the abcs of the usa the abcs of the usa 21st century college english: book 3 unit 5: text a

The ABCs The ABCs

of the USAof the USA

The ABCs The ABCs

of the USAof the USA

21st Century College English: Book 321st Century College English: Book 3

Unit 5: Text AUnit 5: Text AUnit 5: Text AUnit 5: Text A

• Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

• Text OrganizationText Organization

• Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

• Language PointsLanguage Points

• Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

Unit 5: Text AUnit 5: Text A

The ABCs of the USAThe ABCs of the USA

Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions

1. Nowadays many people are surging into America, 1. Nowadays many people are surging into America, how will you comment on this?how will you comment on this?

2. How do you know about America? What do think of 2. How do you know about America? What do think of this country?this country?

3. If you were given the chance to choose a foreign 3. If you were given the chance to choose a foreign country to live, will you choose America? Why or why country to live, will you choose America? Why or why not?not?

Text OrganizationText Organization

I.I. Bring about the main focus of the text and make Bring about the main focus of the text and make clear that the author comes form Britain while clear that the author comes form Britain while his wife is all-American.his wife is all-American.

I.I. Bring about the main focus of the text and make Bring about the main focus of the text and make clear that the author comes form Britain while clear that the author comes form Britain while his wife is all-American.his wife is all-American.

II.II. Explanation of America. (In an A-to-Z list to Explanation of America. (In an A-to-Z list to identify differences between America and other identify differences between America and other countries.) countries.)

II.II. Explanation of America. (In an A-to-Z list to Explanation of America. (In an A-to-Z list to identify differences between America and other identify differences between America and other countries.) countries.)

The ABC of the U.S.A: America, Seen with European EyesThe ABC of the U.S.A: America, Seen with European EyesThe ABC of the U.S.A: America, Seen with European EyesThe ABC of the U.S.A: America, Seen with European Eyes

Paras. 1-2Paras. 1-2Paras. 1-2Paras. 1-2

Paras. 3-28Paras. 3-28Paras. 3-28Paras. 3-28

Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

1)1) The main writing skill in this text is LISTING. There are The main writing skill in this text is LISTING. There are many different way of using listing. The author prefers many different way of using listing. The author prefers an A-to-Z explanation arranged according to the an A-to-Z explanation arranged according to the sequence of alphabetical order. It is equally effective to sequence of alphabetical order. It is equally effective to use numerical order or apply phrases such as “ one of use numerical order or apply phrases such as “ one of the features” and “another feature”.the features” and “another feature”.

2)2) Identifying the writer’s purpose in reading materials:Identifying the writer’s purpose in reading materials:

Some of the clues that you can watch for to help you Some of the clues that you can watch for to help you identify what kind of writing you’re dealing with include:identify what kind of writing you’re dealing with include:

a) Informational wring features facts, observations and a) Informational wring features facts, observations and evidence, not opinions or value judgments. The writer may evidence, not opinions or value judgments. The writer may present theories to explain the facts, but the aim is not so present theories to explain the facts, but the aim is not so much to change the reader’s opinion as it is to clarify a much to change the reader’s opinion as it is to clarify a question or situation.question or situation.

b) Persuasive writing features emotional appeals: b) Persuasive writing features emotional appeals: opinions and arguments, rhetorical questions, evaluating opinions and arguments, rhetorical questions, evaluating language and/or judgmental language.language and/or judgmental language.

c) Texts written mainly to entertain can, of course, be c) Texts written mainly to entertain can, of course, be very varied — but they often use rather informal language, very varied — but they often use rather informal language, simple sentence structure, dialogs, puns and or figures of simple sentence structure, dialogs, puns and or figures of speech.speech.

Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

The ABCs of the USAThe ABCs of the USAAmerican Seen with European EyesAmerican Seen with European Eyes

By Michael DobbsBy Michael Dobbs



Text A:

Language PointsLanguage Points



11 America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My wife America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My wife

and I arrived in the United States in January after seven years and I arrived in the United States in January after seven years

overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the jumble of first

impressions, we compiled an A-to-Z explanation of why America can be

such a foreign country to those who arrive here from Europe.


22 I should explain I should explain at the outset that I am from Britain, but my Florida-

born wife Lisa is as American as apple pie. In our list, however, A doesn't

stand for apple pie. It stands for:

33 Ambition. In the Old World, people are taught to hide it. Here it‘’s quite

proper to announce that you’re after the boss’s job or want to make a

million dollars by the age of 30.

44 Breakfast. The American habit of conducting business at Breakfast. The American habit of conducting business at

breakfast has reached Europe, but I doubt it will ever really breakfast has reached Europe, but I doubt it will ever really catch on.

In France and Britain, breakfast is a family affair.

Here, it’s become part of the power game.


55 Credit Cards. You really can’t leave home without them. It’s Credit Cards. You really can’t leave home without them. It’s

interesting, and somewhat frustrating, to discover that bad credit is interesting, and somewhat frustrating, to discover that bad credit is

better than no credit at all: better than no credit at all:

I was refused a VISA card on the grounds that I didn't have a credit profile.

66 Dreams. The American Dream is still very much alive. Dreaming Dreams. The American Dream is still very much alive. Dreaming

great dreams is what keeps American society going — from the great dreams is what keeps American society going — from the

waitress who wants to become a car waitress who wants to become a car dealer to the street kid who wants to

become a basketball star. Europeans dream dreams too, but don't seem to

believe in them so much.


77 Exercise. A couple of years ago I came to Washington with some Exercise. A couple of years ago I came to Washington with some

French journalists. As our bus passed a health club on the way to the French journalists. As our bus passed a health club on the way to the

hotel, the French visitors cheered hotel, the French visitors cheered at the sight of body-conscious

Americans bending, stretching and leaping around. America's obsession

with physical fitness really amuses — and puzzles —Europeans.

88 First names. First names.

In Europe, people progress in a natural and orderly way from the use of last names to the use of first names. Here, it’s first names at first sight

. This can cause confusion for Europeans. With everyone on a first-name

basis, how can you tell your acquaintances from your friends?



99 Gadgets. These can be Gadgets. These can be addictive. It’s difficult to imagine now how we

survived for so long without automatic ice machines and microwave ovens.

