supercapacitors fm series - kemet · supercapacitors – fm series item fmr type test conditions...

1© KEMET Electronics Corporation • P.O. Box 5928 • Greenville, SC 29606 • 864-963-6300 • www.kemet.com S6012_FM • 3/29/2017One world. One KEMET

Benefits

• Rectangular case• Widerangeoftemperaturefrom−25°Cto+70°C(alltypesexceptFMR)and−40°Cto+85°C(FMRtype)

• Maintenance free• 3.5 VDC, 5.5 VDC, and 6.5 VDC• Highlyreliableagainstliquidleakage• Lead-free and RoHS Compliant• Leadscanbetransversemounted

Overview

FMSeriesSupercapacitors,alsoknownasElectricDouble-LayerCapacitors(EDLCs),areintendedforhighenergystorage applications.

Applications

Supercapacitors have characteristics ranging from traditionalcapacitorsandbatteries.Asaresult,supercapacitorscanbeusedlikeasecondarybatterywhenappliedinaDCcircuit.Thesedevicesarebestsuitedfor use in low voltage DC hold-up applications such as embeddedmicroprocessorsystemswithflashmemory.

Supercapacitors

FM Series

Part Number System

FM 0H 223 Z F TP 16

SeriesMaximum

Operating VoltageCapacitanceCode(F)

Capacitance Tolerance

Environmental TapeTypeHeight

(excludinglead)

FMFMEFMLFMRFMC

0V = 3.5 VDC 0H = 5.5 VDC 0J = 6.5 VDC

First two digits representsignificantfigures.Thirddigitspecifiesnumberof

zeros.

Z=−20/+80% F = Lead-free TP=AMMOL1 = Transverse mountingBlank = Bulk

16 = 16 mm18 = 18 mmBlank = Bulk

2© KEMET Electronics Corporation • P.O. Box 5928 • Greenville, SC 29606 • 864-963-6300 • www.kemet.com S6012_FM • 3/29/2017

Supercapacitors – FM Series

Dimensions – Millimeters

A ±0.5

5 ±10.4 ±0.1

D1 ±0.1 D2 ±0.1

B ±0.5

5 ±0.5

T ±0.5

Part Number A B T D1 D2

FM0H103ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FM0H223ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FM0H473ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FM0H104ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FM0H224ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FM0V473ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FM0V104ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FM0V224ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FM0J473ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4

FME0H223ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FME0H473ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FML0H333ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FMR0H473ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FMR0H104ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FMR0V104ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FMC0H473ZF 11.5 10.5 5.0 0.5 0.4FMC0H104ZF 11.5 10.5 6.5 0.5 0.4FMC0H334ZF 15.0 14.0 9.0 0.6 0.6

Lead Terminal Forming

L=2.2 to 5mm

Lead length designation For transverse mounting <L1>

Add “L1” to the end of bulk part number for transverse mounting option



Performance Characteristics

Supercapacitorsshouldnotbeusedforapplicationssuchasrippleabsorptionbecauseoftheirhighinternalresistance(severalhundredmΩtoahundredΩ)comparedtoaluminumelectrolyticcapacitors.Thus,itsmainusewouldbesimilartothatofsecondarybatterysuchaspowerback-upinDCcircuit.Thefollowinglistshowsthecharacteristicsofsupercapacitorsascomparedtoaluminumelectrolyticcapacitorsforpowerback-upandsecondarybatteries.

Secondary Battery CapacitorNiCd Lithium Ion AluminumElectrolytic Supercapacitor

Back-upability – – – –

Eco-hazard Cd – – –

Operating Temperature Range −20to+60°C −20to+50°C −55to+105°C −40to+85°C(FR,FT)

Charge Time few hours few hours few seconds few seconds

Charge/Discharge Life Time approximately500times approximately500to1,000times limitless(*1) limitless(*1)

Restrictions on Charge/Discharge yes yes none none

Flow Soldering notapplicable notapplicable applicable applicable

AutomaticMounting notapplicable notapplicable applicable applicable(FMandFCseries)

SafetyRisks leakage, explosion leakage,combustion,explosion, ignition heat-up, explosion gasemission(*2)

(*1) Aluminum electrolytic capacitors and supercapacitors have limited lifetime. However, when used under proper conditions, both can operate within a predetermined lifetime.(*2) There is no harm as it is a mere leak of water vapor which transitioned from water contained in the electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid). However, application of abnormal voltage surge exceeding maximum operating voltage may result in leakage and explosion.

