The Ageing Brain Project & International Brain Grids:

Tissue Mechanics as a key to Healthy Lifespan

for a Greying World

Prasun Kumar Roy

Tata Innovation Fellow

Senior Professor, National Brain Research Centre, NCR Delhi

Chief Investigator, India Brain Grid, Ministry of Information Technology

Lifetime prevalence = 22%

•Depression

•Dementia

•Schizophrenia

•Bipolar Disorder

•Stroke & Degeneration••Obsessive disorder

•Alcohol & Drug Use

Pressing Need Today : Critical Social Burden:

Brain Disorders – Global Highest Disease Load: $ 1.5 Trillion/year in 2030

7.34.4

2.41.7

3.71.8

6.43.0

3.61.3

1.80.7

2.50.9

2.30.9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Developed economies

Former Soviet block

India

China

Other SE Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America/ Caribbean

Middle Eastern Crescent

1990

2020

Molecular PET Blood flow, fMRINBRC:

Electrophysiology/EEG Genomics

Brain Function: Large data vol. - Many patients:

Computed Analysis: Global standards: 3D McGill Brain Template

BioInformatics (DNA) OrganoInformatics (TISSUE)

Needed ‘Big Data’: Coordinated effort of Scientists across the Nation:

Novel Popln. Approach to Diagnostic/Therapeutic Trials, Drug Discovery

4D Flows in Tissue: ‘Connectomics’: Electrical Signal, Drugs, Cells, Blood:

Domain Expertise: Elec/Chem./Material Engg., Fluid Dynamics,

Systems Biology, Anatomy

Elements:

The Grid: Dynamic linkage to collect/analyze data

Computed 4D Tissue Biology Platform: Study temporal change

Data Interpretation System: For optimal diagnosis/therapy.

…….. SOME EXAMPLES OF BRAIN GRIDS ……….

Fostering Global Brain Linkage

Towards Initiating Brain Grids in Different Regions

European Brain Grid: Neugrid, HBP

UK, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Greece

Child Development (UCL)

Brain Injury (Karolinska)

Dementia (ICRRS Venice)

Epilepsy (CNRC Toulouse)

Autism (MPI, Dresden)

U.S. Brain Grid:

ICBM /ADNI / NIH

Int’l Consortium of Brain Mapping; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

UCLA, Harvard

Partners:

Siemens

Philips

Pfizer

Roche

Allen Brain Institute

Asia-Pacific Brain Grid

China, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Australia

Korean Sub-grid

KERONET

LG Electronics NIST Tsukuba

NBRC AIIMS NIMHANS IPGMER KEM

IIT-D Delhi Bangalore Calcutta Bombay

(Central) (North) (South) (East) (West)

Partner Nodes:

Indian Brain Grid (iBrain) Principal Science Adviser’s Office, GoI

National Knowledge Network NKN Platform (Ministry of I. T.)

Bombay [Marathi]

(KEM/SMC)•

• Calcutta

(IPGMER): Bengali

• Delhi NCR [Hindi language]

AIIMS/NBRC

• Bangalore [Kannada]

(NIMHANS)

Golden Quadrilateral Silicon Quadrilateral

• Tech Standardization

•Stroke Study,

•Ageing Study

•Population study

Phase II: NKN

Global Brain Grid

(Das et al, 2012)

FUNCTIONS & PROCESSING BY GRID

iBrain: India Brain Grid Platform

Interaccession & Analysis of MRI-PET-EEG-Genomics

Electrophysiology / Psychometry / Blood Flow Data

GLOBAL-BRAIN

Metadata

DB

I-BRAIN:

Brain Images

Indian

Database

DB

NBRC/NKN Delhi: Standard Brain Atlas to Normalize Scans:

Montreal Int’l Brain Template

Standardization of parameters/protocols of all Scanners in 4 Zones

I-BRAIN site-2

B’lore: 3 T Siemens

I-BRAIN site-3

Bombay: 3 T Philips

I-BRAIN site-4

3T Calcutta: G.E.

I-BRAIN site-1

… NCR Delhi: 3 Tesla Philips

Accession of iBrain Node – West Zone

(Bombay: KEM Medical College)

DELHI: AIIMS

GURGAON: GGH

MUMBAI: KEM

MUMBAI: KEM

Accession of iBrain Node – East Zone

Calcutta: IPGMER (W.B. Govt.)

MANESAR: NBRC

BANGALORE: NIMHANS

IPGMER: CALCUTTA

IPGMER - CALCUTTA

Vernacular Languages: Validation

Cognitive Study: Mental State Exam in Indian Languages

Program Initiative

Distortion Analysis of the Brain Tissue as marker for

Alzheimer’s disease & Mild Cognitive Impairment

Finding Tissue Elasticity by MRI as diagnostic parameter: Brain Parenchyma - Porous Elastic Medium.

Left Brain Right Brain

6.0

4.0

2.0

Alzheimer’s Disease : MRI-based Monitoring of Distortion

Cortical Tissue Disturbance

Maximum tissue strain

at Entorhinal region

(Budha et al)

Receiver-Operating Characteristics (ROC curve):

Elastic Responsivity as Classifier:

Differentiating Normal vs. Disease (Mild Cognitive Impairment /

Alzheimer’s Disease)

ROC curve:

Area Under Curve

AUC = 0.9968

Sen

siti

vit

y

1 – Specificity

time

Perirhinal

cortex

Entorhinal

cortex

Hippocam

pus

Drug may work

better here

(pre-MCI)

Rest of TL

Entire

Cortex

Association

Cortex

Drug usually

administered

here (Alz)

Strategy: Early knowledge of Disease Therapeutic InterventionMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), pre-MCI:

The Window of OpportunityNo Ready Imaging Markers:

(MCI)

Brain Grid: Deliverables & Goals

Indian Normative Database for Brain:

Imaging

Biochemistry & Genetics

Longitudinal Study to Detect Brain Development & Ageing Effects:

In Normality and in Diseases

Clinical Imaging Biomarkers: Drug-resistant Epilepsy

For Early Disease Diagnosis & Grading

Cross-Sectional Study: Himalaya: Hypoxic stress in Low-landers

Mapping Variation across Gender and Different Ethnic Group in India

Monitoring of Drug Response:

At early treatment stage, to reject ineffective drugs

Scope for Industry & Engineering Sector

Human Organism: Unique Dynamics Platform

Big Data :

Making Sense from Global Data Streams

National/Global Problem:

Growth, Ageing, Life-span

Decisions for Policy-Makers

Economic Productivity

Blue Sky Products & Services

Subra Subha

Alan Evans, MNI

Jyothi Rajeev

Budha Suhela

Samir Das, MNI

Participants

Sponsorships:

Cooperation: Training Facilitation:

Infrastructure:

Services:

National Informatics Centre

Services India Ltd.