the abcs of cpr

8/3/2019 The ABCs of CPR

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The ABCs: Techniques of

Adult CPR

ABCs of CPR(Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)

MS. AGATHA L. GARCIA, R.N.

November 29, 2008


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Requirements


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Why the Need for CPR Training?

Cardiovascular diseases are

now the leading causes of deathin the country.

Most people die of a heart attackbefore they even reach thehospital.

There are other situations asidefrom heart attack that can leadto cardio-respiratory arrest andtherefore needs CPR

Since these events can occuranytime and anywhere, it is theperson nearest the victim whomay witness this arrest

This person must be able torecognize this emergency andmust be able to institute CPRimmediately.


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This person could be..

YOU!!!

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Chain of Survival

Early Call for Help

Early CPR Early defibrillation

Early medical care


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Action in an Emergency

Is anyone in danger? Move to thequietest victim

first

Open the airway

Check for breathingIf not breathing

If breathing

Look for signs ofcirculation

Continue Rescue

BreathingSTART CPR!!!


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CPR Provides temporary O2 to blood and brain

by external breathing and external chest

compression to the body.

Victims chance of survival drops 7-10%

per minute without CPR from start of

cardiac arrest.

When effective, CPR can provide up to

30% of the normal heart output. Delays cerebral (brain) death while

waiting for other treatments described in

the Chain of Survival.


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Survey the Scene

Survey for safety of the

victim and the rescuer

Look up, down, right, and

left


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Check for Responsiveness

Tap or gently shake the

victim

Are you OK?


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Call for Help!!!

Details of what happened

Number of people injured

Type of illness or injuries

Whether or not person is

breathing

The exact address with

landmarks if possible

A contact phone number


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Airway: Head Tilt Chin Lift

Place one hand on victims forehead

Place fingers of the other hand

under the bony part of the lower jaw

near chin

Tilt head and lift jaw avoid closing

victims mouth


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Jaw Thrust: Head or Neck Injury


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Check for Breathlessness

Maintain open airway

Place you ear over victims mouth and nose

L Look for chest rise

LListen for air movement in your ear

F Feel for breathing on your cheek for5 to 10 seconds


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Breathing: 2 Rescue Breaths

Maintain open airway

Pinch nose

Open your mouth, make a tight seal

around outside of victims mouth

Give 2 slow breaths (1 breath in every

second)

LLF

Allow for exhalation between breaths


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Check for Pulse

Maintain head tilt with one hand onforehead.

Locate Adams Apple with middle and

index finger. Slide finger down into the groove of neck

on side closest to you.

Feel carotid pulse for 5-10 seconds, but

not more than 10 seconds


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Circulation

Locate compression area.

Kneel facing the victims chest.

With middle and index fingers of hand nearest

victims legs, locate lower edge of victims rib cage

on side closest to you Follow rib cage to notch at lower end of beast bone

Position shoulders over hands with elbows locked

and arms straight

Give 30 compression: compress breast bone 1 - 2in.

Compress down and release pressure smoothly,

keeping hand contact with chest at all times


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Adult One-Rescuer CPR

Continue cycles of 30 compressionsfollowed by 2 slow breaths

After 5 cycles of 30:2 (about 2

minutes), check pulse If still with no pulse, continue 30:2

beginning with chest compression

Recheck pulse every two minutes


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Adult Two-Rescuer CPR Rescuer 1

- open airway (head tilt, chin lift)

- check breathing (LLF)

- 2 slow breaths

- check carotid pulse

Rescuer 2

- If no pulse, give cycles of 30 chest compressions

followed by 2 slow breaths by Rescuer 1

- After 1 minute, check pulse.

- If no pulse, continue 30:2 cycle (Rescuer 2 giving 30

compressions, followed by Rescuer 1 giving 2 slow

breaths


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When to Stop CPR?

1. Effective and spontaneous (normal) breathing andcirculation has been restored.

2. Responsibility is assumed by a more senior emergency

medical professional who may determine

unresponsiveness to resuscitation efforts such as aparamedic arriving on the scene or a physician in the

E.R.

3. Recognition of reliable criteria indicating irreversible

death.

4. Rescuer is unable to continue resuscitation due to

exhaustion, the scene is no longer safe, or when

continued resuscitation may place other lives at risk.

5. Presentation of a valid DNAR order to the rescuer.


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CPR: All Together Now

1. Establish scene safety.

2. Determine unresponsiveness.

3. Go get HELP!

4. A Airway Open It! Head Tilt / Chin Lift

5. B Breathing Check for breathing, look, listen, feel for

chest rise with your hand, IF NOT BREATHING, givetwo breaths.

6. C Circulation Is the patient moving? Is he/shemotionless and not breathing? And what is the skincolor?

7. If not moving and no signs of circulation, perform 30compressions on the chest, then give 2 breaths (30:2)

8. Do this for 4 cycles and then recheck for signs ofcirculation.


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