swedish waste management - aktualnościsdr.gdos.gov.pl/documents/wizyty/szwecja/swedish waste...

2015-05-19Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 1

2015-05-19

Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

1

Swedish Waste Management

Catarina Östlund

Waste and Chemicals section

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Section on Guidance of Environmental Hazardous Activities

[email protected]

www.naturvardsverket.se

Outline

• Swedish EPA – our role waste management

• Environmental objectives and overall strategy

• National waste plan

• Household waste

• Waste treatment

• Waste incineration


Swedish EPA – our role waste management

• Produce regulation, guidelines

• Licensing process concerning environmental hazardous

activities – consultation, right to appeal against a permit

• National waste management plan and program for

prevention of waste

• Support government in EU policy, take part in EU-

committees implementing EU-legislation

• Waste council


Swedish EPA – our role waste management

• Follow up and monitoring environmental objectives

• Waste statistics

• License for export and import of waste

• Inspection and register WEEE and packaging waste



Other actors - responsibilites

• MunicipalitiesTreatment of household waste, waste management planning, Supervision

• County administrative boards

Issue permits waste facilities (landfills, incineration plants etc). Supervision

• Environmental courts

Issue permits for large waste facilities

• Ministry of environment (ordinances, EU negotiations etc)

• Other national agencies:- The Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning

- Swedish Chemicals Agency (REACH, ecodesign)

- National Food Agency (reduce food waste)

- Swedish Board of Agriculture (ABP)

- Swedish Energy Agency (grants for biogas production)

• Industry and enterprises

Responsible for waste management on free market

“… hand over to the next

generation a society in which the

major environmental problems in

Sweden have been solved,

without increasing environ-

mental and health problems

outside Sweden’s borders.”

RIKSDAG DECISION ON THE

ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

PHOTO: ELLIOT ELLIOT/JOHNÉR

Generational goal


16 Environmental Quality Objectives

1. Reduced Climate Impact

2. Clean Air

3. Natural Acidification Only

4. A Non-Toxic Environment

5. A Protective Ozone Layer

6. A Safe Radiation Environment

7. Zero Eutrophication

8. Flourishing Lakes and Streams

9. Good-Quality Groundwater

10. A Balanced Marine Environment,

Flourishing Coastal Areas and

Archipelagos

10. Thriving Wetlands

11. Sustainable Forests

12. A Varied Agricultural

Landscape

13. A Magnificent Mountain

Landscape

15. A Good Built Environment

16. A Rich Diversity of Plant and

Animal Life


The waste hierarchy- basic principle for

waste management

Prevention

Reuse

Preparation for reuse

Recycling

Energy recover

Disposal

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

Material recycling

Incineration

Landfill

Biological treament

Producer

responsibility

Landfill taxLandfill ban

(organic)

Landfill ban

(combustible)

MSW

collecte

d [

Mto

n/y

r]Treatment household waste

Municipal planning

2015-05-19Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 102015-05-19Naturvårdsverket | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 10

Legislation and Policy tools

• Municipal waste planning (1991)

• Producer responsibilities (1994)

• Landfill tax (2000; 27 E/t => 40 E/t)

• Tax on incinerated household waste (2006-2010)

• Landfill ban on combustible (2002) and organic waste

(2005)

• Governmental investment support in recycling (1998-2008)

• Higher standards on incineration (2008) and landfilling

(2005)


Producer responsibility - areas

• Electrical/electronic products

• Cars

• Packaging

• Newspaper

• Tyres

• Office paper (voluntary agreement)

• Building- and demolition waste (voluntary agreement)

• Farming plastics (voluntary agreement)

From waste Management to Resource Efficiency Sweden´s new national waste management plan 2012-2017

• Challenge and vision

• Waste management today

• Towards greater resource efficiency

• Areas of priority


Towards greater resource efficiency

• Find new instruments for fulfilling waste hierachy

• Manufacturing of sustainable products

• Increase recycling of good quality

• Use of material stored in society (urban mining, landfill mining)



National waste management plan 2012-2017

- areas of priority:

• Reuse and recycle of construction and demolition waste

• Reuse and recycle of household waste (including less littering)- textiles- electric and electronical waste- littering

• Improve the resource efficiency in the food chain- less food waste- recycle of nutrients from food waste

• Reduce the risk of the spread of hazardous substances from waste treatment- old landfills- fire in waste storage- motor vehicle disposal