Typical Applications

Intended Use (Guideline) Power Supply (Guideline) Application Examples of Equipment Series

Longtimeback-up 500μAandbelow CMOS microcomputer, IC for clocks

CMOS microcomputer,staticRAM/DTS

(digitaltuningsystem)FM series

Environmental Compliance

AllKEMETsupercapacitorsareRoHSCompliant.

RoHS Compliant



Table 1 – Ratings & Part Number Reference

Part NumberMaximum Operating

Voltage (VDC)

Nominal CapacitanceMaximum ESR

at 1 kHz (Ω)

Maximum Current at 30 Minutes (mA)

Voltage Holding Characteristic Minimum (V)

Weight (g)Charge

System (F)Discharge System (F)

FM0V473ZF 3.5 0.047 0.06 200 0.042 — 1.3FMR0V104ZF 3.5 0.10 — 50 0.090 — 1.6FM0V104ZF 3.5 0.10 0.13 100 0.090 — 1.3FM0V224ZF 3.5 0.22 0.30 100 0.20 — 1.6FM0H103ZF 5.5 0.01 0.014 300 0.015 4.2 1.3

FME0H223ZF 5.5 0.022 0.028 40 0.033 — 1.3FM0H223ZF 5.5 0.022 0.028 200 0.033 4.2 1.3

FML0H333ZF 5.5 — 0.033 6.5 0.050 — 1.3FME0H473ZF 5.5 0.047 0.06 20 0.071 — 1.3FMC0H473ZF 5.5 0.047 0.06 100 0.071 4.2 1.3FM0H473ZF 5.5 0.047 0.06 200 0.071 4.2 1.3

FMR0H473ZF 5.5 0.047 0.062 200 0.071 4.2 1.6FMR0H104ZF 5.5 0.10 — 50 0.15 4.2 1.6FMC0H104ZF 5.5 0.10 0.13 50 0.15 4.2 1.6FM0H104ZF 5.5 0.10 0.13 100 0.15 4.2 1.6FM0H224ZF 5.5 — 0.22 100 0.33 4.2 1.6

FMC0H334ZF 5.5 — 0.33 25 0.50 4.2 3.5FM0J473ZF 6.5 0.047 0.062 200 0.071 — 1.6



Specifications – All Types Except FMR

Item FM 5.5 V Type, 3.5 V Type, 6.5 V Type, FMC Type FML Type, FME Type Test Conditions

(conforming to JIS C 5160-1)CategoryTemperatureRange −25°Cto+70°C −25°Cto+70°C

Maximum Operating Voltage 5.5 VDC, 3.5 VDC, 6.5 VDC 5.5 VDC

Capacitance RefertoTable1 RefertoTable1 Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

CapacitanceAllowance +80%,−20% +80%,−20% Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

ESR RefertoTable1 RefertoTable1 Measuredat1kHz,10mA;Seealso“Measurement Conditions”

Current(30minutesvalue) RefertoTable1 RefertoTable1 Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

Surge

Capacitance >90%ofinitialratings >90%ofinitialratings

Surge voltage:

Charge:Discharge:

Numberofcycles:Series resistance:

Discharge resistance:

Temperature:

4.0V(3.5Vtype)6.3V(5.5Vtype)7.4V(6.5Vtype)30 seconds9 minutes 30 seconds1,0000.010F1,500Ω0.022F 560Ω0.033F 510Ω0.047F 300Ω0.068F 240Ω0.10F 150Ω0.22F 56Ω0.33F 51Ω