1010 Hardware Stores. If I Hardware Stores. If I were in charge of arranging the programs of

visiting delegations from less-developed countries, I’d include a compulsory

visit to a hardware store. These temples of American capitalism reveal a

whole range of American values, from the do-it-yourself pioneer spirit

through a love of comfort that absolutely astonishes most foreigners.

1111 Insurance. Insurance.

Americans have policies to cover every possible risk, no matter how remote. So far, we’ve refused supplementary insurance for our car radio, death insurance for our mortgage and accident insurance for our cat. It gives us a feeling of living dangerously.

1212 Junk food. Anyone who wants to understand why Americans Junk food. Anyone who wants to understand why Americans

suffer from higher rates of cancer and heart disease only has to suffer from higher rates of cancer and heart disease only has to

look at what they eat. look at what they eat.

1313 Ketchup. I had to come to America to discover that it can be eaten Ketchup. I had to come to America to discover that it can be eaten

with anything — from French fries to French cheese.with anything — from French fries to French cheese.


1414 Lines. American lines — beginning Lines. American lines — beginning with the yellow line at immigration control — are the most orderly in the world. The British queue, once internationally renowned, has begun to decay in recent years. The French queue was never very impressive, and the Italian line is simply a mob.

1515 Money. In Europe, everybody likes money, but Money. In Europe, everybody likes money, but no one shows it off. Unless it’s been in the family for several generations, there’s often an assumption that it was acquired dishonestly. In America, no one cares how you got it.


1616 No smoking. No longer just a polite request in America, this No smoking. No longer just a polite request in America, this phrase has become the law. Nobody would dare ask a Frenchman to phrase has become the law. Nobody would dare ask a Frenchman to put out his Galoise in a restaurant.put out his Galoise in a restaurant.

1717 Oliver North. What other major Western democracy lets army officers take over foreign policy? A hero for some, a traitor for others, Ollie (see First Names) is an example of an American recklessness that awes and alarms Europeans.

1818 Patriots. They exist everywhere, of course, but the American Patriots. They exist everywhere, of course, but the American version is louder and more self-conscious than the European. In version is louder and more self-conscious than the European. In Britain, it's taken for granted that politicians love their country. Here, Britain, it's taken for granted that politicians love their country. Here, they're expected to prove it.they're expected to prove it.


1919 Quiet. American cities are quieter than European cities — thanks Quiet. American cities are quieter than European cities — thanks to noise controls on automobiles and to recent environmental to noise controls on automobiles and to recent environmental legislation. This was a major surprise for someone legislation. This was a major surprise for someone brought up to assume that America was a noisy place.

2020 Religion. The idea of putting preachers on TV is alarming to Religion. The idea of putting preachers on TV is alarming to Europeans. It’s even more alarming to Europeans. It’s even more alarming to see them in action.

2121 Sales. Ever since arriving in Washington, Sales. Ever since arriving in Washington, we’ve been hurrying to take advantage of this week’s unrepeatable offer, only to discover that it’s usually repeated next week. We’re just catching on that there’s always an excuse for a sale.


2222 Television. That grown-ups can watch game shows and sitcoms Television. That grown-ups can watch game shows and sitcoms

at 11 AM amazes me — but the national habit, day or night, is at 11 AM amazes me — but the national habit, day or night, is

contagious. I recently found myself nodding in agreement with a professor

who was saying that American kids watch too much television. Then I

realized that I was watching him say this on television.

2323 Ulcers. See Work.Ulcers. See Work.


2424 Visas. Americans don’t need visas to visit Britain (or most Visas. Americans don’t need visas to visit Britain (or most

European countries, European countries, for that matter). To enter the United States, I had to

sign a document promising that I would not overthrow the government

by force and had no criminal record. One wonders if many terrorists and

criminals answer “yes” on these questionnaires.

2525 Work. People in less developed countries often imagine that they Work. People in less developed countries often imagine that they

can become rich simply by emigrating to America. But America can become rich simply by emigrating to America. But America

became a wealthy society through work, work and more work. It’s still became a wealthy society through work, work and more work. It’s still

true.true.


2626 X-rated movies. We have them in Europe too, but not on motel-room TVs.

2727 Yuppies. The European counterpart remains a pale shadow of the all-American original. The animal seems more ambitious, and more common, on this side of the Atlantic.

2828 Zillion. What other nation would invent a number that’s infinitely Zillion. What other nation would invent a number that’s infinitely more than a billion? America may not always be the best, but it more than a billion? America may not always be the best, but it certainly certainly thinks big.


jumblejumble

—— n.n. a confused or untidy group of things a confused or untidy group of things

e.ge.g..

• the the jumblejumble which covers the surface of the desk which covers the surface of the desk

• He found an untidy He found an untidy jumblejumble of things in the drawer. of things in the drawer.

at the outsetat the outset

— — at the beginningat the beginning

e.g.e.g.

• You should explain this to him You should explain this to him at the outsetat the outset..

• At the outsetAt the outset of his career, he didnof his career, he didn''t earn very much t earn very much

money.money.

as American as apple pieas American as apple pie

— — typically American typically American

Since Since apple pieapple pie is a common dessert in the U.S.A, this is a common dessert in the U.S.A, this comparison emphasizes that Lisa, the writer's wife, is a comparison emphasizes that Lisa, the writer's wife, is a typical American.typical American.

stand forstand for— — represent; meanrepresent; mean

e.g.e.g.

• The olive branch The olive branch stands forstands for peace. peace.

• The abbreviation NSPCC The abbreviation NSPCC stands forstands for National Society National Society

for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

ambitionambition—— nn. strong desire for success, power, money, etc.. strong desire for success, power, money, etc.

e.g.e.g.

• That politician is full of That politician is full of ambitionambition..

• Too much Too much ambitionambition caused John to act selfishly caused John to act selfishly..

AmbitionAmbition also means the desire eventually to become or also means the desire eventually to become or do something special.do something special.

Examples:Examples:

Her lifelong Her lifelong ambition ambition was to be a teacher.was to be a teacher.

He has always had an He has always had an ambitionambition to go to New York. to go to New York.

afterafter— — prep.prep. in search of; with a desire for in search of; with a desire for

e.g.e.g.