• Stop the illegal export of waste

http://www.ban.org/photogallery/index.html#Guiyu

http://www.ban.org/photogallery/index.html#Guiyu

Measures examples

• Municipalities: Offer reuse at recycling centres

• Textile industry: Voluntary producer responsibility

• Swedish National Food Administration: Advice

consumers how to reduce their food waste

• Incineration facilities: Continuously sample emissions of dioxins

• Swedish EPA: National action plan for supervision of cross-border

waste transportation



Ex targets

• 2018 at least 50 % biological recycling of food waste

• 2020 at least 70 % reuse and recycle of construction and

demolition waste

http://www.ksrr.se/ksrr_bild/aktuellt/matavfall.jpg

http://www.ksrr.se/ksrr_bild/aktuellt/matavfall.jpg


Household waste


Household waste

(461 kg/capita)

Incineration (50%)

Recycling

(33%)

Biological

treatment

(16%)

Landfill (0,7%)

Treatment of household waste in Sweden

2013

Hazardous

waste (1,4%)


Examples of recycling stations in Sweden

(6 000 in total)


Example kerbside collection in 8 fractions:

paper, newsprints, white and coloured glass, metal,

plastic, biowaste, restfraction to landfill


Recycling targets for packages and newsprint(results 2012)

• Glas 70 % (88%)

• Metal 65 % (67%)

• Paper/cardboard 70 % (77%)

• Plastic 30 % (29%)

• Newsprint/paper 80%


Municipal recycling centres

− 600 (One central per 10 000 - 25 000 inhabitants)

− “Collection centrals” in municipality for:

bulky waste: often separated into combustible and non-combustible,

scrap, etc.

garden waste

hazardous waste

scrap from households

WEEE (electronic waste)


Collection results for WEEE

16.3 kg collected waste per inhabitant and year

Recycling of household waste (tonnes)

2008 2012

Return paper 459,000 358,070

Packaging 739,140 618,940

WEEE 122,900 116,440

Refrigerator units 28,800 24,620

Portable batteries 1,830 3,460

Scrap metal 152,000 153,000

Gypsum - 17,520

Flat glass - 1,250

Plastic, non

packaging

- 4,010



Biological treatment

• Plants in 2013:

- 41 larger composting facilities: 528 470 ton

- 24 anaerobic digestion facilities:

total amount: 945 550 tonnes

(225 320 ton household waste)


Waste

incineration

• About 32 plants outside of industry

• Waste to incineration in 2013: 5,3 million tonnes (household 2,2)

Plans for 2018: 5,8 - 7 million tonnes

• All cities have large district heating systems which need energy most of the

year

• Emissions of dioxins and heavy metals down 95-99%


Landfilling

• Number of landfills are decreasing

−2008: 157 landfills



• Leachate

−90 % is collected and treated before discharge

• Landfill gas

−0,27 TWh gas is recovered as energy (at 57 sites)

WASTE INCINERATION



Waste

incineration

• About 32 plants outside of industry

• Waste to incineration in 2012: 5,0 million tonnes (household 2,8)

Plans for 2018: 5,8 - 7 million tonnes

• Import 0,55 million tonnes (0,17 household waste)

• All cities have large district heating systems which need energy most of the

year

• Emissions of dioxins and heavy metals down 95-99%

Energy and waste from

waste incineration 2012

• 14,7 TWh energy

- 13 TWh heat

- 1,7 TWh electricity

• Sweden highest rate of energy recovery from waste incineration

in Europe

• Slag from the furnace 15–20 percent by weight of the treated

waste

• Flue gas treatment residues 3–5 percent by weight


Coal, Oil, Natural gas Peat, Waste, Biomass

Electric boiler, Heat pumps Industrial waste

heat

1980 1993 2008

Oil

Waste HeatBiomass

Waste

1980

Oil

Coal

Naturalgas

Wasteheat

Biomass

Peat

Waste

Heatpumps

Elc.

1993

Lower demand due to energy

savings. Increased market share!

District

Heating

Fossilfuels

Biomass

Peat

Waste

Elc

2008

Heatpumps Waste

heat

2030

Fossilfuels

Waste Heat

Biomass

45 %

Waste

40 %

Heatpumps

Why such an increase in Swedish waste

incineration?

• Powerful instruments steering from landfilling to recycling

(landfill tax, landfill ban)

• Need of heat, district heating system in all big cities

• High technology

- high energy efficiency

- low emissions

• Today ”public trust”, problems in the 1980´s

• Import of waste


Waste import for energy recovery (1999-2013)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 [kton]

TotalPlants for

mixed waste

swedish waste management - aktualnościsdr.gdos.gov.pl/documents/wizyty/szwecja/swedish waste...

Documents