system selection for s tandtand--alone pv-dg tand …...night time round trip supply load dc...

System selection for Stand-alone PV-DG

Hybrid system 2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia

Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.

Leonics Co., Ltd. Thailand.

Phone: +66 8 1815 3787/ Email: [email protected]

System selection for SSystem selection for Standtand--alone PValone PV--DG DG

Hybrid system Hybrid system 2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia

Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.

Leonics Co., Ltd. Thailand.

Phone: +66 8 1815 3787/ Email: [email protected]

AgendasAgendas-DC and AC coupling PV energy systems

-Efficiency of each type

-Which one is better, DC or AC coupling?

-Load profile impact performance and energy cost

-What is the best solution?

-Real performance from system in operation

-Conclusion

2th Annual Solar Energy South East Asia Solar Energy South East Asia Nov 26, 2014 : Dr. Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD.

General Electrical Power SystemGeneral Electrical Power System

AC SHS

DC coupling Stand Alone

PV-WT Hybrid System

AC coupling Stand Alone

PV-WT Hybrid System

Urban AreaUrban Area

Power SystemPower System

Remote AreaRemote Area

Power SystemPower System

Stand-Alone

PV

Stand-Alone

PV

Stand-Alone

PV Hybrid

Stand-Alone

PV Hybrid

Stand-Alone PV Hybrid Mini-Grid


StandStand--alone Hybrid Minialone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System

StandStand--alonealone-System is not connected to utility power network

HybridHybrid-The system has more than one type of energy sources

- Diesel fuel by Diesel generator

- Solar energy by PV

- Wind energy by wind turbine

- Hydro energy by Hydro turbine

- Biomass / Biogas energy

MiniMini--GridGrid

-There are group of users or villages who consume power

from the system via local distribution line


Why the Hybrid System should be Why the Hybrid System should be

considered to implement? considered to implement?


Source: Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2013, IEA

Why the Hybrid System should be considered to implement?

- There are people in remote area live without electricity


Simple StandSimple Stand--alone Hybrid Minialone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System

One Inverter, One Diesel GeneratorOne Inverter, One Diesel Generator

From 5 kW to 300 kWFrom 5 kW to 300 kW


StandStand--Alone PV system Design Concept usingAlone PV system Design Concept using

DC Coupling : PV energy goes into system at DC Bus


StandStand--Alone PV system Design Concept usingAlone PV system Design Concept using

Bi-Directional Inverter

Grid Connect Inverter

AC Load

AC Bus

AC Coupling : PV energy goes into system at AC Bus


AC Coupling VS DC CouplingAC Coupling VS DC Coupling

AC coupling Stand Alone

PV-WT Hybrid System




PV-WT Hybrid System

InverterCharge Controller

AC Load

AC Load

Efficiency from PV to supply load = 96% Efficiency from PV to supply load = 93.1%

96% 95%

98%

Real Load = Load + BDI Loss

Day time system efficiency when PV supply Load





PV-WT Hybrid System


AC Load

AC Load

96% 98%


90%

90%

95%

82.08% from 100% of PV output


Day time system efficiency when PV charge battery

Efficiency of PV energy path

to charge Battery = 88.2%

Efficiency of PV energy path

to charge Battery = 82.08%





PV-WT Hybrid System


AC Load

AC Load

95%

95%98%


95%

95%


Efficiency from PV to battery and

Back to supply load = 74.07%

Efficiency from PV to battery and

Back to supply load = 79.6%

Night time system overall efficiency when battery supply load


95%


- Both of them are good in different time

- DC coupling is better when PV is used to charge battery

- AC coupling is better when PV is used to direct supply

load

- DC or AC coupling which one is better should be

effected by Load profile that the PV system operates.