• I'm I'm afterafter a tie to go with this shirt. a tie to go with this shirt.

• I'm sure she's I'm sure she's afterafter my husband. my husband.

catch oncatch on—— 1. become popular 1. become popular 流行起来流行起来

2. understand 2. understand 懂得懂得 , , 理解理解

e.g.e.g.

• Will helicopters ever Will helicopters ever catch oncatch on as a common mode of as a common mode of transport?transport?

• The best thing about this new worker is that he The best thing about this new worker is that he catches oncatches on very fast very fast..

• The second time the teacher explained the problem, The second time the teacher explained the problem, the boy the boy caught oncaught on. .

Key:Key:

• That new song That new song caught oncaught on quickly. quickly.

Translation:Translation:

那首新歌很快流行了起来那首新歌很快流行了起来 ..

catch oncatch on—— 1. become popular 1. become popular 流行起来流行起来

2. understand 2. understand 懂得懂得 , , 理解理解

Key:Key:

• That new song That new song caught oncaught on quickly. quickly.

Translation:Translation:

那首新歌很快流行了起来那首新歌很快流行了起来 ..

Here, it's become part of the Here, it's become part of the power gamepower game..

power gamepower game

— — a situation in which different people or groups are a situation in which different people or groups are competing for powercompeting for power

Paraphrase Paraphrase

??

KeyKey• Here in America, breakfast has become one of the Here in America, breakfast has become one of the

activities in the competition for power.activities in the competition for power.

I was refused a I was refused a VISAVISA card on the grounds that I didn't card on the grounds that I didn't have a credit profile.have a credit profile.

VISAVISA 威世信用卡（美国的一种购物信用卡）威世信用卡（美国的一种购物信用卡）

Visa InternationalVisa International is a credit card and payment system is a credit card and payment system company based in Foster City, near San Francisco, Calicompany based in Foster City, near San Francisco, California, U.S.A. fornia, U.S.A. VisaVisa is the world's largest consumer pay is the world's largest consumer payment company, with more than 500 million cards issued ment company, with more than 500 million cards issued and more than half of the world's market in transactionand more than half of the world's market in transactions. s. VisaVisa is collectively owned by more than 20,000 memb is collectively owned by more than 20,000 member financial institutions around the world. These instituer financial institutions around the world. These institutions issue Visa cards, and each establishes the terms thtions issue Visa cards, and each establishes the terms that it will offer to consumers, such as rates and fees.at it will offer to consumers, such as rates and fees.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

credit profilecredit profile

— — a short description of a person's reputation in a short description of a person's reputation in money mattersmoney matters


I was refused a VISA card on the grounds that I didn't I was refused a VISA card on the grounds that I didn't have a have a credit profilecredit profile..

e.g.e.g.

• His request was disallowed His request was disallowed on the grounds thaton the grounds that he he was not a full member of the club.was not a full member of the club.

• He was always declining their invitations He was always declining their invitations on the on the grounds ofgrounds of ill health. ill health.

ParaphraseParaphrase

??KeyKey• I failed to get a VISA card because I didn't have I failed to get a VISA card because I didn't have

anything in the written form to prove my credit. anything in the written form to prove my credit.

I was refused a VISA card I was refused a VISA card on the groundson the grounds that I didn't that I didn't have a credit profile.have a credit profile.

on the grounds thaton the grounds that

— because 根据 , 以…为理由

dealerdealer—— nn.. a person whose business involves buying and selling a person whose business involves buying and selling

商人；证券经纪人商人；证券经纪人

CompareCompare:: dealer dealer andand businessmanbusinessman

Both a Both a dealerdealer and a and a businessmanbusinessman are people doing are people doing business, but a business, but a dealerdealer is a trader who handles a certain is a trader who handles a certain type of goods and has a specialized knowledge of these type of goods and has a specialized knowledge of these goods, while a goods, while a businessmanbusinessman is a person who not only is a person who not only works in business, but also is the manager of a company.works in business, but also is the manager of a company.

Examples:Examples:

• a used-car dealera used-car dealer

• a dealer in antiquea dealer in antique （（古董古董）） furniturefurniture

• He was a successful businessman before becoming a wHe was a successful businessman before becoming a writer.riter.

the French visitors cheeredthe French visitors cheered at the sight of at the sight of body-consciousbody-conscious Americans bending, stretching and leaping aroundAmericans bending, stretching and leaping around

at the sight ofat the sight of —— as soon as seeing (sth. or sb.) as soon as seeing (sth. or sb.) 一见之下一见之下 ; ; 立即立即

e.g.e.g.• Jane fainted Jane fainted at the sight ofat the sight of blood. blood.• The child laughed The child laughed at the sight ofat the sight of the clockwork toy.the clockwork toy.


the French visitors cheeredthe French visitors cheered at the sight ofat the sight of body-conscious body-conscious Americans bending, stretching and leaping aroundAmericans bending, stretching and leaping around

The combining form — The combining form — consciousconscious is used to combine is used to combine with words such as “safety”, “energy”, “weight”, with words such as “safety”, “energy”, “weight”, “figure”, “health”, etc. to form compounds which “figure”, “health”, etc. to form compounds which indicate that a person thinks this particular aspect of a indicate that a person thinks this particular aspect of a situation is important, and is aware of or worried about situation is important, and is aware of or worried about it.it.e.g.e.g.

• We have to be very We have to be very safety-conscioussafety-conscious with this sort of with this sort of machine.machine.

• He is so He is so weight-consciousweight-conscious — I've never seen anyone so — I've never seen anyone so careful careful about what they eat.about what they eat.

obsessionobsession

—— n. a fixed idea from which the mind cannot be freed n. a fixed idea from which the mind cannot be freed

e.g.e.g.

• Taylor's fascination with bees developed into an Taylor's fascination with bees developed into an obseobsessionssion..

• His His obsessionobsession with motorbikes infuriates with motorbikes infuriates （激怒）（激怒） his his wife.wife.

In Europe, people progress in a natural and orderly way In Europe, people progress in a natural and orderly way from the use of last names to the use of first names. Here, from the use of last names to the use of first names. Here, it's first names at first sight.it's first names at first sight.