0Ω70±2°C

ESR ≤120%ofinitialratings ≤120%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutes value) ≤120%ofinitialratings ≤120%ofinitialratings

Appearance Noobviousabnormality Noobviousabnormality

Characteristics in Different Temperature

Capacitance Phase 2

≥50%of initial value Phase

2

≥50%of initial value

Conforms to 4.17Phase 1:Phase 2:Phase 4:Phase 5:Phase 6:

+25±2°C−25±2°C+25±2°C+70±2°C+25±2°C

ESR ≤400%of initial value

≤400%orless than initial value

Capacitance Phase 3

Phase 3ESR

Capacitance

Phase 5

≤200%of initial value

Phase 5

≤200%of initial value

ESR Satisfyinitial ratings

Satisfyinitial ratings

Current(30minutes value) ≤1.5CV(mA) ≤1.5CV(mA)

Capacitance

Phase 6

Within±20%of initial value

Phase 6

Within±20% of initial value

ESR Satisfyinitial ratings


Current(30minutes value)



VibrationResistance

Capacitance

Satisfyinitialratings Satisfyinitialratings

Conforms to 4.13Frequency:

Testing Time: 10 to 55 Hz6 hours

ESR



Solderability Over3/4oftheterminalshouldbecoveredbythenewsolder

Over3/4oftheterminalshouldbecoveredbythenewsolder

Conforms to 4.11Solder temp:Dipping time:

+245±5°C5±0.5 seconds

1.6mmfromthebottomshouldbedipped.



Specifications – All Types Except FMR cont’d

Item FM 5.5 V Type, 3.5 V Type, 6.5 V Type, FMC Type FML Type, FME Type Test Conditions

(conforming to JIS C 5160-1)

Solder Heat Resistance

Capacitance



+260±10°C10±1 secondsESR


Appearance Noobviousabnormality Noobviousabnormality 1.6mmfromthebottomshouldbedipped.

Temperature Cycle

Capacitance


Conforms to 4.12Temperature

Condition:

Numberofcycles:

−25°C» Room temperature»+70°C »Roomtemperature5cycles

ESR



High Temperature and High HumidityResistance

Capacitance Within±20%ofinitialvalue Within±20%ofinitialvalue Conforms to 4.14Temperature:

Relativehumidity:Testing time:

+40±2°C90to95%RH240±8 hours

ESR ≤120%ofinitialratings ≤120%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutes value) ≤120%ofinitialratings ≤120%ofinitialratings


High Temperature Load

Capacitance Within±30%ofinitialvalue Within±30%ofinitialvalueConforms to 4.15

Temperature: Voltage applied:

Series protection resistance:

Testing time:

+70±2°CMaximum operating voltage

0Ω1,000+48(+48/−0)hours

ESR <200%ofinitialratings <200%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutes value) <200%ofinitialratings <200%ofinitialratings


Self Discharge Characteristics (VoltageHoldingCharacteristics)

5.5Vtype: Voltagebetweenterminal leads > 4.2 V3.5Vtype: Notspecified6.5Vtype: Notspecified

Charging conditionVoltage applied:

Series resistance: Charging time:

5.0VDC(Terminalatthecasesidemustbenegative)0Ω24 hours

StorageLetstandfor24hoursinconditiondescribedbelowwithterminalsopened.

Ambienttemperature:

Relativehumidity:<25°C<70%RH



Item FMR Type Test Conditions (conforming to JIS C 5160-1)

CategoryTemperatureRange −40°Cto+85°C

Maximum Operating Voltage 5.5 VDC, 3.5 VDC

Capacitance RefertoTable1 Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

CapacitanceAllowance +80%,−20% Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

ESR RefertoTable1 Measuredat1kHz,10mA;Seealso“Measurement Conditions”

Current(30minutesvalue) RefertoTable1 Refer to “Measurement Conditions”

Surge

Capacitance Morethan90%ofinitialratingsSurge voltage:

Charge:Discharge:

Numberofcycles:Series resistance:

Discharge resistance:

Temperature:

4.0V(3.5Vtype)6.3V(5.5Vtype)30 seconds9 minutes 30 seconds1,0000.047F 300Ω0.10F 150Ω

0Ω85±2°C

ESR Nottoexceed120%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutesvalue) Nottoexceed120%ofinitialratings

Appearance Noobviousabnormality

Characteristics in Different Temperature

CapacitancePhase 2

50%higherthaninitialvalue Conforms to 4.17Phase 1:Phase 2:Phase 3:Phase 4:Phase 5:Phase 6:

+25±2°C−25±2°C−40±2°C+25±2°C+70±2°C+25±2°C

ESR 400%orlessthaninitialvalue

CapacitancePhase 3

30%orhigherthaninitialvalue

ESR 700%orlessthaninitialvalue

Capacitance

Phase 5

200%orlessthaninitialvalue

ESR Satisfyinitialratings

Current(30minutesvalue) 1.5CV(mA)orbelow

Capacitance

Phase 6

Within±20%ofinitialvalue

ESR Satisfyinitialratings

Current(30minutesvalue) Satisfyinitialratings

LeadStrength(tensile) No terminal damage Conforms to 4.9

VibrationResistance

Capacitance

SatisfyinitialratingsConforms to 4.13

Frequency:Testing Time:

10 to 55 Hz6 hours

ESR

Current(30minutesvalue)


Solderability Over3/4oftheterminalshouldbecoveredbythenewsolder


+245±5°C5±0.5 seconds

1.6mmfromthebottomshouldbedipped.

Solder Heat Resistance

Capacitance


Solder temp:Dipping time:

+260±10°C10±1 secondsESR


Appearance Noobviousabnormality 1.6mmfromthebottomshouldbedipped.

TemperatureCycle

Capacitance


Temperature Condition:

Numberofcycles:

−40°C»Roomtemperature»+85°C»Room temperature5cycles

ESR



Specifications – FMR Type



Specifications – FMR Type cont’d

Marking

5.5V 473

A1E

+–

Nominal capacitance

E: FME type markingL: FML type markingR: FMR type markingC: FMC type marking

Negative polarity identification

Date codePolarity

Maximum operatingvoltage

Item FMR Type Test Conditions (conforming to JIS C 5160-1)

High Temperature and HighHumidityResistance

Capacitance Within±20%ofinitialvalue Conforms to 4.14Temperature:

Relativehumidity:Testing time:

+40±2°C90to95%RH240±8 hours

ESR Nottoexceed120%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutesvalue) Nottoexceed120%ofinitialratings


High Temperature Load

Capacitance Within±30%ofinitialvalueConforms to 4.15

Temperature: Voltage applied:

Series protection resistance:

Testing time:

+85±2°CMaximum operating voltage

0Ω1,000+48(+48/−0)hours

ESR Below200%ofinitialratings

Current(30minutesvalue) Below200%ofinitialratings


Self Discharge Characteristics (VoltageHoldingCharacteristics)

5.5Vtype: Voltagebetweenterminalleadshigher than 4.2 V

Charging conditionVoltage applied:

Series resistance: Charging time:

5.0VDC(Terminalatthecasesidemustbenegative)0Ω24 hours

3.5Vtype: Notspecified

StorageLetstandfor24hoursinconditiondescribedbelowwithterminalsopened.

Ambienttemperature:

Relativehumidity:

Lowerthan25°CLowerthan70%RH



Packaging Quantities

Part Number Bulk Quantity per BoxStraight Lead

Bulk Quantity per BoxL1 Lead Option Ammo Pack Quantity

FM0H103ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0H223ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0H473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0H104ZF 1,000 pieces 800 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0H224ZF 1,000 pieces 800 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0V473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0V104ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0V224ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFM0J473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces

FME0H223ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFME0H473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFML0H333ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMR0H473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMR0H104ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMR0V104ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMC0H473ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMC0H104ZF 1,000 pieces 1,000 pieces 1,000 piecesFMC0H334ZF 400 pieces 300 pieces 400 pieces