System

Efficiency

Day time

charge in to

Battery

Day time supply

to Load

Night time round

trip supply load

DC Coupling 88.20% 93.1% 79.60%

AC Coupling 82.08% 96.0% 74.07%


Cost of Energy comparision Cost of Energy comparision

from using DC or AC Couplingfrom using DC or AC Coupling

whenwhen

Load Profiles are different Load Profiles are different

simulated by using HOMERsimulated by using HOMER


1.1. Uses HOMER to simulate cost of energyUses HOMER to simulate cost of energy

2.2. Same load energy consumption per day Same load energy consumption per day

3.3. Same PV power, Converter, Battery capacitySame PV power, Converter, Battery capacity

4.4. Change Load Profile Change Load Profile

-- Flat Load, Flat Load,

-- High Day time Load, High Day time Load,

-- High Night time LoadHigh Night time Load

5. Change PV configuration5. Change PV configuration

-- PV on AC busPV on AC bus

-- PV on DC busPV on DC bus


Cost of Energy

(USD/kWh)

PV AC Coupling PV DC Coupling


The Hybrid DC and AC coupling Hybrid DC and AC coupling can benefit by using better point of both PV at DC and AC coupling.

96%

98%

Direct Supply load 96%

form AC Coupling

Direct Charge Battery 98%

From DC Coupling

Balance fluctuation

of the Sun


Bidirectional InverterMPPT Charge Controller



MPPT Charge Controller


Bidirectional Inverter


95%

Supply Night time Load

With efficiency 95%

form Battery

The Hybrid DC and AC coupling Hybrid DC and AC coupling can benefit by using better point of both PV at DC and AC coupling.


MPPT Charge ControllerBidirectional Inverter


HOMER Pro simulation with DC and AC coupling

with real village load profile


Hybrid DCHybrid DC--AC design approachAC design approachHybrid DCHybrid DC--AC Coupling can improve system efficient 3AC Coupling can improve system efficient 3--7% by 7% by

Use AC Coupling for Day time LoadUse AC Coupling for Day time Load

Use DC Coupling to Charge BatteryUse DC Coupling to Charge Battery

for Night time Load for Night time Load


Load Profile of haminadhoo

Night Day Pattern load Real load

0:00 160.14 160.14 160.14

1:00 159.36 159.36 159.36

2:00 159.19 159.19 159.19

3:00 157.34 157.34 157.34

4:00 163.41 163.41 163.41

5:00 172.91 172.91 172.91

6:00 159.77 159.77 159.77

7:00 134.07 134.07 134.07

8:00 136.86 136.86 136.86

9:00 130.50 130.50 130.50

10:00 131.74 131.74 131.74

11:00 122.52 122.52 122.52

12:00 113.62 113.62 113.62

13:00 109.95 109.95 109.95

14:00 124.35 124.35 124.35

15:00 133.20 133.20 133.20

16:00 147.33 147.33 147.33

17:00 162.66 162.66 162.66

18:00 222.78 222.78 222.78

19:00 247.30 247.30 247.30

20:00 222.51 222.51 222.51

21:00 210.96 210.96 210.96

22:00 194.16 194.16 194.16

23:00 182.50 182.50 182.50

kWh 2,709.06 1,150.07 3859.13 3859.2

Ratio 70.20% 29.80% Peak power 247.30

160.80 Cal Average 160.8

225.12 kWh per hours

Average Load/h

Add Increase factory 40%

Design DC Couple side by using nigh time energy consumption Design DC Couple side by using nigh time energy consumption

and AC Coupling side using day time energy consumptionand AC Coupling side using day time energy consumption


