szedjlezes rozsdadjentes acelok ijegesztesenek europai ... · fff zs ss?n>kouht shi t mhh...

4
6;:f:fIF zs5 7s9<:s9 ?N>KOUHT s>KLOHI tLR>@O mLNFK>HH SzeDJlezes > rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam' 7j]maX IX]amodkjam %RkanoXhleja 8Ydham Sah]ejc 7pnomeX&48evipoiajoan mkvn]Xiajoan XZah lkmYahan dpvXw hkg jXcu dkiamnaghaoe XhgXhiXvXw nkgdkv) y :kYmXjnvgu FXjkn' HkmejZVnpvnXjw jX' Cueiane BamajZ' Nvecaodu 7j]w mXn' 8eoXuAjegk4 NkrXju ]plhat XZaw hkg an racuan gYoanaeg havamnpcXmXn dacanvoana y :Xmepnv:ufX' IXmag MuYXmv' Cmvackmv NomX]kinge' 7jjX FXjpnvgX %MuYjeg Ajcejaamejc 9ajoam' OaZdjeZXh Pjew ramneou kb 9vanokZdksX&4 7 bammeoan mkvn]Xiajoan XZah dacanvokdpvXh noXYehevXhk ahaiaejag dXoXnXX rXmw mXo iegmknvamgavaoean gkmm2ve2nopw hXf]kjnXcXemX) y CeXjlXkhk KmhXj]k' MkYamokCekrXw jXm]e %JeoouwCmeoou nmh5 PjeramneoX ]e Ik]ajX a Maccek AieheX&4 7 mkvn]Xw iajoan XZahkgrXmmXoXejXg cukmn an cXv]XnXckn lXZkhXnX an ejjkrXoer baheehaogavahana) y 8amjX]aooa CnahhiXjj' S) Dpaiam' Mp]khbRXhhXjo'9dmenokb)NkiieonZd %CmXv Pjeramneou kb OaZdjkhkcu&4Hew jaXmen]YmvndacanvoannahYnnvagYoYoo hXjZkg gkmm2ve23)--2nXcX) y 7heZa Kmne' UXnnXmCdXjeie' JkmYamo Ajvejcam 7j]meov 7C' ESN' OP CmXv&4 -)00-3 XjuXcp dacanvoaoo haiavag nvphbe]knbanveehonacegkmm2vekfX) y Mkiphk B) Ikmajk %RehhXman IaoXhn&4 Nvplam]plhat R:B11S dpvXh gebafw hanvoana dacanvokdpvXhkgdkv) i MLNLUFP>SOHBMULABO E>P>OPBKTBULF AL= 3DJ7C:L]B an nvamvkoXmnXeXnvplamw ]plhat mkvn]Xiajoan XZahkgra]kcXw vkn erdacanvoana nkmXj YagYraogavk lkmkveoXngalvk]an dXoXnoajuavkejag gpoXoXnXYXj ahamopf ama]iajuaegao eniamoaooag) 7 ]plhat XZahkgrXmmXobaw iaYaj X hacXhXYY oe, Xpnvoajeo Yevw okneoXnXXv acueg hacbkjoknXYY gYraw oahiaju) 7 ra]kcXvkn dacanvoanagjah ammafk hadaoknacao gejXh X jeomkcaj dkvvXX]XnX X ra]kcXvdkv) 7 OECw dacanvoanjah acunacan X nvXgemk]Xw hki X jeomkcajwdkvvXX]Xn ahkjuYnnaw camkh']a X IECwdacanvoanma javra ahw oamkXhhXnlkjokggXh hadao oXhXhgkvje) 7 jeomkcaj kh]dXoknXcXjXg ZnYggaw KE] KE[ JJJJ F VS zz SV JJ F JJ F JJ < < < &8 F z JJ KEZ KEU an X mala]angalvk]an acuan bammeoan XZahkgrXmmXoXeYXj) y 7j]maXn MeZdoam%lmkwYaXi7C - 9k) GCX7&4:plhat mkvn]Xiajoan XZahkgahagomkjnpcXmXndacanvoana) y Psa Maencaj' Neikj KhnZdkg' NoabXj FXgkYn' 9dmenokld Opmjam %MSOD 7XZdaj Pjeramneou' ENBwSah]ejc Xj] Fkejejc Ejnoeopoa&4 :plhat mkvnw ]Xiajoan XZahrXgppiYXj racvaoo havamnpcXmXn dacanvoana) y BmXjZanZk 9eZZkiXnZkhk' Ahej I) KET KES KEL < F jKGDBL ?