Ammo Pack Taping Format (Except FMC0H334ZFTP)

+– +–

P2

b

P1 F W4

P0 D0

c

t3

t2

t1

∆hP

W1

W0

W

H

L

a

W2

Ammo Pack Taping Specifications (Except FMC0H334ZFTP)

Item Symbol Dimensions (mm)

Component Height a 11.5±0.5

Component Width b 10.5±0.5

Component Thickness c Referto“Dimensions”table

Lead-Wire Width W4 0.5±0.1

Lead-Wire Thickness t3 0.4±0.1

Component Pitch P 12.7±1.0

Sprocket Hole Pitch P0 12.7±0.3

Sprocket Hole Center to Lead Center P1 3.85±0.7

Sprocket Hole Center to Component Center P2 6.35±0.7

Lead Spacing F 5.0±0.5

ComponentAlignment(side/side) ∆h 2.0 Maximum

Carrier Tape Width W 18.0+1.0/−0.5

Hold-Down Tape Width W0 12.5 Minimum

Sprocket Hole Position W1 9.0±0.5

Hold-Down Tape Position W2 3.0 Maximum

HeighttoSeatingPlane(leadlength) H 16.0±0.5/18.0±0.5

Sprocket Hole Diameter D0 ø 4.0±0.2

Carrier Tape Thickness t1 0.7±0.2

TotalThickness(CarrierTape,Hold-DownTapeandLead) t2 1.5 Maximum

Cut Out Length L 11.0 Maximum



Ammo Pack Taping Format (FMC0H334ZFTP)

+– +–

P2

b

P1 F W4

P0 D0

c

t3

t2

t1

∆hP

W1

W0

W

H

L

a

W2

Ammo Pack Taping Specifications (FMC0H334ZFTP)

Item Symbol Dimensions (mm)

Component Height a 15.0±0.5

Component Width b 14.0±0.5

Component Thickness c 9.0±0.5

Lead-Wire Width W4 0.6±0.1

Lead-Wire Thickness t3 0.6±0.1

Component Pitch P 25.4±1.0

Sprocket Hole Pitch P0 12.7±0.3

Sprocket Hole Center to Lead Center P1 3.85±0.7

Sprocket Hole Center to Component Center P2 6.35±0.7

Lead Spacing F 5.0±0.5

ComponentAlignment(side/side) ∆h 2.0 Maximum

Carrier Tape Width W 18.0+1.0/−0.5

Hold-Down Tape Width W0 12.5 Minimum

Sprocket Hole Position W1 9.0±0.5

Hold-Down Tape Position W2 3.0 Maximum

HeighttoSeatingPlane(leadlength) H 16.0±0.5/18.0±0.5

Sprocket Hole Diameter D0 ø 4.0±0.2

Carrier Tape Thickness t1 0.67±0.2

TotalThickness(CarrierTape,Hold-DownTapeandLead) t2 1.7 Maximum

Cut Out Length L 11.0 Maximum



List of Plating & Sleeve Type

Bychangingthesolderplatingfromleadedsoldertolead-freesolderandtheoutertubematerialofcan-casedconventionalsupercapacitorfrompolyvinylchloridetopolyethyleneterephthalate(PET),oursupercapacitorisnowevenfriendliertotheenvironment.

a.Iron+copperbase+lead-freesolderplating(Sn-1Cu)b.SUSnickelbase+copperbase+reflowlead-freesolderplating(100%Sn,reflowprocessed)

Series Part Number Plating SleeveFM AllFMSeries a Notubeused

Recommended Pb-free solder : Sn/3.5Ag/0.75Cu Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu Sn/0.7Cu Sn/2.5Ag/1.0Bi/0.5Cu



Measurement Conditions

Capacitance (Charge System)Capacitanceiscalculatedfromexpression(9)bymeasuringthechargetimeconstant(τ)ofthecapacitor(C).Priortomeasurement,thecapacitorisdischargedbyshortingbothpinsofthedeviceforatleast30minutes.Inaddition,usethepolarityindicator on the device to determine correct orientation of capacitor for charging.