In Europe, people use last names in talking to each other In Europe, people use last names in talking to each other when they first meet and don't yet know each other well, when they first meet and don't yet know each other well, and then, unconsciously and step by step, they begin to and then, unconsciously and step by step, they begin to use first names as they get to know each other better. use first names as they get to know each other better. But here in America, people use first names even when But here in America, people use first names even when they meet for the first time.they meet for the first time.

TranslationTranslation??

Key:Key:

• 在欧洲，人们从用姓到用名，有一个自然有序发展在欧洲，人们从用姓到用名，有一个自然有序发展的过程，在这儿的过程，在这儿 ,, 第一次见面就直呼其名。第一次见面就直呼其名。

addictiveaddictive

— — a. causing a person to be so used to sth. that the person a. causing a person to be so used to sth. that the person cannot stop using itcannot stop using it

e.g.e.g.

• CocaineCocaine （可卡因）（可卡因） and nicotineand nicotine （尼古丁）（尼古丁） are are addictiveaddictive substancessubstances..

• The problem with PC games is that they are The problem with PC games is that they are addictiveaddictive..

be in charge ofbe in charge of

—— be responsible forbe responsible for

e.g.e.g.

• Mr. Smith isMr. Smith is in charge ofin charge of this project.this project.

• Who will Who will be in charge ofbe in charge of the department when David the department when David leaves?leaves?

do-it-yourself do-it-yourself

—— the activity of making or repairing things oneself, the activity of making or repairing things oneself, instead of paying workmeninstead of paying workmen

e.g.e.g.

• The popularity of The popularity of do-it-yourself (DIY)do-it-yourself (DIY) has put a lot of has put a lot of decorators out of business.decorators out of business.

• A new A new DIYDIY store has just opened. store has just opened.

Americans have policies to cover every possible risk, no Americans have policies to cover every possible risk, no matter how remote. matter how remote.

policy

— n. a document which shows the agreement one has made with an insurance company

remote

— a. (of a possibility, etc) very unlikely to happen; slight

Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese

??

KeyKey

• 美国人对每一种可能的风险都买保险，无论那种风险多么美国人对每一种可能的风险都买保险，无论那种风险多么微小。微小。

mortgagemortgage

—— n. n. 抵押；抵押贷款抵押；抵押贷款—— vt. use (one's land or house) as a guarantee to the lending instituvt. use (one's land or house) as a guarantee to the lending institu

tion in order to borrow money from it tion in order to borrow money from it 抵押抵押

e.g.e.g.

• We had a party when we made the last payment on We had a party when we made the last payment on our home our home mortgagemortgage..

• I I mortgaged mortgaged the house so my children could go to the house so my children could go to college.college.

the yellow the yellow lineline at immigration control at immigration control

the line marked in yellow at international airports in the line marked in yellow at international airports in the U.S.A. for people to stand along and have their the U.S.A. for people to stand along and have their passports checked by immigration officerspassports checked by immigration officers

Note that the word Note that the word lineline in the sentence is used in two in the sentence is used in two different meanings. Here it is a long, thin mark drawn different meanings. Here it is a long, thin mark drawn or painted on a surface, but in “or painted on a surface, but in “American linesAmerican lines” it ” it means a queue, or a number of people standing one means a queue, or a number of people standing one behind another forming a continuous row.behind another forming a continuous row.


the yellow line at the yellow line at immigrationimmigration control control

immigrationimmigration

— — n. the coming of people into a country in order to n. the coming of people into a country in order to work or settle there work or settle there

Compare:Compare: migration, emigration migration, emigration andand immigration immigration

MigrationMigration refers to the movement of numbers of refers to the movement of numbers of people or creatures from place to placepeople or creatures from place to place ，， emigrationemigration means leaving one's country to live in another, while means leaving one's country to live in another, while immigrationimmigration is the process of coming into a new is the process of coming into a new country to live.country to live.

e.g.e.g.

• The biologist studied the route of the birds'The biologist studied the route of the birds' migratiomigrationn..

• The researcher examined the effects of The researcher examined the effects of migrationmigration on on refugees.refugees.

• The persecuted (The persecuted ( 受迫害的受迫害的 ) family looked forward to ) family looked forward to emigrationemigration..

• There are strict limits on There are strict limits on immigrationimmigration into the count into the country.ry.

queuequeue

—— n. a line of people waiting (for a bus, to be served, to enter a n. a line of people waiting (for a bus, to be served, to enter a plplace, etc.) ace, etc.) —— vi. form or join a line vi. form or join a line 排队排队 (( 等候等候 ))

e.g.e.g.

• A A queuequeue of customers waited for the bank to open.of customers waited for the bank to open.

• The tourists The tourists queuedqueued up in front of the palace. up in front of the palace.

no one shows it offno one shows it off

show offshow off—— try to impress people and make them admire your ability, try to impress people and make them admire your ability,

achievements, or possessionsachievements, or possessions

show sth. offshow sth. off—— show sth. to a lot of people because you are very proud of ishow sth. to a lot of people because you are very proud of i

tt

e.g.e.g.

• Pay no attention to Susan — she’s just Pay no attention to Susan — she’s just showing offshowing off..

• Peter was keen to Peter was keen to show offshow off his new car. his new car.

assumptionassumption

—— n.n. 1. sth. that is taken as true without proof 1. sth. that is taken as true without proof 假定；臆断假定；臆断2. the taking (of power or responsibility) 2. the taking (of power or responsibility) 夺取；篡夺夺取；篡夺

e.g.e.g.

• People often make People often make assumptionsassumptions that turn out to be that turn out to be false.false.

• My My assumptionassumption was that you would remember the was that you would remember the appointment, so I didn't remind you.appointment, so I didn't remind you.

• The rebel's sudden The rebel's sudden assumptionassumption of power shocked the of power shocked the whole nation.whole nation.