@BD ASSKZB JF 9MKGBHAKGDBL ASZK] J 0 0 0 0 < < < < 0 < < 0 0 F FFF FFFFF zSzSz zVz zVVVVV "J z F W)W!w SVS FJJJJJJJJ > F SzVSV Vz F J JF < 7 < < 0 0 < < < + < + < + < + < + < + < <J < < < < < < SzSVSVSVVSzzSzVzSzSz VSSVVVV SS VVVVVVzWzVVVVVVVd SS VVVVSzSzzSV z Szz SS z 0 7 < 0 < 0 <0 0 ' E" < 0 0 < < J< 0 J < < J < < J < < < 4 0 0 7 < 0 XX SX V XSX zS XXXXSX X SXX zz XSX V]V V zz ] SXVVVV X zz S] SB SX z SS SSX XSXXXXXXXXXXXX z XX SSISSSz Sz XXXXXXXXXXX BSz XXXXXXXX 7 0 7 < < 0 < 7 . 0 0 < 0 5 0 0 0 < .0 0 < < < < < J < < < < 0. 0 0 + < 0 < 0 < 0 ..... - -........ ········-····_,················r··········-··_·y-··---.- ~ -..--- - 0 0 0 0 0 < < 0 < < < < 0 0 0 < 4 - 2 2 2 JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ "JJ s 66663+ s 6666JJ xxO w OWw w7 wmwwwwwwww 2 wwwwwwwwwewwww 4 wwwwwwwwww0www 2II "& & 233 2 1200 KEK acV?>KIoFNBKUB?BK NBKABUPBH JBD > NLUOA>JBKPBO >@BILH BIOL BQNLM>F NIBNBK@F>G>PSnUP HLRBPLBK E>NLJBRBKHBKP HBNFFIPN>OLNhmFFOOBIALNCIlEF> sQK>Iv>NFUOI yBRFII>I rBIOFKHF BO lLJL QP>K BNHBUBPP pN>@?>I >ELI DBIOL IBKFBDTFFPPBO HLKCBNBK@F>HBKP NBKABUPBH JBD >U BILOULN agg]V?BKI J>GA SIG>N>b]a]V?BKI BDT>N>KP kB>QKBV?> LOOUBEFRLPPI >AAFD LK>IIL HLKCBNBKV SOLNLU>PHBKPU>GILIAQMIBS NLUOA>JBKPBO >@BILH HLKCBNBK@F>G>R>IS nUBH eZ BRB NBKAOUBNBO HLKCBNBK@F>H HFBJBIHBALBK CLKPLO OUFKPBNBF RLIP>H > !n]Xiajoan >@BILH CBGIBOUPBOBRBII EBDBOUPBOBRBI BO CBIE>OUK>I>O>R>I CLDV HLUL FM>N BO > PQALJ>KTLO HQP>P>O ?BJQP>PHLU>O>K>HS uFKABK HLKCBV I@F>K HFBJBIP @OLMLNPLP >IHLPP>H > EBDBOUPBOOBI H>M@OLI>PLO BIL>A>OLHG IpN>@?>K FOSi fe BIL>A>O?LI > HLRBPHBUL abVKBHRLIP OULNLO>K > P>NDTV NB > EBDBOUPBO V >JBITBH HLUFFI KBE>KT>P OUBJIBUFFKH > PLR>??F>H?>K BNPIELDT > J>DT>N LIR>OLHLULKOBD FO ?BMFII>KP>OP KTBNGBK > NLUOA>JBKV C >@BILH EBDBOUPBOBRBI H>M@OLI>PLO BQNLM>F HQP>P>OLH QG BNBAJBKTBF?BS 1600 8FJ?HJ?DFE A-B -, 56L501 GBNLJ;:GJD9A5N.M5;5G5C 4A:LEJ)25D7 M]BERD57B.S5D M]5EJDNS5DNJ]5M5 X A.E:LM:CD:NN:D 1lJ 5NE, G[JE5MJG( 9RKD:T 5MM]RK:L9RKD:TLJ]M95E:GN:M 57:D65G aH 444dXmhan FXZgnkj %HkpcdYkmkpcd Fjeramneou&47oXmoknYmaceoandXoXw hXXvXpnvoajeoan XZahkgdkvXcXjuXc hahgeehe racuan gYoanaema) 6dehell BhkZgamve'IXjpahX Vejga' /raj Fpoojam%Kook rkj CpameZgaPjew )mamneou IXc]aYpmc&4 7 lkmkveoXngalw !k]an dXoXnoajuavke X nvplam]plhat /)ZahkgrXmmXoXeYXj) Narame7jooehX' DwL)Daeggejaj' Fpgw gX NXujXfXgXjcXn' :Xre] Lkmoam %Pjeramneoukb Kphp&47v eeokipjgX 1550 1500 I <: 1450 < I 7JJJ 1J• 1400 " 1J• ce " 1350 1J• A se F4 1300 1250 %TRE) arbkhuXi .--1,/ 86

