Take FiveTake Five

What is culture? Give an example.What is culture? Give an example. What is the difference between What is the difference between

culture & society or ethnicity?culture & society or ethnicity?

Unit #1Unit #1

Chp 4: Human Geography: Chp 4: Human Geography: People & PlacesPeople & Places

The elements of cultureThe elements of culture Culture: the knowledge, attitudes, Culture: the knowledge, attitudes,

and behaviors shared by a group of and behaviors shared by a group of people and passed on to another people and passed on to another generationgeneration

Society: a group that shares a Society: a group that shares a geographic region, sense of identity geographic region, sense of identity and cultureand culture

Ethnic group: a group of people that Ethnic group: a group of people that have common language, customs & have common language, customs & heritage heritage

How can a culture be shared or How can a culture be shared or spread?spread?

Innovations—taking resources or other Innovations—taking resources or other technologies and turning it into something technologies and turning it into something newnew

Diffusion—spread of ideas and inventionsDiffusion—spread of ideas and inventions Cultural hearth—site where innovative Cultural hearth—site where innovative

technique emergedtechnique emerged Acculturation—when a society changes Acculturation—when a society changes

when it adopts an innovation from another when it adopts an innovation from another societysociety

Wally Points…Wally Points…

What is an example of diffusion What is an example of diffusion today?today?

What is an example of acculturation What is an example of acculturation today?today?

LanguagesLanguages

Languages help to identify a group of Languages help to identify a group of people in a culturepeople in a culture

There are 3,000-6,500 language There are 3,000-6,500 language spoken world widespoken world wide

All languages have been categorized All languages have been categorized into different language familiesinto different language families

Versions of languages are known as Versions of languages are known as dialectsdialects

Language FamiliesLanguage Families

Take FiveTake Five

(1-2)Using the graph of pg 74 answer (1-2)Using the graph of pg 74 answer the skill builder questions.the skill builder questions.

(3) Name 5 different dialects.(3) Name 5 different dialects.

The Role of Religion in CultureThe Role of Religion in Culture

Religion is defined as a belief in a Religion is defined as a belief in a supernatural power or powers that supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universemaintainers of the universe– Monotheistic—belief in 1 godMonotheistic—belief in 1 god– Polytheistic—belief in many godsPolytheistic—belief in many gods– Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun, Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun,

moon, river etc)moon, river etc)

Major World ReligionsMajor World Religions Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion,

established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are written in the Torahwritten in the Torah

Christianity—evolved from the teachings of Christianity—evolved from the teachings of Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries. disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries. Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God.Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God.

Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran (Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite(Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite

Hinduism--Hinduism--

Religions of the WorldReligions of the World

World Religions World Religions · · ChristianityChristianity: 2 billion: 2 billion · · IslamIslam: 1.3 billion: 1.3 billion · · HinduismHinduism: 900 million: 900 million · · Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/AtheistSecular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 850 million: 850 million · · BuddhismBuddhism: 360 million: 360 million · · Chinese traditional religionChinese traditional religion: 225 million: 225 million · · primal-indigenousprimal-indigenous: 150 million: 150 million · · African Traditional & DiasporaAfrican Traditional & Diaspora: 95 million: 95 million · · SikhismSikhism: 23 million: 23 million · · JucheJuche: 19 million: 19 million · · SpiritismSpiritism: 14 million: 14 million · · JudaismJudaism: 14 million: 14 million · · Baha'iBaha'i: 6 million: 6 million · · JainismJainism: 4 million: 4 million ·· ShintoShinto: 4 million: 4 million ·· Cao DaiCao Dai: 3 million: 3 million · · TenrikyoTenrikyo: 2.4 million: 2.4 million · · Neo-PaganismNeo-Paganism: 1 million: 1 million · · Unitarian-UniversalismUnitarian-Universalism: 800 thousand: 800 thousand · · RastafarianismRastafarianism: 700 thousand: 700 thousand · · ScientologyScientology: 600 thousand: 600 thousand · · ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism: 150 thousand: 150 thousand

Populations of the WorldPopulations of the World

Section 2: Population GeographySection 2: Population Geography

Population geographers study birth Population geographers study birth rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, infant-mortality rates, and other infant-mortality rates, and other statisticsstatistics

In order to replace the current rates In order to replace the current rates of population, our fertility rates of population, our fertility rates would need to be 2.1—today the would need to be 2.1—today the average rate is 3.0average rate is 3.0

Wally Points…Wally Points…

What factors have caused our What factors have caused our population to reach over 6 billion?population to reach over 6 billion?

