teacher centered methods

8/2/2019 Teacher Centered Methods

1/31

TEACHER CENTEREDMETHODS

Instructional Methods

Presentation

3/20/2012 1Presented by Dr. D. Bernard-Johnson SOTAVE Feb 2012


2/31

THE DEMONSTRATION METHOD

What is it?

VERBAL EXPLANATION + LIVE DISPLAY

USING APPARATUS/MODELS

= DEMONSTRATION.

TELLING

DEMONSTRATION SHOWING

DOING3/20/2012 2Presented by Dr. D. Bernard-Johnson SOTAVE Feb 2012


3/31

PURPOSE OF DEMONSTRATION

Teaching a skill, concept or principle.

Delicate and dangerous experiments involving

careful manipulation. Experiments involving difficult and complex

operations.

Use of costly apparatus.



4/31

Several experiments are to be performed in one

period to establish connections between them

to derive conclusions.

Number of operations in an experiment are too

many.



5/31

ADVANTAGES

Concrete things are shown. So students dont

enter into false imagination as it happens in a

lecture.

Students get confidence in the application of

scientific principles as they observe them

working and not simply hear about them.



6/31

Motivates the students for further learning.

Number of equipment is less and students aremore, this is an ideal method.

Method is aligned to the principle, Learning ismore in seeing than in hearing; Learning ismore in doing than in seeing and hearing;



7/31

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVEDEMONSTRATION

Specify the objective of the demonstration.

Prepare a plan for your demo listing the various

steps in the proper sequence.



8/31

Decide what information should be presented

to the students BEFORE, DURING and AFTER

THE Demonstration.

Choose appropriate equipment, tools and

other accessories.

Practice or rehearse the presentation.



9/31

Arrange the physical setting so that each

student will be able to see clearly.

Arrange the equipment to be demonstrated in

order. It is convenient to keep the equipment

to be used on the left hand side and the used

ones on the right hand side.



10/31

Demonstrate step by step. match explanationwith manipulation. Avoid lengthy

explanations.

Use a pointer to highlight the details/specificfeatures.

Do not show how Not to do a particular thing.

Provide opportunities for studentsparticipation in the demonstration.



11/31

Illustration Method



12/31

Illustration

An illustration can deal with animate or

inanimate, objects or it can be an analogy,

comparison, similes, metaphor, personal

experience, examples, or a graphic. Think back

for a moment. In Learning Theories you

learned about learning styles. We talked about

the learner who has to see it to believe it?



13/31

Illustration

Well chosen illustrations can:

help to impress on the mind of the learner what

is being taught

stimulate interest and highlight the important

points.

Stir the learners thinking process. Have an emotional impact on learner



14/31

Lecture Method



15/31

Types of Lecture

A. Traditional oral essay The teacher is an orator and the only

speaker.

B. Participatory Lecture begins with learners brainstorming ideas on

the lecture topic on what they have read in

preparation.



16/31

C. Feedback Lecture Consists with mini lectures with 10-minute

small group discussion opportunity to manipulate the lecture content

D. Mediated Lecture

Use of media such as films, slides, Web-based images along with traditional lecture.



17/31

Purposes of Lecturing

Lectures can be an efficient means ofintroducing learners a new topic.

It can be used to stimulate students interest

in a subject.

It can also be used to inspire people.

To integrate and synthesize a large body of

knowledge. (Parker, 1993)

The lecture is valuable where knowledge is

advancing and up-to-date textbooks are not

available. Jones 1990 3/20/2012 17Presented by Dr. D. Bernard-

Johnson SOTAVE Feb 2012


18/31

Advantages of theLecture Method

1. It is economical in terms of student time. A great deal of information can be

communicated in a one hour lecture. More pertinent information can be taught

to a student.

2. The lecturer can supplement a textbookby enhancing a topic and making it cometo life.



19/31

3. The teacher serves as a role model forstudents.

4. Lectures bring enjoyment to thelearners.

5. It helps students develop theirlistening skills.



20/31

Disadvantages of theLecture Method

1. It lends itself to the teaching of the facts

while placing little emphasis on problem

solving, decision making, analytical thinking,

or transfer of learning. (Black. 1993)

2. Lecturing is not conducive to meeting

students individual needs.

3. Lecturing brings with it the problem of

limited attention span on the part of the

learners.



21/31

Delivering the Lecture

1. Control your anxiety. An effective control mechanism is

imaging.

2. Spontaneity Avoid reading to the class.

Do not write your lecture out in fullsentences. Rehearse the delivery at home.



22/31

3. Voice quality

Beware of lecturing inmonotone.

4. Body languageDo not stand glued to the podium.Use your hand for emphasis but not too

much.Be aware of your body language.Maintain eye contact.



23/31

4. Speed of delivery

Affects both the learnerscomprehension and enjoyment of thematerial.

5. Getting of the right foot

Casual conversation for a minute to

establish rapportGive an opening attention getter



24/31

The Art of Explaining

The distinguishing mark of good teaching

Teachers role to simplify, clarify, guide, lead

and explain complex concepts for optimum

understanding of material

First requisite is for the teacher to fully

understand the content him/herself

Must understand how to do the operation

properly, why it is being done in a specific

manner and know the related information.3/20/2012 24Presented by Dr. D. Bernard-

Johnson SOTAVE Feb 2012


25/31


Teachers should learn basic principles then

learn the historical evolution and processes,

as well as the manual skills and standards of

occupational areas.



26/31


How to explain:

Use simple language; language of the learner

Be patient and resourceful Make liberal use of analogy, comparison,

example, illustration

Use visual aids Develop good sequence of simple-to-difficult,

step-by-step techniques in explaining



27/31


Use students knowledge as a base

Explain and define new terms

Use the technique of show and tell Point out relationships of parts/processes

Use logic and reasoning to explain

Develop concepts, history and uses

Ensure that the group understands the goal of

explanation



28/31


Make use of the board in dev. explanation

Keep eye contact with the class

Encourage questions and ask them too Call attention to highlights

Use medial summary to strengthen

explanation



29/31


Essential to the successful completion of the

demonstration. The purpose of the

explanation is to make clear to the learner

what he/she is expected to understand.



30/31



31/31

Thank you

[email protected]

3/20/2012 31Presented by Dr. D. Bernard-J h SOTAVE F b 2012

teacher centered methods

Documents