Upload: others

Post on 16-Mar-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: SzeDJlezes rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai ... · ffF zs ss?N>KOUHT sHI t mHH SzeDJlezes>rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam

6;:f:fIF zs5 7s9<:s9?N>KOUHT s>KLOHI tLR>@O mLNFK>HH

SzeDJlezes > rozsdaDJentes acelokIJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol

Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam' 7j]maXIX]amodkjam %RkanoXhleja 8YdhamSah]ejc 7pnomeX&48evipoiajoanmkvn]Xiajoan XZah lkmYahan dpvXwhkg jXcu dkiamnaghaoe XhgXhiXvXwnkgdkv)

y :kYmXjnvgu FXjkn' HkmejZVnpvnXjwjX' Cueiane BamajZ' Nvecaodu 7j]wmXn'8eoXuAjegk4 NkrXju ]plhat XZawhkg an racuan gYoanaeg havamnpcXmXndacanvoana

y :Xmepnv:ufX' IXmag MuYXmv'CmvackmvNomX]kinge' 7jjX FXjpnvgX %MuYjegAjcejaamejc 9ajoam' OaZdjeZXh Pjewramneoukb 9vanokZdksX&4 7 bammeoanmkvn]Xiajoan XZah dacanvokdpvXhnoXYehevXhkahaiaejag dXoXnXX rXmwmXoiegmknvamgavaoe an gkmm2ve2nopwhXf]kjnXcXemX)

y CeXjlXkhk KmhXj]k' MkYamokCekrXwjXm]e %JeoouwCmeoounmh5PjeramneoX ]eIk]ajX a Maccek AieheX&47 mkvn]Xwiajoan XZahkgrXmmXoXejXgcukmn ancXv]XnXckn lXZkhXnX an ejjkrXoerbaheehaogavahana)

y 8amjX]aooa CnahhiXjj' S) Dpaiam'Mp]khbRXhhXjo'9dmenokb)NkiieonZd%CmXvPjeramneou kb OaZdjkhkcu&4HewjaXmen]YmvndacanvoannahYnnvagYoYoohXjZkg gkmm2ve23)--2nXcX)

y 7heZa Kmne'UXnnXmCdXjeie' JkmYamoAjvejcam 7j]meov 7C' ESN' OP CmXv&4-)00-3 XjuXcp dacanvoaoo haiavagnvphbe]kn banveehonacegkmm2vekfX)

y Mkiphk B) Ikmajk %RehhXmanIaoXhn&4Nvplam]plhat R:B11S dpvXh gebafwhanvoana dacanvokdpvXhkgdkv)

i MLNLUFP>SOHBMULABOE>P>OPBKTBULF AL=

3DJ7C:L]Ban nvamvkoXmnXeX nvplamw]plhat mkvn]Xiajoan XZahkgra]kcXwvkn erdacanvoana nkmXj YagYraogavklkmkveoXngalvk]an dXoXnoajuavkejaggpoXoXnXYXj ahamopf ama]iajuaegaoeniamoaooag) 7 ]plhat XZahkgrXmmXobawiaYaj X hacXhXYYoe, Xpnvoajeo YevwokneoXnXXv acueg hacbkjoknXYY gYrawoahiaju) 7 ra]kcXvkn dacanvoanagjahammafk hadaoknacao gejXh X jeomkcajdkvvXX]XnX X ra]kcXvdkv) 7 OECwdacanvoanjah acunacan X nvXgemk]Xwhki X jeomkcajwdkvvXX]Xn ahkjuYnnawcamkh']a X IECwdacanvoanma javra ahwoamkXhhXnlkjokggXh hadao oXhXhgkvje)7 jeomkcaj kh]dXoknXcXjXg ZnYggaw

KE]KE[

JJJJF VSzz SVJJFJJFJJ<<<

&8 F zJJ

KEZKEU

an X mala]angalvk]an acuan bammeoanXZahkgrXmmXoXeYXj)

y 7j]maXn MeZdoam%lmkwYaXi 7C -9k) GCX7&4:plhat mkvn]XiajoanXZahkgahagomkjnpcXmXndacanvoana)

y Psa Maencaj' Neikj KhnZdkg' NoabXjFXgkYn' 9dmenokld Opmjam %MSOD7XZdaj Pjeramneou' ENBwSah]ejcXj] Fkejejc Ejnoeopoa&4:plhat mkvnw]Xiajoan XZahrXgppiYXj racvaoohavamnpcXmXndacanvoana)

y BmXjZanZk 9eZZkiXnZkhk' Ahej I)

KETKESKEL

<F jKGDBL ?@BD ASSKZBJF 9MKGBHAKGDBL ASZK] J

0 0 0 0< < < <0 < < 0 0FFFFFFFFFzSzSz zVz zVVVVV "Jz F W)W!wSVSFJJJJJJJJ> FSzVSVVz FJJF< 7 < < 0

0 < < <

+ <+ <+ <+ <+ <+ <<J << < < < <SzSVSVSVVSzzSzVzSzSz VSSVVVV SSVVVVVVzWzVVVVVVVd SSVVVVSzSzzSV z Szz SS z0 7 < 0 <

0 <0 0' E"< 0 0 << J< 0J < <J << J< < <4 0 0 7 < 0

XX SX V XSX zS XXXXSX X SXX zz XSX V]V V zz ] SX VVVV X zz S] SB SX z SS SSX XSXXXXXXXXXXXX z XX SSISSSz Sz XXXXXXXXXXX BSz XXXXXXXX

7 0 7 < < 0

< 7 . 0 0< 0 5 0 00 < .0 0< < < << J << < <0. 0 0+ < 0

< 0 < 0..... - -........ ········-····_,················r··········-··_·y-··---.- ~ -.. --- -0 0 0 00 < < 0< < < <0 0 0 <