% pf PV % of Fuel Produce CO2

100.00% 0.00% - kg/day

Irradia tion 6.37 kWh/m2.day

Ambi ent Temp. 31.8oC

Peak Load 247.30 kW Aver. Load 160.80 kW/h Tota l Load 3859.20 kWh/Day

# of Inverter 250 kW

3 Uni ts

Units

300.00 1 units

Back Up DG Power ra ting 300.00 kW AC Coupling PV 700.00 kWp

Consume Dies el Fuel - Li ters /day Installation Area 5967.50 m2

Fuel Consumption rate 0.28 Liter/kWh

Battery 9000.00 Ah

8 480 Vdc

Units 240.00 Cel ls Annua l Load Energy cons umption 1,408,608 kWh

Annua l Energy generated form PV 1,901,181 kWh

Expect Batt Li fe 5.95 Years Annua l Dies el fuel cons umption - Li ters

Replace fuel @ Energy Price 0.347 IPP 0.340 USD/kWh

DC Coupling PV 500.00 kWp Annua l Dies el fuel reduction 0 Li ters

Installation Area 4262.50 m2

Annua l Dies el fuel amount s aving 0 USD

Total Investment 2,747,641 USD

Simpl e Pay back period 5.62 Years

Project Li fe 18 Year

Confidentia l information, this hybrid minigrid design is property of Leoni cs Co., Ltd., may not reproduce without prio noti ce to Leonics Co., Ltd.Project IRR reduce us e of fuel 10.19% IPP 9.69% %

Averag daily system operation condition and consumptions Site Name : TG. Labian

Project Owner : Site Location (Lat./Long.) : 5.18o N 119.24

o E

Des ign by :Wuthipong S. Version/Rev. : 1A Date :16-Sep-14 Alti tude : Meter (ASL)

Bidirectiona Inverter

MPPT charger

16

0.1

15

9.4

15

9.2

15

7.3

16

3.4

17

2.9

15

9.8

13

4.1

13

6.9

13

0.5

13

1.7

12

2.5

11

3.6

11

0.0

12

4.4

13

3.2

14

7.3

16

2.7 22

2.8

24

7.3

22

2.5

21

1.0

19

4.2

18

2.5

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

kW

Real load Profile

Grid Connected Inverter


MW scale StandMW scale Stand--Alone Hybrid MiniAlone Hybrid Mini--Grid SystemGrid System

Kema850 kWp (PV)

850 kW (I)4,800 kWh (B)

1600 kW (DG)

Banggi1,200 kWp (PV)

2,075 kW (I)2,880 kWh (B)

1,650 kVA (DG)

Tanjung Labian1,212 kWp (PV)

1,650 kW (I)4,320 kWh (B)

1250 kW (DG)

Bario906 kWp (PV)

1,100 kW (I)3,860 kWh (B)

1,443 kVA (DG)

(PV) = Photovoltaic Module, (I) = BDI + GCI, (B) = Battery, (DG) = Diesel Generator

3.45MW

3.30MW

4.93MW

4.45MW

X.xxMW

Total Power of INV+DG+PV

T&C 14-Nov-12

T&C 19-Nov-12

T&C 25-Jan-14

Bi-directionalBattery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW

MPPT Charge Controller70 kW x3 = 210kW

GS

Diesel Generator350kW 500kW 500kW

GS GS

PV on AC Coupling

Remote Station

Grid Connect Inverter 75kW x 3 = 225kW

Battery480Vdc 720 kWh

Battery480Vdc 2,880 kWh

Banggi

4.93MW


PV-DG Main Power station t Banggi Island, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia

COD on : 25 January 2014


BDI 3BDI 2

BDI 1

Charge ControllerGCI 3

GCI 2

GCI 1


ConclusionsConclusions-Both DC and AC coupling are good in different time

-DC coupling is better when using with high nigh time load

-AC coupling is better when using directly supply load at day time

-The best performance is using both DC and AC coupling together in

a PV system.

-Load profile is useful in determining portion of DC and AC coupling

to supply energy to PV system

-HOMER Pro simulation software has simulation result that Hybrid

DC and AC coupling has lower cost of energy than using DC coupling

or AC coupling alone.

-There are hybrid PV-DG power plants in operation using DC-AC

coupling design and have plant performance as design calculation.


Thank you for bring us electricity

Children in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electricity, Dec 2012

Thank you for bring us electricityThank you for bring us electricity

Children in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electrChildren in Papua, Indonesia at the moment that they have electricity, Dec 2012icity, Dec 2012

system selection for s tandtand--alone pv-dg tand …...night time round trip supply load dc...

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