Oliver NorthOliver North

—— 奥利弗奥利弗 ·· 诺斯诺斯

Oliver NorthOliver North was former military aide to the US National Security was former military aide to the US National Security Council, whose name became a household word over the course Council, whose name became a household word over the course of the Iran-Contra Affair, American political scandal of 1985 and of the Iran-Contra Affair, American political scandal of 1985 and 1986, in which high-ranking members in the administration of 1986, in which high-ranking members in the administration of President Ronald Reagan arranged for the secret sales of arms to President Ronald Reagan arranged for the secret sales of arms to Iran in direct violation of existing United States laws. The dual Iran in direct violation of existing United States laws. The dual goal was to better American relations with Iran and obtain release goal was to better American relations with Iran and obtain release of American hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian terrorists. of American hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian terrorists. Profits from the $30 million in arms sales went to the Nicaraguan Profits from the $30 million in arms sales went to the Nicaraguan right wing right wing ““contracontra” ” guerrillas to supply arms. guerrillas to supply arms. NorthNorth was was instrumental in setting up a covered network for providing instrumental in setting up a covered network for providing support to the contras with ship, airplanes, airfield, and secret support to the contras with ship, airplanes, airfield, and secret bank accountsbank accounts..

bring upbring up

—— nurture and educate (a child) nurture and educate (a child) 养育养育 ; ; 教育教育

e.g.e.g.

• When their parents died, an aunt When their parents died, an aunt brought brought themthem up up..

• David was David was brought upbrought up to respect teachers. to respect teachers.

see them in actionsee them in action

If you see someone or something in action, you see If you see someone or something in action, you see them doing the job or activity that they are trained or them doing the job or activity that they are trained or designed to do.designed to do.

Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese

??KeyKey

• 看到他们真的上了电视看到他们真的上了电视

e.g.e.g.• exciting photos of ski jumpers exciting photos of ski jumpers in actionin action• I’d like to see the new computer system I’d like to see the new computer system in actionin action..

Ever since arriving in Washington, we’ve been hurrying to Ever since arriving in Washington, we’ve been hurrying to take take advantage ofadvantage of this week's unrepeatable offer, only to discover this week's unrepeatable offer, only to discover that it's usually repeated next week that it's usually repeated next week

take advantage oftake advantage of

— — make use of; profit from make use of; profit from 利用利用


e.g.e.g.

• You should You should take advantage oftake advantage of the low prices and buy. the low prices and buy.

• The government's complicated tax rules The government's complicated tax rules take take advantage ofadvantage of the people who don't understand them. the people who don't understand them.

Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese??

only to do sth.only to do sth.

— — to do sth. as a disappointing or surprising resultto do sth. as a disappointing or surprising result

KeyKey

• 自从到达华盛顿以后，我们总是急匆匆地赶去享受本自从到达华盛顿以后，我们总是急匆匆地赶去享受本周的一次性削价优惠，结果却发现下周又会出现这种周的一次性削价优惠，结果却发现下周又会出现这种优惠。优惠。

Ever since arriving in Washington, we’ve been hurrying to take Ever since arriving in Washington, we’ve been hurrying to take advantage of this week's unrepeatable offer, advantage of this week's unrepeatable offer, only to discoveronly to discover that it's usually repeated next week that it's usually repeated next week

e.g.e.g.

• Scott arrived at the South Pole Scott arrived at the South Pole only to findonly to find that that Amundsen had got there before him.Amundsen had got there before him.

More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do



Rewrite each of the following sentences, using an “Rewrite each of the following sentences, using an “only + to only + to infinitiveinfinitive” clause. ” clause. (Ex. X)(Ex. X)

1.1. After driving all night we got to Amy's place, and After driving all night we got to Amy's place, and

then we unexpectedly discovered that she was away then we unexpectedly discovered that she was away

for the weekend.for the weekend.

We drove all night [to get] to Amy’s place, We drove all night [to get] to Amy’s place, only to only to

discoverdiscover that she was away for the weekend. that she was away for the weekend.




2.2. He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, and He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, and

then he unexpectedly resigned from his job soon after then he unexpectedly resigned from his job soon after

he'd received it.he'd received it.

He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only only

to resignto resign from his job soon after he’d received it. from his job soon after he’d received it.




3.3. He spent four years getting a degree, and then he was He spent four years getting a degree, and then he was

surprised to learn that there were no jobs for surprised to learn that there were no jobs for

graduates.graduates.

He spent for years getting a degree, He spent for years getting a degree, only to learnonly to learn

that there were no jobs for graduates.that there were no jobs for graduates.




4.4. I hurried to the shop, and then was surprised to find I hurried to the shop, and then was surprised to find

it was closed.it was closed.

I hurried to the shop I hurried to the shop only to findonly to find it was closed. it was closed.




5.5. Scott arrived at the South Pole on January 18th, and Scott arrived at the South Pole on January 18th, and

then unexpectedly found that Amudsen had got there then unexpectedly found that Amudsen had got there

before him.before him.

Scott arrived at the South Pole on January 18th, Scott arrived at the South Pole on January 18th,

only to findonly to find that Amudsen had got there before that Amudsen had got there before

him.him.



6.6. I raced home to tell my family the good news, and I raced home to tell my family the good news, and

then unexpectedly fell down the stairs and broke my then unexpectedly fell down the stairs and broke my

leg.leg.

I raced home to tell my family the good news, I raced home to tell my family the good news, only only

to fallto fall down the stairs and break my leg. down the stairs and break my leg.

contagiouscontagious

— — a. 1.a. 1. (of a feeling or attitude) spreading quickly fr(of a feeling or attitude) spreading quickly from om person to person person to person ((情绪等情绪等 ))感染性的感染性的2.2. (of a disease) that can spread from person to (of a disease) that can spread from person to

person person ((疾病疾病 ))传染的传染的

e.g.e.g.

• Laughter is often Laughter is often contagiouscontagious..

• The flu is a highly The flu is a highly contagiouscontagious disease disease..

in agreement within agreement with

—— 同意，赞同同意，赞同

e.g.e.g.

• The business partners were never The business partners were never in agreement within agreement with each other about marketing strategies.each other about marketing strategies.

• As to this matter, I'm As to this matter, I'm inin complete complete agreement withagreement with you. you.

e.g.e.g.• I'm going to bed early, and so I'm going to bed early, and so for that matterfor that matter should should

you (= you should also).you (= you should also).