4 - 2 2 2JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ"JJ s 66663+ s 6666JJxxO w O W ww7wmwwwwwwww2wwwwwwwwwewwww4wwwwwwwwww0www2II"& & 233 21200

KEK

acV?>KIoFNBKUB?BK NBKABUPBH JBD > NLUOA>JBKPBO >@BILH BIOL BQNLM>FNIBNBK@F>G>PSnUP HLRBPLBK E>NLJBRBKHBKP HBNFFIP N> OLNhmFFOOBIALNCIlEF>sQK>I v>NFUOI yBRFII>I rBIOFKHF BO lLJL QP>K BNHBUBPP pN>@?>I >ELI DBIOLIBKFBDTFFPPBO HLKCBNBK@F>HBKP NBKABUPBH JBD >U BILOULN agg]V?BKI J>GASIG>N>b]a]V?BKI BDT>N>KP kB>QKBV?> LOOUBEFRLPPI >AAFD LK>IIL HLKCBNBKVSOLNLU>PHBKPU>GILI AQMIBS NLUOA>JBKPBO >@BILH HLKCBNBK@F>G>R>IS nUBHeZBRB NBKAOUBNBO HLKCBNBK@F>H HFBJBIHBALBK CLKPLO OUFKPBNBF RLIP>H >!n]Xiajoan >@BILH CBGIBOUPBOBRBII EBDBOUPBOBRBI BO CBIE>OUK>I>O>R>I CLDVHLUL FM>N BO > PQALJ>KTLO HQP>P>O ?BJQP>PHLU>O>K>HS uFKABK HLKCBVI@F>K HFBJBIP @OLMLNPLP >IHLPP>H > EBDBOUPBOOBI H>M@OLI>PLO BIL>A>OLHGI pN>@?>K FOSi fe BIL>A>O?LI > HLRBPHBUL abVKBH RLIP OULNLO>K > P>NDTVNB > EBDBOUPBO V >JBITBH HLUFFI KBE>KT>P OUBJIBUFFKH > PLR>??F>H?>KBNPIELDT > J>DT>N LIR>OLHLULKOBD FO ?BMFII>KP>OP KTBNGBK > NLUOA>JBKVC >@BILH EBDBOUPBOBRBI H>M@OLI>PLO BQNLM>F HQP>P>OLH QG BNBAJBKTBF?BS

1600

8FJ?HJ?DFE A-B-, 56L501 GBNLJ;:GJD9A5N.M5;5G5C4A:LEJ)25D7 M]BERD57B.S5DM]5EJDNS5DNJ]5M5XA.E:LM:CD:NN:D 1lJ 5NE, G[JE5MJG( 9RKD:T 5MM]RK:L9RKD:TLJ]M95E:GN:M 57:D65G aH

444dXmhanFXZgnkj %HkpcdYkmkpcdFjeramneou&47 oXmoknYmaceoandXoXwhXXvXpnvoajeoan XZahkgdkvXcXjuXchahgeeheracuan gYoanaema)6dehell BhkZgamve'IXjpahX Vejga'/raj Fpoojam%Kookrkj CpameZgaPjew)mamneouIXc]aYpmc&4 7 lkmkveoXngalw!k]an dXoXnoajuavke X nvplam]plhat/)ZahkgrXmmXoXeYXj)Narame7jooehX' DwL)Daeggejaj' FpgwgX NXujXfXgXjcXn' :Xre] Lkmoam%Pjeramneoukb Kphp&47v eeokipjgX

15501500

I<: 1450<I7JJJ1J• 1400"1J•ce" 13501J•AseF4 1300

1250

%TRE)arbkhuXi .--1,/ 86

Page 2: SzeDJlezes rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai ... · ffF zs ss?N>KOUHT sHI t mHH SzeDJlezes>rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam

FSL8L8K&BAEJAKTLAK

CMLdRGl6.1&37f)1-;M)B( 39-a ;ilGa6 01eeb dkTRMc(04-5 eeb cThfdRMc

0, GJfG67 jGffGhNMbfdchRMc]MeM]MhNMaMSilGa " jMLdRGl ]dbJTcGKTdjGa

SMRMglhMhhjGffGhfGD.E

cUgUh gmUbaUahUhd-+ PRfP PaPeZPc PedfdmYhPg]UemdTUgjUgmUalUcPWl( UgUeeUc UbYPhhUWlUggmUfmd]cUb ZPnjPgdaZP] N/O,9 ]ihPhPgRPc .,12-. hYeigi gmieUfnTieaUk PSUaedfdmYhPg]UemdTUgYXPZaPnbPh jYmgWPahP](]YYadcVUaUPTPWd]RdagmPfbPmd &hUXPh]YggUUahUfddggmUhUnhUXY'(A /2 6 1 G E hYeigi XimPaUaU]hfdnTPjPa Ug]YYadcVUaUdggmUhUhUXYjUTdWPnmd]]Pa XUWUgmhjU(Ybeiamigdg JCAn UgFCAnUaZPfPgPa]PabPmPgPjPa, 9 XUnWUgmhdXimPad]UfTUbaUWUgUcSgP] PmdkYWUchPfhPadbRPchUfhU]Ua&/0n..2eeb'( P GnhPfhPabi] /01- Ug/3-5 eeb]dmdhhj5,.hdmdhh,9m dhVUaUjUShdWPm]dnmdhhjdah UWlnUgcUWl]dbedcUcgi Yg,9 edfdmYhPgbUfhU]Uh fPTYdWfPVYPYUgbUhPaadWfPVYPYjYmgWPaPhhPaUaaUcdfYmnhU], DUhZUaaUWmUhUgfdchWUc]UeUhbinhPhP /, PRfP,

