The Cell Theory States:•All living things are made of one or more cells•A cell is the basic unit of structure & function in all living things•All cell come from other living cells

Cells are the smallest unit of life.

Robert Hooke first described them as cells.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe living cells.

Cells have 2 Classifications

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Illustration Illustration

Definition Organisms that have cells without a true nucleus

DefinitionOrganisms that have cells with a membrane-bound nucleus

Animal CellEukaryotic

Plant CellEukaryotic

Bacterial CellProkaryotic

Animal cells have many membrane bound organelles. The largest organelle is the nucleus where the DNA can be found.

Plant cells consist of Chloroplast which contains chlorophyll that is responsible for a plants green color and the process of photosynthesis.Cell walls give the cell strength and structure Central vacuoles are larger in the plant and water and other materials.

Bacteria have NO NUCLEUS. All genetic material floats free inside the cellFlagella are the small tail-like structure use for movement.

How are they different from each other?

Cell organelles have specific jobs

What is the main job of each organelle?

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cellsemipermeable

Nucleus

Controls cell activitiesStores genetic information

Cell organelles have specific jobs

What is the main job of each organelle?

Ribosomes

Synthesizes orMake proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum

Moves molecules within the cell

Cell organelles have specific jobs

What is the main job of each organelle?

Lysosomes

Digest nutrients and old cell parts and waste Vesicles

Used to transport materials

Golgi apparatusModifies and Packages proteins

Unicellular vs Multi-cellular

Unicellular Multicellular

Simpler organisms made of 1 cell

Example: Bacteria

More complex organisms than unicellular and made of many cells

Example: Humans

Multicellular Organisms are Complex

Organelles cells tissue organs organ system organism

Specialized Cells

Multicellular organisms have specialized cellsCells are shaped according to their function

Nerve cells: Transmit signals to brain

Muscle cells:Responsible formovement

Skin cells:protection

Cells Processes: GROWTH

Growth causes cells to become bigger

Cell size is limited!

Cells size depends on what ratio?

Surface to volume

Cells Processes: CELL DIVISION

Cell Division

Cell division causes cells to increase in number Cell division: Cells divided from one parent to form two (2)Identical daughter cells

Mitosis – the cell nucleus divides to form 2 new nuclei. These cells will be identical (Cell Replacement)

Meiosis – Goes through two phases and will result in 4 unique cells (Creation of a new organism)

Remember:Interphase – cell grows and DNA is copied

Prophase – Prepares to separateMetaphase – Chromosomes line up it the MiddleAnaphase – Spindle fibers pull Away from one anotherTelophase – Now there are Two nuclei

Cytokinesis – the cell’s cytoplasm divides

Cells Processes: ENERGY

Cells are alive so they need energy to stay alive

Cells use energy in what form? Sugar stored as Glucose also known as ATP

Cells need what 4 macromolecules? LIPIDS, PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, CARBOHYDRATES

Through what process do plants get energy?

Photosynthesis

Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast through The chlorophyll

Through what process do animal cells get energy?

Cellular respiration(uses oxygen)

Fermentation(does not use oxygen)

Where in the cell do these to processes take place?

mitochondria

A diverse group of microscopic organisms Most are unicellular and ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus)Three main groups determined by the way they get their energy

Algae (plant like)

Protozoa (animal like)

Decomposer (fungus like)

Type of cell:Unicellular

Energy:photosynthesis

Type of cell:Unicellular

Energy:Eats other microbes

Type of cell:Unicellular

Energy:Absorption of materials

Kingdom Protista

Protista Groups

Protista Structure Movement Energy/Food Special Feature

Euglena Unicellular Flagella Feeds on others, photosynthesis

Eyespot

Volvox UnicellularLives in colonies

Flagella Makes nutrientsPhotosynthesis

chloroplasts

Paramecium Unicellular Cilia Feeds on other organisms

Amoeba Unicellular PseudopodsThey elongate

Feeds on other organisms