• Don't talk like that to your mother — or to anyone Don't talk like that to your mother — or to anyone else else for that matterfor that matter (= nor to anyone else either). (= nor to anyone else either).

for that matterfor that matter

— — (used to show that a statement is true in another (used to show that a statement is true in another situation or that it can also refer to another person)situation or that it can also refer to another person)

e.g.e.g.• The soldiers took the castle The soldiers took the castle by forceby force..

• The police had to scatter the crowd The police had to scatter the crowd by forceby force..

by forceby force

— — by fierce or violent means by fierce or violent means 用武力或强迫手段用武力或强迫手段

X-rated moviesX-rated movies

— — movies having a rating of X, movies that are relating to or movies having a rating of X, movies that are relating to or characterized by explicit sexual material or activity, characterized by explicit sexual material or activity, produced for exhibition or viewing by adult audiences produced for exhibition or viewing by adult audiences

Today the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rates films to Today the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rates films to

provide guidance to viewers about what kind of material the movie is provide guidance to viewers about what kind of material the movie is

likely to contain. There are five ratings. “G” (General) indicates that the likely to contain. There are five ratings. “G” (General) indicates that the

film is suitable for all ages. “PG” (Parental Guidance) means that some film is suitable for all ages. “PG” (Parental Guidance) means that some

material may be inappropriate for children. “PG-13” means that some material may be inappropriate for children. “PG-13” means that some

material may be unsuitable for children under age 13. “R” (Restricted) material may be unsuitable for children under age 13. “R” (Restricted)

means that anyone under age 17 must be accompanied by a parent or means that anyone under age 17 must be accompanied by a parent or

adult guardian. “NC-17” (No Children under 17) means that no one adult guardian. “NC-17” (No Children under 17) means that no one

under age 17 is admitted.under age 17 is admitted.

YuppiesYuppies

—— n.n. 雅皮士雅皮士 (Young Urban Professional(Young Urban Professional 的缩写，的缩写，即城市即城市职业阶层中的年轻人士职业阶层中的年轻人士 ))

Yuppies Yuppies usually have a derogative meaning of a young usually have a derogative meaning of a young

middle-class professional person working in a city. It imiddle-class professional person working in a city. It i

s an acronyms an acronym （首字母缩合词）（首字母缩合词） and derivationand derivation （派（派生词）生词） of of ““young urban professionalsyoung urban professionals””..

The European counterpart remains The European counterpart remains a pale shadow ofa pale shadow of the all-American original.the all-American original.

be a (pale) shadow ofbe a (pale) shadow of

— be less powerful or influential or effective than


e.g.e.g.

• The new minister The new minister is a pale shadow ofis a pale shadow of his his predecessor.predecessor.

• She used to be a great player, but now sheShe used to be a great player, but now she's's only only a a shadow ofshadow of her former self. her former self.

originaloriginal

— — a.a. a thing from which another is copied, imitated a thing from which another is copied, imitated or or translated translated

ParapraseParaprase

??

KeyKey

• The European yuppies are much less impressive than The European yuppies are much less impressive than the typical yuppies of America where they originated.the typical yuppies of America where they originated.

The European counterpart remains a pale shadow of The European counterpart remains a pale shadow of the all-American the all-American originaloriginal..

e.g.e.g.

• The The original original of this painting is in Rome.of this painting is in Rome.

• I shall keep the I shall keep the originaloriginal of this report. You can of this report. You can have have a photocopy if you want.a photocopy if you want.

think bigthink big

—— have ambitious ideashave ambitious ideas

e.g.e.g.

• He certainly He certainly thinks bigthinks big, but rarely takes any action., but rarely takes any action.

• Traditionally, one is expected to be modest rather than Traditionally, one is expected to be modest rather than think bigthink big..

Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• Vocabulary

• Cloze

• Translation

• Structure Writing

The ABCs of the USAThe ABCs of the USA

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. III, p. 139Ex. III, p. 139《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. III, p. 139Ex. III, p. 139

Exercises Exercises • • VocabularyVocabulary

1.1. Politicians are always promising to introduce __________ to Politicians are always promising to introduce __________ to raise salaries and lower taxes.raise salaries and lower taxes.

VocabularyVocabulary

2.2. The new poetry collection was __________ from a wide The new poetry collection was __________ from a wide variety of sources and includes poems from twelve countries variety of sources and includes poems from twelve countries and seven centuries. and seven centuries.

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

legislation

compiled

compile ambition orderly confusion acquaintance supplement

renowned impressive assumption amuse legislation emigrate

3.3. Every culture is full of beliefs and __________ that most Every culture is full of beliefs and __________ that most people never question until they come into contact with people never question until they come into contact with another culture.another culture.


4.4. Many people who __________ to America in hopes of Many people who __________ to America in hopes of becoming rich are surprised at how hard they have to work.becoming rich are surprised at how hard they have to work.

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. form where necessary.

emigrate

assumptions



5. He has a wide circle of ______________ but very few close friends.


6. She's a __________ tennis player, but her real __________ is to become a writer.


acquaintances

renowned



ambition

7. To avoid __________, you'd better start by explaining the whole idea from beginning to end in an __________ way.




8. When you take a small child on a long trip, you need to bring lots of books and toys to keep him or her __________.


confusion

amused

orderly

9. Most visitors to Shanghai find it a very __________________ city.


10. They teach at night school to __________ their income, which otherwise wouldn't be sufficient to live on.


impressive/amusing

supplement



《读写教程《读写教程 IIIIII 》》 :: Ex. XI, p. 144Ex. XI, p. 144《读写教程《读写教程 IIIIII 》》 :: Ex. XI, p. 144Ex. XI, p. 144

ClozeCloze

One of the most striking things aOne of the most striking things about Americans is that they seem bout Americans is that they seem to expect everyone to like them to expect everyone to like them wherever they go. Americans arewherever they go. Americans aren't of course the only people in tn't of course the only people in the world who take he world who take __1____1__ that th that their cultural standards are generaeir cultural standards are generally admiredlly admired——monoculturalism is monoculturalism is typical typical __2____2__ every society in the every society in the world. But it isn't world. But it isn't __3____3__ that Am that Americans seemericans seem

1.1. A. advantageA. advantageB. grantedB. grantedC.C. it as advantageit as advantageD.D. it for grantedit for granted

2.2. A.A. forfor B. ofB. ofC.C. toto D. 0D. 0

3.3. A.A. admirationadmirationB.B. admiringadmiringC.C. to be admiredto be admiredD.D. you to admireyou to admire

DD

BB

AA

Select the most appropriate word from the four choices given. The Select the most appropriate word from the four choices given. The choice choice ““00” ” means that no additional word is appropriate. means that no additional word is appropriate.