9 ]ihPhPg UfUTbUclUYcU]UfhU]UaUgUPaPeZPc PmPaPRRYVPhPciagPWd] gmifnXUhd]aU7o 9 gmieUfTieaUk PSUad] JCAnXUWUgmn

hUgUgdfPc cUb ]UaaedfdmYhPg]UemdnTUgfUgmPbYhPcY(RPfbYalUc jUTdWPmXPgmcPaPhPUgUhUcgUb, :mmUagmUbnRUc P FCAnXUWUgmhUgPa]PabPmPgPn]df P edfdmYhPg]UemdTUgYXPZaPbYWUccPWl, 9 gUbaUWUgWPmXPgmcPaPhPUan]UfYYaXUhdjUhUgmYP edfdmYhPgh(TUbYcUa cPWldRR PmP]hYj dggmUhUjd]fUgmPfPclP(PccPa Yc]PRRcdjU]UTcYVdWP edfdmYhPgbUfhU]U,

o 9 XimPaUaU]hfdTPdggmUhUhUaUcU]YgfUcT]YjYYacPWl P gmUfUeUP edfdmYhPg

1, GJfG6.,113/ glGb[MaTALieaMk GKMa2-bb jGghGRgGRiaMbMlSMRMglhMgT

jGffGhGcG]]MfMglhbMhglMhTgldjMh]MeMD2E

]YPaP]iaPgPRPc7 bUWP ]YgUahUfUgU]Yg&VdaUWPmdaTdhhWPmd]bUcclYgUWUnRUc' YgZUaUchdgUcUahUfdUfUTbUclfUjUmUhcU],9 JCAnXUWUgmhUgcUacUbUgmaUahU]gUb PmdkYWUc(gUb P cYhnfdWUcedfdmYhPg]UemdXPhPgPh(bYWP FCAnXUWUgmhUgcUaUWlUfhUabi P]PeSgdaPh P jPffPhVUbRUcdaTdhhWPnmd] bUcclYgUWUUgP edfdmYhPgbUfnhU]U]dmdhh,

Dmhd]oigpkSIe]fl]k I]]dgc]d]cligfkmaIiIk b]a]kpl]k] FBHckeitgrH Pm .641 dhP UaU]hfdcgiWPnfPg RUfUcTUmUgU]UhWlPfhd efd)JMGb7: VUZaUgmhdbUfcd]UPmUadPTPgPRPcP //-2 hYeigi TieaUk fdmgTPbUchUgPSUad] UaU]hfdcgiWPfPgXUWUgmhUgUjUaVdWaPa]dmdhh,BPcWgialdmhP( XdWl RPfPmUaU]hfdcgiWPfPg XUWUgmhUghYgPmdbaUgmhdXUWUgmhUgYUaZPfPgd]]dmUgdnfdahP] RU(UWUgmUcbPg ghfPhUWYPh]YnjPc UccU] PmUaZPfPgcP]PmPa]PabPnmPgPP TieaUk PSUad]fP(bYch PmYjXUnWUgmhUgYUaZPfPgd]c5,.bUWgmd]dhh,

9 XUWUgmhUgh]Uh aUeUgRUcXPZhZP]jUWfU7PmUagdaUeUgRUcP hUaZUgjPffPhnjdcPadc Ua]UgmYhUcU]UWl%VimdjPffPnhdh%(cPWldc ]YgUcUfWYPZigiWPfclPaPRnRP"(bPZT Umh]djUhYP hUaZUgPhdajPTPngi jPffPh, 9 0, PRfP UffUbihPh eUaTPh,

9 ]dhUghRYmhdgYhdjPffPh hUXPhUWlUhnaUcjPffPhgdfRda Paa(YWlP fUhUW]dmYXHnbUfgU]aUhhUa]PeSgdaPhdg UadYfPgbUanadmXUhd,9m .,113/ hYeigi TieaUk PSUagd] cYhfdWUchhPfhPabPm8PmURRdaPTdnTdPc VUclUWUhdedfdmYhPgYjUgmUalhP ]YYadcdgUcWdcTdgPc bUWXPhPfdnmdhhXUWUgmhUgYgURUggUWhiTZP bUWngmYYchUhcY,9 clPaPRaUcWUhUgYhUSXcYn]P Vd]dmmPPmdbaUTU] UgP ]iaSgali]&PbUal UccUa PmUaZPfPgcPaUWl gmi]ePfdaWPgYSgPhdfcP' TYcPbY]PYZUaaUbnmdYh,9 XUWUgmhUghUSXcdadWYPYjPahdnmd] XUalUgRUPaaYhPgPjPaRYmhdgYhXPhdPgmYY]gUWUgVUffYhnUgPigmhUcYhhPfhPadb(YWl]YjUTXUhdP bUaUWnUg P XYTUWfUneUTUgYjUgmUal,JUfbUgmUhUgUcPTdTncP] PmUaU]hfdcgiWPfPgXUWUgmhUg5,.nhPaPcdg UadclUY7

