Tripping.

• The Difference in Power prices on the exchange vary from a minimum of Rs. 2 per KWh to an average maximum of Rs. 9 depending on the time of Day (Peak/Offpeak).

More than a Smart Grid, WE need a “wise” grid,one that

can store energy and use it wheN required

THANK YOU