ClozeCloze

to expect—they seem to expect to expect—they seem to expect __4____4__. This phenomenon, . This phenomenon, which the rest of the world which the rest of the world finds both amusing and finds both amusing and 5 5 , , may be at least partly may be at least partly 6 6 to to the American definition of the American definition of friendliness. To Americans, friendliness. To Americans, friendliness means friendliness means 7 7 informal and cheerful and informal and cheerful and open to other people, even open to other people, even before you know them before you know them __8____8__ to to be sure you like them. And it's be sure you like them. And it's important to note that important to note that 9 9 real real friendship may certainly arisefriendship may certainly arise

4.4. A.A. being likedbeing likedB.B. to be aliketo be alikeC.C. to be likedto be likedD.D. you likeyou like

5. 5. A. being frustratedA. being frustratedB. frustrateB. frustrateC. frustratedC. frustratedD. frustratingD. frustrating

6.6. A.A. because because B. beingB. beingC.C. having beenhaving been D. to beD. to be

7.7. A. addictionA. addiction B. enthusiasmB. enthusiasmC. enthusiastC. enthusiast D. obsessionD. obsession

8.8. A. as wellA. as well B. enough wellB. enough wellC. enoughC. enough D. well enoughD. well enough

9.9. A. although A. although B. as thoughB. as thoughC. unlessC. unless D. untilD. until

DDCC

BB

DD

AA

CC

ClozeCloze

__10____10__ acting friendly in this acting friendly in this way, Americans do not mistake way, Americans do not mistake __11____11__ being friends. This can, being friends. This can, of course, cause of course, cause 12 12 when when Americans meet people from Americans meet people from more reserved cultures. But if more reserved cultures. But if you consider you consider __13____13__ American American history, it's easier to see where history, it's easier to see where this pattern of behavior comes this pattern of behavior comes from. In the pioneer days, if from. In the pioneer days, if you acted too reserved and you acted too reserved and formal, no one formal, no one __14____14__ any any reason to help you if you got inreason to help you if you got in

10.10. A. fromA. from B. inB. inC. ofC. of D. 0D. 0

11.11. A. asA. as B. inB. inC. toC. to D. forD. for

12. A. confuse12. A. confuseB. confusedB. confusedC. confusingC. confusingD. confusionD. confusion

13. A. about13. A. about B. atB. atC. ofC. of D. 0D. 0

14.14. A. would giveA. would giveB. would haveB. would haveC. would have hadC. would have hadD. would’veD. would’ve

DD

DD

BB

AA

DD

ClozeCloze

trouble (trouble (__15____15__ there was there was plenty of in the pioneer days). plenty of in the pioneer days). Having a wide circle of Having a wide circle of friendly acquaintances was a friendly acquaintances was a key key 16 16 survival, so survival, so ““friendlinessfriendliness” ” became a became a glorified pattern of behavior glorified pattern of behavior that every generation of that every generation of Americans is trained to Americans is trained to _17___17__ in a high degree. They're so in a high degree. They're so good at being friendly good at being friendly – – and it and it works at home works at home – – so Americans'so Americans' __18____18__ is that it will work is that it will work everywhere. everywhere.

15.15. A. and A. and B. thatB. thatC. whichC. which D. 0D. 0

16. A. for16. A. for B. ofB. ofC. toC. to D. 0D. 0

17. A. exhibit17. A. exhibitB. documentB. documentC. profileC. profileD. supplementD. supplement

18.18. A. ambitionA. ambitionB. assumptionB. assumptionC. confusionC. confusionD. obsessionD. obsession

CC

A

B

CC

ClozeCloze

TranslationTranslation Ex. XII Ex. XIII

Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XII, p. 145Ex. XII, p. 145《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XII, p. 145Ex. XII, p. 145


America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the jumble of first impressions, we compiled an A-to-Z jumble of first impressions, we compiled an A-to-Z explanation of why America can be such a foreign country to explanation of why America can be such a foreign country to those who arrive here from Europe.those who arrive here from Europe.

I should explain at the outset that I am from Britain, but I should explain at the outset that I am from Britain, but my Florida-born wife Lisa is as American as apple pie. In our my Florida-born wife Lisa is as American as apple pie. In our list, however, A doesn’t stand for apple pie. It stands for:list, however, A doesn’t stand for apple pie. It stands for:

AmbitionAmbition. In the Old World, people are taught to hide it. . In the Old World, people are taught to hide it. Here it’s quite proper to announce that you’re after the boss’s Here it’s quite proper to announce that you’re after the boss’s job or want to make a million dollars by the age of 30.job or want to make a million dollars by the age of 30.

America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the From the jumble of first impressionsjumble of first impressions, we compiled an A-to-Z , we compiled an A-to-Z explanation of why America can be such a foreign country to explanation of why America can be such a foreign country to those who arrive here from Europe.those who arrive here from Europe.

America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My America can be a strange experience for a foreigner. My wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven wife and I arrived in the United States in January after seven years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. years overseas — four in France, three in Poland. From the From the jumble of first impressions,jumble of first impressions, we compiled an A-to-Z we compiled an A-to-Z explanationexplanation of why America can be such a foreign country to of why America can be such a foreign country to those who arrive here from Europe.those who arrive here from Europe.

从杂乱的初步印象中从杂乱的初步印象中我们编了一套从我们编了一套从 AA 到到 ZZ 的解释的解释

I should explain at the outset that I am from Britain, but I should explain at the outset that I am from Britain, but my Florida-born wife my Florida-born wife Lisa is as American as apple pieLisa is as American as apple pie. In our . In our list, however, A doesn’t stand for apple pie. It stands for:list, however, A doesn’t stand for apple pie. It stands for:

莉萨是个地道的美国人莉萨是个地道的美国人

AmbitionAmbition. In the Old World, people are taught to hide it. . In the Old World, people are taught to hide it. Here it’s quite proper to announce that you’re after the boss’s Here it’s quite proper to announce that you’re after the boss’s job or want to make a million dollars by the age of 30.job or want to make a million dollars by the age of 30.