33

o ]dccli jPffPhnUad]UgmYhUgo cYcSggmYY]gUWXdmPWPclPWfPo SgU]Ual PaP]jPahdmPgd] Ug jUhUbUn

TUgU]

9 fUaPhYjUcPWl XUWUgmhUgYgURUgngUWWUajUWmUhhXUWUgmhUggUahia cPWlVUffYhhPfhPadbPaP]iaXPh ]Y( g UbUanaUhhP cYhfdWUcUWl fUgmUYghPjdmY]PmdbaUTU]Rda(PbUalU] UWlYYhhUg]dnjUh]UmbUclU P jPffPh UafYTUWUTUgU,9 cYhfdWUcjUgmhUgUWbUWPaaPeYhPgPnfP jUWmUhh]YgUfaUhU]PmhbihPhhP](XdWl P cYhfdWUcjUgmhUgUW]YggUcPnWldRR P ]Yg XUWUgmhUgYgURUggUWU]UgUhUc(TUP XdggmPRRdbaUTU]aUhYTdUg P aPggPRR aUXiaUg ]UTjUm PmPigmhUcYh]UemdTUgcU](Ug Sgd]]UcnhYP edfdmYhPgh,9 jPffPhfP fPXUWUgmnhUcYcUb gmPRPT(bUfh UmUfPg cYhfdnWUcjUgmhUghUg UafYTUWUTUghd]dm( jPnaPbYch P ]dffdmYdPaadgPWdhYgUfdgUcfdchZP,

9 cYhfdWUbjUgmhUgUgP hiamdhhVUffYhnhPfhPadb ]dbeUcmPaPgPfP hdRRaUXUhdngUWYgPa]PabPmXPhd7o daTd Xd]UmUaUgPmUaU]hfdcgiWPfPg

XUWUgmhUgihPc(o cPWl GYnhPfhPabi XUWUgmhdPclPW

XdmmPPTPgPXUWUgmhUg]dmRUc(o UadbUaUWYhUg,

Dmhd]oI]]d d]p]ikmaIiIkXUWU!mhUgUnIcmmeMIf U-Z

cgkshgn UggmUfmdhPfgPY.-n0- bb jPgnhPW(//-2 Ug/0-1 hYeigi TieaUk ]dffdnmY35,aadPSUaaUbUmU]UhXUWUgmhUhh-(--.XIPndg jP]iibRPc( .3 ]Lndg hPfSgPnaUmUffUa,9 aUmUfgiWPfPgXUWUgmhUgjPn]iibRPc jPad jUWmUgUcU]]YVUZaUgmhUngUhPmP gmPcTU]XPZhdhhP(XdWlP bUalnjPffPhdg XUWUgmhUggdfPc P ePfdaWPgYSgPhdfcPRPc &]iaSgali]RPc' ]UemdTdeaPmbP bUcclYgUWUhSgd]]UchgU]( UgUccU] XPhPgPfPcdjU]UTZU]P aUmUfginWPfRUXPhdaPgYbUalgUWU,9m dhjdmUhnaUc PSUad] XUWUgmhUgU]dfP RUXPhdaPngYbUalgUWP ]UhgmUfUgUfUcdhh( XP ,&-XIPndgjP]iibRPc hdfhUchP XUWUgmhUg,

9 XUWUgmhUgY]YgUfaUhU]RUcPmhjYmgnWPahP](XdWl Pm .--- XIPndg cdfbPacldbPgdc( YaaUhjUjP]iibRPc bY]UchjPahdmY]P jPffPhWUdbUhfYP,9 1, PRfPZdabihPhZP P ]YYadcRgUWU]Uh,

HggmUWmUg]UeeUcbUWPaaPeYhdhhP](XdWlP jP]iibRPc jUWmUhhaUmUfgiWPnfPg XUWUgmhUg&fdjYTYhUgU7EPKP' P TienaUkPSUad]cPa .- bb PmP jPghPWgPW(PbUalUhZdaaUXUhXUWUgmhUcY(TUP XUnWUgmhUgYgURUggUWSgd]]UchUgUjUaUmPjPghPWgPWcdjUaXUhd(bUWeUTYWPccPaYc]PRR(bYcUa]YgURRcldbPgdc hdfhUncY] P XUWUgmhUg,

MMKC,UjVdalPb /-.2-0

[

Page 3: SzeDJlezes rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai ... · ffF zs ss?N>KOUHT sHI t mHH SzeDJlezes>rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam

KUTATAS-FEJLESZTES

Dorzshegesztessel gyartottlancok korrozioallosaga [8]

Gsellmann es szerz6tarsai ausztenites(AISI 316L) es martenzites (AISI 440B)korr6zioa116 acelb61 linearis dbrzshe-gesztessel gyartott lancszemek (7. ab-ra) varratainak korr6zioa116sagat vizs-galtak kUlbnfele korr6zi6s vizsgalatok-kal (8. abra).

