The BrainDiscuss the use of brain imaging technologies in investigating the relationship between biological factors and behavior.

Modern technology and localization of function

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

• Developed in 1929 by Hans Berger

• Electrodes are placed on the outside of the head using a special cap or helmet.

• Detect electrical activity in the brain.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

• Most widely used in sleep research.

• It can measure what stage of sleep you are in.

• 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th

• REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

• Not that accurate in research showing us localization of function.

Computed Tomography

• Combines computer and x-ray technology.

• Images are taken from all sides and look like slices of the brain.

• GREAT for showing structural changes in the brain (like a tumor).

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• Our bodies are about 60% water

H2O.• Uses a strong magnetic field to

push one proton of the H2O off its orbit.

• When magnetic pulse stops…the proton rushes back to its orbit.

• It emits a small radio frequency on its way back.

• The machine can detect that radio frequency..taking a picture of it.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Normally much more safe that CT scan.

• But REALLY bad it you have metal inside of you….

• Very precise images from any angle.

Functional MRI (fMRI)

• Uses MRI technology but takes pictures of only active areas (areas with more blood).

• Great for showing brain activity.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

• Inject a radioactive substance in an individual.

• Usually some radioactive sugar that produces gamma rays.

• When the brain metabolizes (burns) the sugar, the PET machine will measure it.

• Great diagnostic tool for showing abnormalities in brain activity.

What studies can you use?

Maguire et al. (2000) Fisher et al. (2003)