Eo: 3.0(V) Productwithmaximumoperatingvoltageof3.5V 5.0(V) Productwithmaximumoperatingvoltageof5.5V 6.0(V) Productwithmaximumoperatingvoltageof6.5V 10.0(V)Productwithmaximumoperatingvoltageof11V 12.0(V)Productwithmaximumoperatingvoltageof12Vτ: TimefromstartofcharginguntilVcbecomes0.632Eo(V)(seconds)Rc: Seetablebelow(Ω).

Charge Resistor Selection Guide

Cap FA FE FS FY FR FM, FMEFMR, FML FMC FG

FGR FGH FT FC, FCS HVFYD FYH FYL0.010 F – – – – – 5,000Ω – 5,000Ω – 5,000Ω – – – –0.022 F 1,000Ω – 1,000Ω 2,000Ω 2,000Ω 2,000Ω 2,000Ω 2,000Ω – 2,000Ω – – Discharge –0.033 F – – – – – – – Discharge – – – – – –0.047 F 1,000Ω 1,000Ω 1,000Ω 2,000Ω 1,000Ω 2,000Ω 1,000Ω 2,000Ω 1,000Ω 2,000Ω – – – –0.10 F 510Ω 510Ω 510Ω 1,000Ω 510Ω – 1,000Ω 1,000Ω 1,000Ω 1,000Ω Discharge 510Ω Discharge –

0.22 F 200Ω 200Ω 200Ω 510Ω 510Ω – 510Ω 0H: Discharge0V:1000Ω – 1,000Ω Discharge 200Ω Discharge –

0.33 F – – – – – – – – Discharge – – – – –0.47 F 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω 200Ω 200Ω – 200Ω – – 1,000Ω Discharge 100Ω Discharge –1.0 F 51Ω 51Ω 100Ω 100Ω 100Ω – 100Ω – – 510Ω Discharge 100Ω Discharge Discharge1.4 F – – – 200Ω – – – – – – – – – –1.5 F – 51Ω – – – – – – – 510Ω – – – –2.2 F – – – 100Ω – – – – – 200Ω – 51Ω – –2.7 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge3.3 F – – – – – – – – – – – 51Ω – –4.7 F – – – – – – – – – 100Ω – – – Discharge5.0 F – – 100Ω – – – – – – – – – – –5.6 F – – – – – – – – – – – 20Ω – –

10.0 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge22.0 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge50.0 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge

100.0 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge200.0 F – – – – – – – – – – – – – Discharge

*Capacitance values according to the constant current discharge method.*HV Series capacitance is measured by discharge system

VcRc

Switch

C+

–Eo

Capacitance: C =

τ(F) (9)

Rc



Measurement Conditions cont’d

Capacitance (Discharge System)Asshowninthediagrambelow,chargingisperformedforadurationof30minutesoncethevoltageofthecapacitorterminal reaches 5.5 V. Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminal voltage to drop from3.0to2.5Vupondischargeat0.22mAper0.22F,forexample,andcalculatethestaticcapacitanceaccordingtotheequationshownbelow.Note: The current value is 1 mA discharged per 1 F.

Capacitance (Discharge System – 3.5 V)Asshowninthediagrambelow,chargingisperformedforadurationof30minutesoncethevoltageofthecapacitorterminal reaches 3.5 V. Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminal voltage to drop from 1.8to1.5Vupondischargeat1.0mAper1.0F,forexample,andcalculatethestaticcapacitanceaccordingtotheequationshownbelow.

Capacitance (Discharge System – HV Series)Asshowninthediagrambelow,chargingisperformedforadurationof30minutesoncethevoltageofthecapacitorterminal reaches maximum operating voltage. Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminalvoltagetodropfrom2.0to1.5Vupondischargeat1.0mAper1.0F,andcalculatethestaticcapacitanceaccordingtotheequationshownbelow.

