Detail of President-elect Andrew Jackson on his way to Washington, D.C., to be inaugurated in 1829.

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During his presidency, Andrew Jackson makes political and economic decisions that strongly affect the nation.

The Age of Jackson,18241840

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Section 1

Politics of the PeopleAndrew Jacksons election to the presidency in 1828 brings a new era of popular democracy.

BobTypewritten TextCLICK HERE FOR ANIMATION OF SETTLED AMERICAN AREAS 1800 TO 1830

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The Election of 1824

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Democratic-Republican party has four presidential candidates:- John Quincy Adams has New Englands

support- William Crawford has Souths support- Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson both have

the Wests support

1SECTION

Jackson wins popular votes, fails to get majority of electoral votes

Politics of the People

House of Representatives chooses Adams

John Quincy Adams

Jacksonian Democracy

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1SECTION

Andrew Jackson feels 1824 election has been stolen from him

Split eventually creates 2 parties:- Democrats grow out of Jacksons supporters- National Republicans grow from Adamss

supporters

Aims to win next election, helps to split Democratic-Republican party

Continued . . .

Andrew Jackson

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1SECTION

Jackson backs interests of common people, supports majority rule

Voting rights partially expanded under Thomas Jeffersons presidency

Jacksonian democracypolitical power for all people, majority rule

Helps Jackson win election, hailed as triumph for common people

Continued Jacksonian Democracy

The Peoples President

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1SECTION

Andrew Jackson, first president not from aristocratic background

After war, becomes lawyer, hero in War of 1812

Grows up on frontier farm, fights in Revolutionary War, taken prisoner

Jackson Takes Office

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1SECTION

Andrew Jacksons wife, Rachel, dies soon after he wins presidency

Inauguration ceremony attracts people from all levels of society

Jackson blames death on campaign attacks on wifes reputation

Crowd grows rowdy, forces Jackson to flee White House

Rachel Jackson

Painting made from description of Jacksons Inauguration Party at the White House.

A New Political Era Begins

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1SECTION

Andrew Jackson replaces many government officials with his supporters

Opponents charge that spoils system corrupts

Giving government jobs to political backersspoils system

Jackson defends system, breaks up one groups hold on government

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During Jacksons presidency, Native Americans were forced to move west of the Mississippi River.

Section 2

Jacksons Policy Toward Native Americans

Native Americans in the Southeast

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2SECTION

In early 1800s, many Native Americans remain east

Others want Native Americans to move out

Some whites hope Native Americans can adapt to their way of life

Jacksons Policy Toward Native Americans

Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole: - called civilized because they have adopted

some white culture Tribes hold large areas of land

The Cherokee Nation

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2SECTION

Cherokee adopt white customs more than any other Southeastern tribe

Draw up constitution based on U.S. Constitution, found Cherokee Nation

Cherokee Sequoya invents Cherokee writing system

Own farms, cattle ranches, acquire written language

Gold is discovered on their lands, many whites demand Cherokee move

Jacksons Removal Policy

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2SECTION

Andrew Jackson wants to move Native Americans west of Mississippi

Jackson believes Native Americans have one of two choices: - adopt white culture, become U.S. citizens- move into Western territories

As a result, U.S. government gains large amounts of land

As Indian treaty commissioner, he makes treaties with southeast tribes

Continued . . .

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2SECTION

Gold found in Georgia, Southern states give whites right to Cherokee land

Cherokee protest, President Andrew Jackson supports states

Congress passes Indian Removal Act (1830) which: - requires Native Americans to relocate west

Policy forever changes relations between whites, Native Americans

Continued Jacksons Removal Policy

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2SECTION

Whites invade Native American homelands

Indian Territorywhat is now Oklahoma, parts of Kansas, Nebraska

Treaties require tribes to move to Indian Territory

Many Native Americans feel they have no choice but to sign treaties

The Trail of Tears

Continued . . .

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2SECTION

Beginning in 1831, Southeast tribes relocate to Indian Territory

U.S. troops force Cherokee to march west, fall, winter of 18381839

Court upholds appeal, Andrew Jackson ignores it

Cherokee appeal decision to U.S. Supreme Court, to protect land

Without adequate clothing, one-fourth of Cherokees die

Harsh journey of the Cherokee, known as the Trail of Tears

Continued The Trail of Tears

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2SECTION

Soldiers round up Cherokee named Tsali, his family

Agrees to surrender if Cherokee allowed to remain on their land

Tsali, family flee to North Carolina, meet other Cherokees

On way to stockade, they fight, soldier killed

Surrenders, he, sons (except youngest) shot, some Cherokee remain

Native American Resistance

Continued . . .