在这儿，你宣称要谋取上司的职位或者想在在这儿，你宣称要谋取上司的职位或者想在 3030 岁岁前赚到一百万美元也十分正当。前赚到一百万美元也十分正当。


《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 146Ex. XIII, p. 146《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 146Ex. XIII, p. 146


To help foreign investors get a better understanding of Shanghai, they’ve compiled this little guide from the various sources they could find.

1.1. 为了帮助外国投资者更好地了解上海，他们根据能找到的为了帮助外国投资者更好地了解上海，他们根据能找到的各种资料来源汇编了这本上海指南各种资料来源汇编了这本上海指南。

get a better understanding of Shanghai

the various sources they could find

compilecompile


He is the sort of person who prefers to keep his plans to himself until they’re realized.

2.2. 他是在计划实现之后才让大家知道的那种人。他是在计划实现之后才让大家知道的那种人。

keep his plans to himself until they’re realized

He is the sort of person


I came to New York from far away to see him, only to find he had gone abroad two days before.

3.3. 我千里迢迢到纽约来看他，结果却发现他两天前出国了。我千里迢迢到纽约来看他，结果却发现他两天前出国了。

come to New York from far away

only to find


4.4. 现在很难想象没有电、没有电视、没有电话，我们是如何现在很难想象没有电、没有电视、没有电话，我们是如何生存了如此之久的。生存了如此之久的。

It is difficult to imagine now how we’ve survived for so long without electricity, television or telephone.

it is difficult to imaginesurvive


5.5. 只要钱是老老实实赚来的，新政策鼓励人们变得富有。只要钱是老老实实赚来的，新政策鼓励人们变得富有。

The new policy encourages people to become wealthy if the money has been acquired honestly.

acquired honestly

encourage


6.6. 如果我负责这个项目，我会更好地利用现有的资金。如果我负责这个项目，我会更好地利用现有的资金。

If I were in charge of the project, I’d make better use of the money that’s available.

be in charge of

make better use of

the money that is available


He was refused an entry permit on the grounds that he was a dangerous person.

7.7. 他们拒绝给他进入这个国家的签证，理由是他是个危险分他们拒绝给他进入这个国家的签证，理由是他是个危险分子。子。

an entry permit on the grounds that


It didn’t take the teacher long to catch on that Tom always had an excuse for being late with the assignments.


8.8. 老师没有多久就发现老师没有多久就发现 , , 汤姆总有迟交作业的借口。汤姆总有迟交作业的借口。

it didn’t take sb. long to catch on

an excuse for being late with the assignments

Structured WritingStructured Writing

The main writing skill in text A is The main writing skill in text A is LISTINGLISTING.. The author prefers an A-to-Z explanation arranged according to the sequence of alphabetical order. It is equally effective to use numerical order or apply phrases such as “one of the features” and “another feature”, as in the following example.

Sample EssaySample EssaySample EssaySample Essay

Write your ownWrite your ownWrite your ownWrite your own


Shanghai is famous as a paradise for shopping.Shanghai is famous as a paradise for shopping.

One of the features of Shanghai is the number of big stores. They One of the features of Shanghai is the number of big stores. They

are spacious, with many high stories, in which you can buy almost are spacious, with many high stories, in which you can buy almost

anything you want, from a box of matches to a suite of furniture. Most anything you want, from a box of matches to a suite of furniture. Most

of them are very modern, equipped with speedy elevators and of them are very modern, equipped with speedy elevators and

escalators, well-planned lighting, ventilation, and heating. You can escalators, well-planned lighting, ventilation, and heating. You can

spend hours wandering around one of these stores, leisurely spend hours wandering around one of these stores, leisurely

inspecting the items for sale. If you stay in a store so long that you inspecting the items for sale. If you stay in a store so long that you

feel hungry, you need not leave the building, for almost all the big feel hungry, you need not leave the building, for almost all the big

stores have cafes, snack bars or restaurants. stores have cafes, snack bars or restaurants.

Sample EssaySample Essay


Another feature of Shanghai's shopping is the chain-store, in Another feature of Shanghai's shopping is the chain-store, in

which prices are usually lower and a wider variety of items are offered which prices are usually lower and a wider variety of items are offered

––mainly foodstuffs, household items, clothing and stationery. The mainly foodstuffs, household items, clothing and stationery. The

items are displayed on open counters. Most of the chain-stores items are displayed on open counters. Most of the chain-stores

operate on the operate on the ““serve yourselfserve yourself” ” method: you go in, pick up a basket, method: you go in, pick up a basket,

walk round the shop and choose what you want. At the exit there is a walk round the shop and choose what you want. At the exit there is a

checkout lane where you pay for everything at one time. checkout lane where you pay for everything at one time.

Sample EssaySample Essay


Now use the writing technique of Now use the writing technique of LISTINGLISTING to write a to write a

short composition of about 150 words. Here are some ideas short composition of about 150 words. Here are some ideas

you can choose from if you like.you can choose from if you like.

Write Your OwnWrite Your Own

some pieces of advice for English language learningsome pieces of advice for English language learning

some differences between families in China and Americasome differences between families in China and America

some points that foreigners might feel confused about some points that foreigners might feel confused about ChinaChina

some points I have learned from my foreign teachersome points I have learned from my foreign teacher

An A-to-Z explanation of ChinaAn A-to-Z explanation of China


1.1. Review Text AReview Text A

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• ClozeCloze (Ex. XI, p. 144)(Ex. XI, p. 144)

•• Translation Translation ((Ex. XII& XIIIEx. XII& XIII, p. 146), p. 146)

3.3. Structured WritingStructured Writing (p. 148)(p. 148)

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

the abcs of the usa the abcs of the usa 21st century college english: book 3 unit 5: text a

Documents

explanation of america

informal language

usa slide

reading skillswriting

kind of writing youre

main writing skill

reading materials

foreign country