Temple of Vestal Virgins, RomTemple of Vestal Virgins, Romee

Corinthia (Corinthia (Purdue Univ., HI101Purdue Univ., HI101))(also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in (also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in

Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra)Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra)

Temple of Saturn, RomeTemple of Saturn, RomeMenatius Minor (Menatius Minor (Lacus Lacus CurtiusCurtius database database))

ForumForumRomanumRomanum (Scribner Library (Scribner Library

database)database)

Roman Forum (panorama)Roman Forum (panorama)

AraAra PacisPacis: Altar of Peace in Rome: Altar of Peace in RomeMalus (Malus (Purdue Univ., HI101Purdue Univ., HI101))

(also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in Rome, (also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra)Temple of Baal in Palmyra)

AraAra PacisPacis exterior exteriorThrax (Thrax (MaecenasMaecenas: : AraAra PacisPacis; ; MaecenasMaecenas

: Images of Greece & Rome: Images of Greece & Rome; ; from from Electronic Resources for ClassicistsElectronic Resources for Classicists))

Roman Temples (Pantheon intRoman Temples (Pantheon interior)erior)

Scintilla (Scintilla (2020site.org2020site.org))

PantheonPantheon(Southern Arkansas Univ. course)(Southern Arkansas Univ. course)

Temple of Jupiter, PompeiiTemple of Jupiter, PompeiiIsis (Isis (Bates College Prof. Bates College Prof. Imber’sImber’s webpageswebpages))

Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii (reconstruction)(reconstruction)

Homerus (Homerus (Beloit College, course on PompeiiBeloit College, course on Pompeii))

Pompeii Forum Pompeii Forum (Scribner Library database)(Scribner Library database)

Temple of Jupiter, Minerva, Temple of Jupiter, Minerva, Juno in Ostia (Juno in Ostia (image 1image 1; ; 22))

Leucothea (Leucothea (VRomaVRoma database database))

Temple, Ostia (reconstruction)Temple, Ostia (reconstruction)Soprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia AnticaSoprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia Antica

Temple of BacchusTemple of BacchusArtemidorus (Artemidorus (“Leading Arab-American Website“Leading Arab-American Website””))

Diana / Artemis of EphesusDiana / Artemis of EphesusCephisia (Cephisia (UMassUMass student paper student paper))

Mithras: initiation/mystery Mithras: initiation/mystery cultscultsOleosa (Oleosa (

Museum of Antiquities, Univ. of NewcastleMuseum of Antiquities, Univ. of Newcastle))

Mithras: initiation/mystery cultsMithras: initiation/mystery cultsSequana (Sequana (PerseusPerseus database database))

Roman ReligionRoman ReligionMythology adopted from GreeceMythology adopted from GreeceState religion: to preserve the State religion: to preserve the res publicares publicaOriginally agricultural, with gods Originally agricultural, with gods responsible for all natural phenomenaresponsible for all natural phenomenaFormalistic rituals with sacrificesFormalistic rituals with sacrificesPart of daily life: worship in homePart of daily life: worship in homeClosely connected to politics and society: Closely connected to politics and society: forum sacred, political, mercantileforum sacred, political, mercantile

Roman ReligionRoman ReligionNot static, absorbing gods from Etruscans, Not static, absorbing gods from Etruscans, Greeks (anthropomorphic deities)Greeks (anthropomorphic deities)Fall of Fall of res publicares publica 1 1stst c. BCE due to neglect c. BCE due to neglect of the godsof the godsAugustus’ revival: massive construction, Augustus’ revival: massive construction, revival of rituals and cultsrevival of rituals and cultsExpansion of empire Expansion of empire increasing contact increasing contact with other cultures and religious syncretismwith other cultures and religious syncretismForeign gods recognized as Roman onesForeign gods recognized as Roman ones

Roman ReligionRoman ReligionCould slaves worship? Benevolent Society Could slaves worship? Benevolent Society of Diana and Antinous, Lanuvium, 136 CE:of Diana and Antinous, Lanuvium, 136 CE:

–Meet once/month, special feasts, ritualsMeet once/month, special feasts, rituals–~Social club offering companionship and ~Social club offering companionship and assurance of decent burialassurance of decent burial–“… “… if a slave member of this society dies … a if a slave member of this society dies … a token funeral ceremony will be held”token funeral ceremony will be held”

Were there limitations? Inscription from Were there limitations? Inscription from altar in Lanuvium:altar in Lanuvium:

–MAVORTIO SACR[?]. HOC SIGNUM A SERVO MAVORTIO SACR[?]. HOC SIGNUM A SERVO TANGI NEFAS EST.TANGI NEFAS EST.–““Sacred(?) to Mars. It is unlawful for this image Sacred(?) to Mars. It is unlawful for this image to be touched by a slave.”to be touched by a slave.”