The

Rise of Dictators

and World War II

Main Idea – The rise of Aggressive leaders still Main Idea – The rise of

dictators in Europe and

Asia led to World War II.

Aggressive leaders still

threaten peace today.

Steps to War

The Great Depression had ruined economies in

Europe. Many Europeans turned to new leaders to

solve their problems.

Who were the dictators that came to power in Europe?

•Dictator – an absolute ruler.

•Italy – Benito Mussolini – began a political movement – fascism – an extreme form of

nationalism and racism.

•Germany – Adolf Hitler – leader of the fascist National Socialist German Workers’ Party – or Nazi

Party.

Who am I?

Benito Mussolini

Italy

Fascist and Totalitarian State

Who am I?

Adolf Hitler

Germany

• Dictators come to power:

• Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin – the Communist dictator took over upon the

death of Vladimir Lenin (led the

Communist takeover of Russia in 1917.)

His government tried to control every His government tried to control every

aspect of life in the nation.

• Japan – The military was gaining more

and more power with army General

Hideki Tojo having more power than the Emperor Hirohito.

Who am I?

Joseph Stalin

Russia

Communist and Totalitarian State

Who am I?

EmperorHirohitoHirohito

Japan

Totalitarian State

General Hideki Tojo

Prime Minister

Who am I?

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco

Spain

Fascist who overthrows the democratic government.

Who am I?

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

Great Britain

Who am I?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

United States

Define:

1.Fascism – political movement that preached intense nationalism and racism.

2.Adolf Hitler – Nazi dictator of Germany.

3.Nazi party – Fascist party that ruled 3.Nazi party – Fascist party that ruled Germany between 1933 – 1945, with Hitler

as the dictator.

4.Dictator – absolute ruler.

5.Joseph Stalin – the Communist dictator of the Soviet Union.

6.Axis Powers – the name of the alliance

between Germany and Italy, and later

would include Japan.

7. Benito Mussolini Dictator of Italy

8. General Hideki Tojo – Military leader of

Japan.

9. Appeasement – the policy of meeting a 9. Appeasement – the policy of meeting a

nation’s demands to avoid war.

10. Lend - Lease Program – the policy in

which the US sent war materials to the

Allied Powers.

11. Pearl Harbor – the site of the Japanese

attack on the United States.

12. The Munich Agreement – Hitler and Neville

Chamberlain, Britain’s Prime Minister, met in Munich,

Germany. They made an agreement giving Germany

control of the Sudetenland, in return, Hitler promised to

stop taking anymore territory. This appeasement was

supposed to make “peace in our time.”

13. Blitzkrieg – a new method of warfare, using

speed and surprise, “lightning war.” speed and surprise, “lightning war.”

14. Luftwaffe - Germany’s air force

15. The Battle of Britain – German planes flew massive bombing attacks on London and other

civilian targets – but the British never surrendered.

CAUSES CAUSES (Long Term)(Long Term)

••WWI (the harsh conditions of the Treaty of WWI (the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles)Versailles)

••Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan,

WorldWorld War IIWar II

••Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan,

and the Soviet Unionand the Soviet Union

••Severe economic problems exist in Europe and Severe economic problems exist in Europe and

Asia.Asia.

••Italy, Germany, and Japan expand their territory.Italy, Germany, and Japan expand their territory.

••The policy of appeasement fails.The policy of appeasement fails.

Immediate Causes•Germany invades Poland.

•Japanese attack the U.S. •Japanese attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

Countries That Countries That Threatened World PeaceThreatened World Peace

Japan•Military leaders took control of gov’t •Military leaders took control of gov’t •Invaded Manchuria•Tried to expand in the Pacific•Joined the Axis Powers in 1940

Countries That Countries That Threatened World PeaceThreatened World Peace

Italy•Mussolini seized control of the gov’t and •Mussolini seized control of the gov’t and the military and formed a fascist state•Italy formed alliance with Germany called the Axis Powers•Invaded Ethiopia in 1936•Supported Franco in Spain’s civil war

Countries That Countries That Threatened World PeaceThreatened World Peace

Germany•Dictator and fascist Adolph Hitler took control in 1934Hitler took control in 1934

•created a totalitarian state

•built up Germany’s army

Countries That Countries That Threatened World PeaceThreatened World Peace

Germany•Nazis attacked Jews and sent them to concentration campsthem to concentration camps•Hitler made alliance with Mussolini as an Axis Power•Supported Franco in Spain’s civil war

Countries That Countries That Threatened World PeaceThreatened World Peace

Germany

•Threatened France’s border•Threatened France’s border•Annexed Austria•Seized the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

German Aggression!

Lightning War - Hitler invades Poland

One of the VonTrapp children in the Sound of Music

calls it The “angry spider”.

Even today, neo Even today, neo nazi groups and other hate groups use it to represent their programs of

prejudice.

German Aggression

Nazi Blitzkrieg

April - May

1940

Hitler conquers Denmark, Norway,

Belgium, and the Netherlands

Defeated and forced to acknowledge the Nazi government.government.

April 1940

The Miracle of Dunkirk

Bombing damage in France.

June 22, 1940

France surrenders

September 1940

U.S. passes first peacetime draft

German Aggression

Battle of Britain

Autumn 1940 - daily air raids Autumn 1940 - daily air raids over Britain - Unable to defeat the British quickly!

Despite their partnership – Hitler and Stalin

distrusted each other. (There is no honor

among thieves or dictators.)

•June1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union

•September 1941 – January 1944 German

German Aggression

•September 1941 – January 1944 German

troops surround the city. The Siege of

Leningrad - - lasted 872 days

•December 1941 – German advance to

Moscow – harshest winter in decades. The

weather and the Soviets push them back.

Dec. 1940

The Lend-LeasePolicy Policy allows U.S. to give Allies help.

Atlantic Charter

Prime Minister Winston Churchill

President Franklin RooseveltPresident Franklin Roosevelt

Discuss allied goals: the right of all people to self-determination, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free from want, and freedom from fear.

Ford Island,

seen on 10

October

1941 from

much the

same angle

as Japanese as Japanese

bomber

pilots

viewed it on

7 December.

National

Archives

Photo 80-G-

279375

Deployment of attacking Japanese aircraft

183 aircraft of the first attack wave were launched from the six Imperial Japanese Navy carriers; Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiru, Zuikaku and Shokaku, 230 miles North of O'ahu at 6:00 A.M. - They were ordered to attack at

0750 A.M. by Lt. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.

At approximately 7:15 A.M. the second wave of aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were on their way to Pearl Harbor.

Shattered by a direct hit, the USS Arizona burns and sinks, December 7, 1941.

Damage at Pearl Harbor

Aerial view of the USS Arizona Memorial

FDR calls this “a date which will live in infamy”, and Congress declares that a state of war

exists with Japan.

Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War