A vizsgalati eredmenyek ramutat-tak, hogy a 316L tipusu ausztenitesacel varrata jol e11ena11kulbnfele kor-r6zi6s hatasoknak, mig a martenzitesacel csak a gyenge korr6zi6s hatasok-kal szemben mutat ke1l6 ellenallast,es kifejezetten erzekeny a krist8.ly-kbzi korr6zi6ra (ami nem meglep6 a0,92% szentartalma alapjan). Mindketanyagra nezve a h6hatasbvezet bizo-nyult a hegesztett kbtes "leggyengebb

tos huzalok dramai nyulascsbkkenesetmutatta meg (18%a 43%-kal szemben).A h6kezeles utan vegzett -196°C-osut6vizsgalatban a Bi-mentes huza11alhegesztett varratfemek ut6munkaja 41J, a bizmutos varratoke pedig mind-bssze 12-14 J. Az uj, 82Ar-18C02 ve-d6gazra optimalizalt, Bi-ment es huza-lokkal elkerulhet6 az elridegedes, es asalaklevalas is problemamentes abbanaz esetben is, ha tiszta CO2 gazzal he-gesztik a varratokat.

Stabilizalt ferriteshegesztohuzalok r]

Dyja es szerz6tarsai azt vizsgaltak,hogy a duplan, niobiummal is, es ti-tannal is stabilizalt, ferrites korrozio-a110acel hegeszt6huzalok milyen e16-nybket nylijtanak a csak Nb-mal sta-bilizaltakhoz kepest a 96% Ar + 4%02 gazkeverekkel vegzett huzalelekt-rodas, ved6gazos hegesztessel keszUltvarratok eseteben. A stabilizalas alap-vet6 celja a kristalykbzi korroziora va-la erzekennye valas megakadalyoza-sa, de a varratfem szemcsedurvulasatis fekezi. Ebb61 a szempontb61 sokkalhatasosabb a kett6s stabilizalas, eztj6l mutatja a 6. abra.

Tovabbi e16nye a kett6s stabiliza-lasnak, hogy a varratfem kemenysegeszinte azonos marad az alapanyageval,mig a csak ni6biummal stabilizalt hu-zal eseten a varratfem 20-25%-kal iskemenyebb lehet a szemcsehatarmentimartenzitkepz6des miatt. Az elveg-zett, "dip and dry" tipusu korr6zi6svizsgalat azt mutatta, hogy a Nb + Tistabilizalas a varratfem korr6zioa116sa-gat is egyertelmuen jobba teszi.

Io--"-""-l7 abra: Linearis dorzshegesztessel

keszitett lancszem [B]

6. abra: 1.4509 tipusu ferrites korr6zi6a116acel varratanak keresztmetszete; a)

430LNb huzallal hegesztve, b) 430LNbTihuzallal hegesztve

es bntvenyek javitasakor. A bizmut-nak e karos hatasat felismerve olyaniranyelveket adtak ki (AWSA5.22:2012es API RP 582), amelyek a Bi mennyi-segenek maximumat 20 ppm-ben ha-taroztak meg a kritikus alkalmazasokalapanyagainak hegeszt6anyagaiban.

Az idezett szerz6k altal elvegzettnagyszabasu bsszehasonlito kiserlet-sorozatban azt vizsgaltak, hogy a ha-gyomanyos es a bizmutmentes (Bi <10 ppm), AISI 347, 347H, 308H es 309Lhuzalok milyen hegesztesi sajatossa-gokat mutatnak. A szobah6mersekle-ten vegzett szakitovizsgalat szerint avarratfemek szilardsaga azonos, am aBi-mentes varratok nyulasa nagyobb,az ut6munkaban az elteres pedig je-lent6snek mondhato (20% az elteres). A700°C-on - a hegesztest kbvet6 hOke-zeles je11egzetes h6mersekleten - veg-zett szakitovizsgalat pedig a bizmu-

5. abra: Salaklevalasi kiserlet egyretegu.es ketretegu. felrak6hegesztesnel [6]

Bizmutmentes porbeleshuzalok [&]

Ciccomascolo es szerz6tarsai a Bbhler-hegeszt6anyagok fejlesztesenek egyikuj eredmenyet ismertettek. A jelenleggyartott, ausztenites acel porbeles hu-zalok tartalmaznak egy keves bizmut-trioxidot (BiP3)' ami e16segiti a sa-laklevalast (5. abra) es a tiszta sze-gelyt, kulbnbsen a sarokvarratoknal. Avarratfem kb. 0,02% Bi-t tartalmaz. Aszakirodalomban olyan kutatasi ered-menyek jelentek meg, amelyek a Bi ka-ros hatasara mutattak ra: kristalykbzirepedes es id6 el6tti kuszasi karosodasa 650-750°C-on uzeme16 berendezesekvarrataiban, hegesztes utani h6keze-leskor, szenacel felrakohegesztesekor

