the 1/12/10 earthquake:
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The January 12, 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Building Assessments: The First Step to Recovery
Andre Filiatrault, Ph.D., Eng.Professor, Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering
Director, MCEER (Multidisciplinary Center for EarthquakeEngineering Research)
March 26, 2010
January 15, 2010
MCEER Assembled Interim Emergency Engineering Support Unit (ESSU)• Ten French/Creole-speaking engineers and architects
from various institutions and corporations across the US
• Three earthquake specialists
• Six Haitian natives
• Funded by AIDG
• January 21-28, 2010
ESSU Mission• Set-up building assessment procedure on behalf of the
United Nations
• Provide preliminary structural assessment for remaining standing critical buildings in Port-au-Prince
• Inform responsible parties of recommendations regarding building occupancy
• Report findings to the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)
• Provide supporting documentation
Rapid Building Assessment Procedure (ATC-20)
• US procedure developed by the Applied Technology Council
• Focuses on potential collapse of building, fallinghazards, and other hazards (e.g. geotechnical)
• EESU used standard ATC-20 Evaluation Form
• EESU translated placards in French but did not post them per UN requests
Conventional Posting System
• INSPECTED (Green) Appears safe for lawful occupancy
• LIMITED ENTRY/RESTRICTED USE (Yellow) Limited entry/use, controlled by building owner/manager
• UNSAFE (Red) No entry unless controlled by jurisdiction
INSPECTÉOccupation Permise
Ce bâtiment a été inspecté (ci-dessous) et aucun danger structural apparent ne fût trouvé.
Inspection extérieure seulement
Inspection extérieure et intérieure
Avertir les autorités locales en cas de conditions dangereuses; réinspection peut-être requise
Commentaires:
Nom et adresse du bâtiment:
Heure
(Attention: Répliques après l’inspection peuvent aggraver les dommages et dangers.)Ce bâtiment a été inspecté dans des conditions d’urgence pour:
Inspecteur/ Agence:
Ne pas enlever, altérer ou cacher cette affiche sans l’autorisation des autorités locales
UTILISATION LIMITÉEAttention: Ce bâtiment a été inspecté et des dommages structuraux ont été trouvés tels que décrits ci-dessous:
Heure
Entrée, occupation et utilisation sont limités tels qu’indiqué ci-dessous:
Autres restrictions:
Ne pas pénétrer dans les zones suivantes :
Nom et adresse du bâtiment:
Inspecteur/ Agence:
(Attention: Répliques après l’inspection peuvent aggraver les dommages et dangers.)Ce bâtiment a été inspecté dans des conditions d’urgence pour:
Brève entrée pour accéder aux contenus:
Ne pas enlever, altérer ou cacher cette affiche sans l’autorisation des autorités locales
ACCÈS INTERDITCe bâtiment a été inspecté et des dommages structuraux importants ont été trouvés rendant son accès interdit tels que décrits ci-dessous:
Heure
Autres restrictions:
Nom et adresse du bâtiment:
Inspecteur/ Agence:
Ce bâtiment a été inspecté dans des conditions d’urgence pour:
Brève entrée pour accéder aux contenus:
Ne pas enlever, altérer ou cacher cette affiche sans l’autorisation des autorités locales
Accès interdit sans autorisation spécifique et écrite des autorités locales. Accès peut causer la mort ou des blessures graves
Building Evaluation Requests
• Interim EESU Team created an e-mail account to receive and prioritize building evaluation requests
• E-mail account remains operational and is monitored by MCEER Information Services
• Requests forwarded to United Nations Office for Projects Services (UNOPS) and US Army
Building Assessment Summary (January 21-28)
Total of 115 buildings
• Hospitals/Medical Facilities: 34• UN Office Buildings/Residences: 37• Other private dwellings: 14• Schools/Colleges: 8• Warehouses: 6• Commercial buildings: 5• Orphanages: 2• Government Buildings: 3• Others:6
Assessment Examples
Grace Children Hospital
• Green tagged (safe)
• Minor cracking of masonry walls
• Hospital unused
WFP Shodesoca Warehouse 29
• Yellow tagged (limited use)
• Damage to front walls and columns
• Slight damage to interior columns
• Damage to exterior parapets
• Total storage 1500 Tons of perishable food items
Ministry of Justice Courthouse
• Red tagged (unsafe)
• Complete collapse of 3 story building
• 7 workers from courthouse still missing
• Minister of Justice needed to obtain critical documents
• Assessed the structural integrity of basement entry and cleared for rapid retrieval of critical documents
Impact of Building Assessments
• Cleared approx 12 Hospitals/Medical Facilities
• Numerous private dwellings and apartments
• Several Schools/Colleges
• L’Ouverture Cleary School – 320+ children
• 3 Warehouses (over 6 million pounds of food)
• 3 month time frame before food perishes
• Several commercial buildings
Some Observations
Why Have So Many Buildings Collapsed?
• Unreinforced masonry structures
• Lack of symmetry
• Lack of transverse reinforcement
• Poor quality of concrete
• Reinforcing bars w/o ribs
• Quality of construction
• Lack of building codes
Psychological Impact is Hampering Recovery
Undamaged home in suburban areaUnused
Undamaged DASH Delmas 48 hospital Unused
Lack of Awareness of Obvious Dangers
People walking under unstable roof slab on St-Louis de Gonzague Catholic School Campus
Inappropriate Salvaging of Materials
Tallest and Most Modern (Digicel) Building in Haiti Performed Very Well
Unbelievable Resilience of the People of Haiti
Unbelievable Resilience of the People of Haiti
Challenges for Rebuilding Haiti
• Poverty & illiteracy
• Lack of capacity of Haitian Government
• Who is in charge? (US, Haitian Government, USAID, UN, World Bank)
• Rainy season in May
• Hurricane beginning in Fall
• Future earthquakes
• Design for multiple hazards(earthquake, hurricane, floods)
Opportunity to Transform Haiti
• Reconstruction after disasters as economic engine• 1976 Tangshan Earthquake in China • 1871 Chicago Fire • Etc.
• Overwhelming international support (~2.6B$ to UN)
• Haitian Diaspora (~800,000 in US)
• Resilience of Haitian people
Education and Training is Key to Rebuilding Haiti
Source: Craig Totten, KPFF
Strength Through Unity