In 2000, which areas had the highest In 2000, which areas had the highest and lowest birth rates? P 78and lowest birth rates? P 78

How is the rate of natural increase How is the rate of natural increase determined? P 79determined? P 79

Population PyramidPopulation Pyramid

Population DistributionPopulation Distribution

2/3’s of the world’s population live 2/3’s of the world’s population live between 20between 2000 N and 60 N and 6000N N

½ are living in rural areas½ are living in rural areas– Push-pull factorsPush-pull factors

Reasons why people leave one area in favor of Reasons why people leave one area in favor of anotheranother

There are 2 megacitiesThere are 2 megacities– Tokyo 28 million peopleTokyo 28 million people– Population density—estimated 80% will live in Population density—estimated 80% will live in

urban areas by 2080urban areas by 2080

TokyoTokyo

Wally Points…Wally Points…

Are more skyscrapers the answer for Are more skyscrapers the answer for megacities? Why or why not?megacities? Why or why not?

What about natural disasters? What about natural disasters?

Section 3: Political geography Section 3: Political geography State-an area (country)State-an area (country)that governs its own internalthat governs its own internaland external affairs and external affairs independent of anotherindependent of another Nation-a group of people with a common Nation-a group of people with a common

culture living in a territory and having a culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unitystrong sense of unity

Nation-state-a country and group occupy Nation-state-a country and group occupy the same territorythe same territory

Stateless nation-when a group of people Stateless nation-when a group of people do not have a territorydo not have a territory

Types of GovernmentTypes of Government

DemocracyDemocracy MonarchyMonarchy

– TheocracyTheocracy DictatorshipDictatorship SocialismSocialism CommunismCommunism

Geographic Characteristics of a Geographic Characteristics of a NationNation

Size, shape and relative locationSize, shape and relative location National boundaries—based on National boundaries—based on

physical land featuresphysical land features– Landlocked countriesLandlocked countries

Artificial boundaries—lines of latitude Artificial boundaries—lines of latitude and longitude, but basically invisibleand longitude, but basically invisible

Section 4: Urban Geography—the Section 4: Urban Geography—the study of how people use space in citiesstudy of how people use space in cities Cities, metropolitan areas, suburbsCities, metropolitan areas, suburbs

– Geographers study land use patterns Geographers study land use patterns (i.e. residential, industrial or (i.e. residential, industrial or commercial)commercial)

Trend towards urbanizationTrend towards urbanization– Shopping, entertainment, government Shopping, entertainment, government

facilities, cultural events, public parksfacilities, cultural events, public parks– Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses, taxi, Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses, taxi,

subways etcsubways etc– Problems…Problems…

Not so far fetched “skyscraper Not so far fetched “skyscraper farms” & cities within skyscrapersfarms” & cities within skyscrapers

Section 5: Economic Geography-production Section 5: Economic Geography-production and exchange of goods and services among and exchange of goods and services among

a group of peoplea group of people Types of economic systems:Types of economic systems:

– Traditional economy—barter systemTraditional economy—barter system– Command economy-economy Command economy-economy

determined by the central governmentdetermined by the central government– Market economy-free enterprise—Market economy-free enterprise—

capitalismcapitalism– Mixed economy-combination of Mixed economy-combination of

command and marketcommand and market

Wally Points…Wally Points… Which of the following levels of economic Which of the following levels of economic

activity most closely describes the US activity most closely describes the US economy?economy?

Primary activities-the gathering of raw Primary activities-the gathering of raw materialsmaterials

Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw materials into a finished productmaterials into a finished product

Tertiary activities-providing business or Tertiary activities-providing business or professional servicesprofessional services

Quaternary activities-provide information, Quaternary activities-provide information, management and research services management and research services

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Renewable-can be replaced through Renewable-can be replaced through natural processesnatural processes

Non-renewable-cannot be replaced Non-renewable-cannot be replaced or very slow to replaceor very slow to replace

Inexhaustible energy sources-sun, Inexhaustible energy sources-sun, geothermal heat, winds and tidesgeothermal heat, winds and tides

What does GNP refer to?What does GNP refer to?

Per capita income—average amount Per capita income—average amount of money earned by each person in a of money earned by each person in a political unitpolitical unit

Gross National Product—total value Gross National Product—total value of goods and services produced by a of goods and services produced by a country in a yearcountry in a year

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)—GDP (Gross Domestic Product)—goods and services produced within goods and services produced within a country in a yeara country in a year

Georgia places ranked by per capita incomeGeorgia places ranked by per capita income Skidaway Island, GeorgiaSkidaway Island, Georgia – $63,851 – $63,851 Vernonburg, GeorgiaVernonburg, Georgia – $49,391 – $49,391 Daisy, GeorgiaDaisy, Georgia – $47,166 – $47,166 Sandy Springs, GeorgiaSandy Springs, Georgia – $45,494 – $45,494 Vinings, GeorgiaVinings, Georgia – $45,068 – $45,068 Dunwoody, GeorgiaDunwoody, Georgia – $43,523 – $43,523 Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439 Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439 Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605 Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605 Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177 Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177 Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432 Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432

World GDPWorld GDP 1United States 14,264,600 2 Japan 4,923,761 3 People's Republic of China 4,401,614 4 Germany 3,667,513 5 France 2,865,737 6 United Kingdom 2,674,085 7 Italy 2,313,893 8 Russia 1,676,586 9 Spain 1,611,767 10 Brazil 1,572,839