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2SECTION

Seminole refuse to leave Florida (1835), leads to Second Seminole War

Some Seminole continue to fight in the Everglades, others move west

Osceola is tricked into capture, dies in prison

Seminole leader Osceola, followers use surprise attacks on U.S. army

Sauk chief Black Hawk leads Sauk, Fox back to their lands in Illinois

During the Black Hawk War, U.S. troops crush Black Hawks uprising

Continued Native American Resistance

Osceola

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Jackson struggles to keep Southern states from breaking away from the Union over the issue of tariffs.

Section 3

Conflicts over States Rights

Rising Sectional Differences

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In 1829, U.S. pulled apart by conflicts among its three main sections:- the Northeast- the South- the West

3SECTION

Northeasterners do not want public land in West sold at low prices

Cheap land attracts workers needed in Northeast factories

Conflicts over States Rights

Westerners want cheap land in the West to attract settlers

Continued . . .

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3SECTION

Northeast, West back internal improvement such as roads, canals

South opposes internal improvement funded by tariffs on imports

Aids transportation of food, raw materials, manufactured goods

Northeast supports tariffs, encourages purchase of domestic products

South opposes tariffs, economy depends on foreign trade

Continued Rising Sectional Differences

Tariff of Abominations

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3SECTION

At end of John Quincy Adamss presidency, Congress passes tariff bill

Angered by tariff bill, southerners call it Tariff of Abominations

Significantly raises tariffs on raw materials, manufactured goods

Southerners claim Northeast interests control government policies

Crisis over Nullification

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3SECTION

Vice-president John C. Calhoun creates doctrine of nullification: - state has right to reject federal law it

considers unconstitutional- any state can nullify (reject) a federal law

within its borders- Congress has no right to pass tariff favoring

one area of nation

Calhoun hopes doctrine will stop South Carolina from leaving the Union

Doctrine gives South Carolina the right to nullify the tariff

The States Right Debate

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3SECTION

Senate debates doctrine of nullification, Webster-Hayne debate (1830)

President Andrew Jackson opposes nullification

Senator Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, opposes nullification:- the people not the states make the Union

Senator Robert Y. Hayne, South Carolina, supports nullification: - gives states a lawful way to defend their

freedom

Daniel Webster

Robert Hayne

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3SECTION

Congress reduces tariff (1832), Southerners not satisfied

Andrew Jackson says he will enforce federal laws

South Carolina threatens secessionwithdrawal from the Union

Congress passes compromise tariff (1833), South Carolina stays in Union

South Carolina Threatens to Secede

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Section 4

Prosperity and PanicJacksons policies caused the economy to collapse after he left office and affected the next election.

Mr. Biddles Bank

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The Second Bank of the United States, most powerful bank in country

4SECTION

Policies of Banks president, Nicholas Biddle, controls nations money

Prosperity and Panic

Andrew Jackson thinks bank has too much power, favors the wealthy

In 1832, Biddle asks Congress to renew the banks charter

Jacksons War on the Bank

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4SECTION

Andrew Jackson vetoes renewal of banks charter

In his second term, Jackson sets out to destroy the bank

Claims bank is unconstitutional, a monopoly that favors the few

Biddle fights back, makes it harder for people to borrow money

Has government funds deposited in state banks

Bank goes out of business, economy suffers

Prosperity Becomes Panic

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4SECTION

People take out loans, banks issue too much paper money

Causes inflationan increase in prices and decrease in money value

Makes each dollar worth less, prices rise

Jackson leaves office, nation has a false prosperity

Continued . . .

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Next president, Martin Van Buren, takes office, economic panic spreads

People demand gold, silver in exchange for paper money, banks run out

Fear about economy known as Panic of 1837

Continued Prosperity Becomes Panic

Banks default, severe economic slump, or depression, follows

90 percent of factories in East close, people go hungry

The Rise of the Whig Party

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4SECTION

Senators Henry Clay, Daniel Webster want government to help economy

At next election, Van Buren faces new political party, the Whig Party

Martin Van Buren disagrees, economy will improve if left alone

Choose William Henry Harrison to run for president

Whigs oppose concentration of power in the president

Choose John Tyler to run for vice-president

The Election of 1840

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4SECTION

William Henry Harrison appeals to common people, wins 1840 election

First president to die in office Dies one month after being inaugurated

Vice-president John Tyler becomes president

Advanced US History Mr. Sarver

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