4. abra: A varratgeometria 2205 tipusuduplex acel lezersugaras hegesztesekor [5]

XXVI. evfolyam 2015/3 67

Page 4: SzeDJlezes rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai ... · ffF zs ss?N>KOUHT sHI t mHH SzeDJlezes>rozsdaDJentes acelok IJegesztesenek europai kutatasaibol Sanoej' MkjXh] NZdjeovam

KUTATAS-FEJLESZTES

a)

..•""b)

B. abra: Kristalykozi korrozio a martenzitesacelon (a) es lyukkorrozios bemarodasok

az ausztenites acelon (b) fB]

lancszememek" korr6zi6s szempontb6l.A 316L acel korr6zi68.116saga bsszes-segeben csak kevesse csbkkent, mig amartenzites acele jelentos mertekben.

BefejezesIgyekeztunk a Hegesztestechnika olva-s6inak figyelmet felhivni a rozsdamen-

tes acelok hegesztesevel kapcsolatoslegujabb eur6pai kutatasi eredmenyek-re. Ha valaki bovebben is erdeklodika konferencia eloadasai irant, java-soljuk, keresse fel a konferencia hon-lapjat: www.stainlesssteel2015.org.Az elektronikus kbnyvkent megjelent,590 oldalas konferenciakiadvanyt pe-dig minden erdeklodonek szivesen el-kuldjuk.

Tovabbi j6 hegesztest!

Irodalom1.] Flockerzi P, Zinke M, Juttner S:

Influencing factors on pore formationin superduplex welds. 8th Europe-an Stainless Steel & Duplex StainlessSteel Conference, 28-30 April 2015,Graz, Austria, ASMET, Leoben 2015,pp 88-97

2.] Karlsson 1: Welding Duplex StainlessSteels - A review of currentrecommendations. Welding in TheWorld, 56 (2012:5-6) pp 65-76 .

3.] Arola R, Wendt J, Kivineva E: GasPorosity Defects in Duplex StainlessSteel Castings, Materials Science Fo-rum, 318-320 (1999) pp 297-302.

4.) Richter A: Electron beam welding ofduplex stainless steels. 8th Europe-an Stainless Steel & Duplex StainlessSteel Conference, 28-30 April 2015,Graz, Austria, ASMET, Leoben 2015,pp 108-117.

5.J Reisgen U, Olschok S, Jakobs S, Tur-ner C: Phenomenological study oflaser beam welding under vacuum ofduplex stainless steel. 8th Europe-

an Stainless Steel & Duplex StainlessSteel Conference, 28-30 April 2015,Graz, Austria, ASMET, Leoben 2015,pp 118-127.

6.) Ciccomascolo F, Westin EM,Schnitzer R, Maderthoner A:Stainless steel bismuth free flux-cored wires for high temperatureapplications. 8th European StainlessSteel & Duplex Stainless SteelConference, 28-30 April 2015, Graz,Austria, ASMET, Leoben 2015, pp128-137.

7.J Dyja D, Rybarz M, StradomskiG, Januszka A: The role of thestabilizing elements in the ferriticwelding wire in the microstructuraland corrosion properties of thestainless steel weld joints. 8th Eu-ropean Stainless Steel & DuplexStainless Steel Conference, 28-30April 2015, Graz, Austria, ASMET,Leoben 2015, pp 148-155.

8.J Gsellmann B, Huemer W, Vallant R,Sommitsch C: Corrosion resistanceof linear friction welded chain links.8th European Stainless Steel & Dup-lex Stainless Steel Conference, 28-30 April 2015, Graz, Austria, ASMET,Leoben 2015, pp 297-306.

Dobranszky Janos (tudomanyos tanacs-ado, MTA-BME Kompozittechnologiai

Kutatocsoport)

Kovacs Dorina (egyetemi hallgato, BMEGepeszmernoki Kar, Anyagtudomany

es Technologia Tanszek)

Rendezvenynap tarIdopont Hely Megnevezes Felvilagositas2015. szept. Nemetorszag

DVS Congress 2015 (D) nemet nyelvli14-19. Nurnberg

2015. szept. NurnbergDVS Expo (D) nemet nyelvli

15-17. Nemetorszag

2015. szept. Hajduszoboszl6 MHtE - hegesztesi felelosok tanacskozasa17-18. Magyarorszag 25 eves az MHtE

2015. szept.Nemetorszag DVS - Bundeswettbewerb "Jugend SchweiBt" DVS

24-27.

2015. szept. LinzFachmesse - 2015

29-okt. 1. Ausztria

2015. nov. Hamburg5. Tagung UNTERWASSERTECHNIK

10-11. Nemetorszag

2016.okt. MumbaiINDIA ESSEN WELDING & CUTTING 2016 (E)

5-7. Indiaangol nyelvli

2016.okt. SosnowiecInternational Welding Fair ExpoWELDING szervezo:

18-20 LengyelorszagKlSER6RENDEZvENY: Institute of welding in Gliwice,

58th Scientific-Technical Welding Conference. Poland

68 XXVI. evfolyam 2015/3