tattoo..&from&samoan&word&taut&...

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Tattoo.. from Samoan word taut Long history – at least 5000 years, found on iceage bodies Created by introducing coloured material into skin (ink, woad, soot) or sometimes on (eg henna) for permanent/semi permanent colouring Scarification is not technically tattooing but related and is seen particularly in cultures where dark skin makes tattoos less effective Examples from everywhere in the world – there is probably not a tattoofree culture (although some where tats are not allowed) Can be deliberate caused by injury therapeutic to label an individual to beautify artistic genre religious/mystical for protection Marking out Quick recognition of Criminality (Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, Chinese bandits) Rank/status/marriage (north America) Occupation (priest, gladiator, Japan) Slavery (China) Caste (Hindu) Successful rite of passage (Samoa) Outcast (Japan, china) Membership of group/worship (Celts, middle east) Bravery, battles and significant events (Maori, south America)) Allegiance Decorative tattooing seems to have spreads from Egypt , where mummified remains of priestesses show geometric patterns – had pyramid builders from Greece, Crete, Persia and Arabic who took practice back to their orb countries by 2000 BC then western Asian nomads took t to Japan – although there is evidence from there 1000 years earlier

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Page 1: Tattoo..&from&Samoan&word&taut& …Tattoo..&from&Samoan&word&taut& & Long&history&–&atleast5000&years,&found&on&ice

Tattoo..  from  Samoan  word  taut    Long  history  –  at  least  5000  years,  found  on  ice-­‐age  bodies  Created  by  introducing  coloured  material  into  skin  (ink,  woad,  soot)  or  sometimes  on  (eg  henna)  for  permanent/semi  permanent  colouring  Scarification  is  not  technically  tattooing  but  related  and  is  seen  particularly  in  cultures  where  dark  skin  makes  tattoos  less  effective  Examples  from  everywhere  in  the  world  –  there  is  probably  not  a  tattoo-­‐free  culture  (although  some  where  tats  are  not  allowed)      Can  be    

• deliberate    • caused  by  injury  • therapeutic  • to  label  an  

individual    • to  beautify  • artistic  genre  • religious/mystical    • for  protection  

     Marking  out  Quick  recognition  of  

• Criminality  (Egyptians,  Greeks  and  Romans,  Chinese  bandits)  • Rank/status/marriage  (north  America)  • Occupation  (priest,  gladiator,  Japan)  • Slavery  (China)  • Caste  (Hindu)  • Successful  rite  of  passage  (Samoa)  • Outcast  (Japan,  china)  • Membership  of  group/worship  (Celts,  middle  east)  • Bravery,  battles  and  significant  events  (Maori,  south  America))  • Allegiance    

   Decorative  tattooing  seems  to  have  spreads  from  Egypt  ,  where  mummified  remains  of  priestesses  show  geometric  patterns  –  had  pyramid  builders  from  Greece,  Crete,  Persia  and  Arabic  who  took  practice  back  to  their  orb  countries  by  2000  BC  then  western  Asian  nomads  took  t  to  Japan  –  although  there  is  evidence  from  there  1000  years  earlier  

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In  Japan  widely  adapted  as  a  decorative  art  and  lead  to  the  classic  Japanese  tattoo  –  a  full  multicoloured  body  suit  –  written  record  of  this  by  Chinese  scholars    in  297  ad  Often  disapproved  of  /forbidden  by  incoming  authorities  (conquerors  like  Cortez,  Christian  colonisers,  sharpie  law.  Orthodox  Jews))  Tattooing  made  popular  in  England  and  France  by  explorers  bringing  back  tattooed  Polynesians  to  exhibit  in  fairs,  taken  up  by  sailors,  tattooists  found  in  most  British  ports  by  mid  18c.  mid  19c  becoming  fashionable  amongst  upper  classes  in  the  wake  of  prince  of  Wales’  Jerusalem  cross  on  his  arm.  Later  his  sons  were  tattooed  by  Japanese  master  hori  chiyo        Increased  popularity  in  the  west  since  the  invention  of  the  electrical  tattoo  machine  in  1882.    Tattooed  ladies  popular  side  show  at  fairs.  mid  20c  began  to  be  a  mark  of  rebellion  against  middle  class,  hetero,  white  culture.    

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Then  move  from  gang  members,  bikers  to  middle/upper  classes  and  changes  in  iconography  from  badge-­‐like  premade  designs  to  customised,  larger  tattoos  known  as  ‘sleeves’.    The  number  of  tattooed  women  have  recently  overtaken  the  number  of  men.    Often  their  tats    are  in  secret  places  –  for  lovers  eyes  only!  I  have  friends  who  have  tattoos  that  their  parents  have  never  known  about  hidden  on  their  back  or  big  toe.  Miffing  says  that  women  also  use  tattoos  as  a  ‘bodily  reclamation’  after    surviving  traumatic  experiences  such  as  breast  cancer  or  abuse    

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Today’s  Tattoos      

Two  American  tattoo  artists,  Damon  Conklin  and  Tom  Yak  list  their  most  asked  for  designs.    

 1.  Flowers  

from  tiny  to  spreading  across  several  body  parts  –  daisies,  roses  lotus  flowers  

2.  Lettering  

usually  names  and  quotes  

3.  Symbols  

Conklin:  This  could  be  as  simple  as  an  astrological  sign  or  as  abstract  as  an  image  that  somehow  represents  a  time  or  accomplishment  in  someone's  life.  

Yak:  About  80  to  90  percent  of  what  I  do  are  personalized  designs.  That's  what  people  want.  

4.  Religion  

Conklin:  Crosses,  Jesus  or  a  range  of  other  gods,  including  depictions  of  events  in  sacred  text.      

5.  Skulls  

Conklin:  Mostly  human  and  other  bone-­‐related  stuff.  

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6.  Japanese  designs    

√  

hugely  influential  –  inspires  elements  of  most  tattoos  these  days  –  lettering,  elemental  forces,  mythical  beasts,  wild  animals,  fi    

Portrait    

celebrities  and  loved  ones  –  growing  genre  of  realistic,  customized  images    

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8.  Love  

tradional  hearts  and  flowers  still    popular  

9.  Birds  

Conklin:  Including  mythological  flyers  like  phoenixes  and  griffins.  Flying  is  always  a  metaphor  for  rising  above,  excelling  and  emergence.  

10.  Wildlife  lions  to  gold  fish.  

                               

   http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-­‐places/tattoo_modern.html#ixzz2VGHfC3gp    

   

^  Mifflin,  Margot.  Bodies  of  Subversion:  A  Secret  History  of  Women  and  Tattoo.  New  York:  Juno,  2001.  Print.  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tat_c_18-­‐500.jpg    http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-­‐places/tattoo_modern.html?onsite_source=relatedarticles&onsite_medium=internallink&onsite_campaign=SmithMag&onsite_content=Today's%20Tattoos