36 Super Capacitors Vol.13

9. Measurement Conditions

VC

RC

EO

Swich

C+–

EO: 3.0 (V) … Product with maximum operating voltage 3.5 V 5.0 (V) … Product with maximum operating voltage 5.5 V 6.0 (V) … Product with maximum operating voltage 6.5 V 10.0 (V) … Product with maximum operating voltage 11 V 12.0 (V) … Product with maximum operating voltage 12 Vτ: Time from start of charging until Vc becomes 0.632E0 (V) (sec)RC: See table below (Ω).

Capacitance: C = (F) (9)τRC

Capacitance (Discharge System)In the diagram below, charging is performed for a duration of 30 minutes, once the voltage of the condensor terminal reaches 5.5 V.Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminal voltage to drop from 3.0 to 2.5 V upon discharge at 0.22 mA for 0.22 F, for example, and calculate the static capacitance according to the equation shown below.Note: The current value is 1 mA discharged per 1F.

A

V C R5.5V

SW 0.22mA(I)

30 min. T1 T2

V1 : 2.5V

V1 : 3.0V5.5V

V1

V2Volta

ge

Duration (sec.)

Table 3 Capacitance measurement

Capactance：C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

(1) Capacitance ( Charge System )Capacitance is calculated from expression (9) by measuring the charge time constant (τ) of the capacitor (C). Prior to measurement, short between both pins of the capacitor for 30 minutes or more to let it discharge. In addition, follow the indication of the product when determining the polarity of the capacitor during charging.

FA FE FS FY FR FM, FMEFMR, FML FMC FG

FGR FGH FT FC,FCSFYD FYH FYL

0.010F – – – – – 5000 Ω – 5000 Ω – 5000 Ω – – –0.022F 1000 Ω – 1000 Ω 2000 Ω 2000 Ω 2000 Ω 2000 Ω 2000 Ω – 2000 Ω – – Discharge0.033F – – – – – – – Discharge – – – – –0.047F 1000 Ω 1000 Ω 1000 Ω 2000 Ω 1000 Ω 2000 Ω 1000 Ω 2000 Ω 1000 Ω 2000 Ω – – –0.10F 510 Ω 510 Ω 510 Ω 1000 Ω 510 Ω – 1000 Ω 1000 Ω 1000 Ω 1000 Ω Discharge 510 Ω Discharge0.22F 200 Ω 200 Ω 200 Ω 510 Ω 510 Ω – 510 Ω 0H: Discharge

0V: 1000 Ω – 1000 Ω Discharge 200 Ω Discharge0.33F – – – – – – – – Discharge – – – –0.47F 100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω 200 Ω 200 Ω – 200 Ω – – 1000 Ω Discharge 100 Ω Discharge1.0F 51 Ω 51 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω 100 Ω – 100 Ω – – 510 Ω Discharge 100 Ω Discharge1.4F – – – 200 Ω – – – – – – – – –1.5F – 51 Ω – – – – – – – 510 Ω – – –2.2F – – – 100 Ω – – – – – 200 Ω – 51 Ω –3.3F – – – – – – – – – – – 51 Ω –4.7F – – – – – – – – – 100 Ω – – –5.0F – – 100 Ω – – – – – – – – – –5.6F – – – – – – – – – – – 20 Ω –

*Capacitance values according to the constant current discharge method.*HV series capacitance is measured by discharge system.

Super Capacitors Vol.13 37

Capacitance (Discharge System:3.5V)In the diagram below, charging is performed for a duration of 30 minutes, once the voltage of the capacitor terminal reaches 3.5V.Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminal voltage to drop from 1.8 to 1.5V upon discharge at 1 mA per 1F, and calculate the static capacitance according to the equation shown below.

Capacitance (Discharge System:HVseries)In the diagram below, charging is performed for a duration of 30 minutes, once the voltage of the capacitor terminal reaches Max. operating voltage.Then, use a constant current load device and measure the time for the terminal voltage to drop from 2.0 to 1.5V upon discharge at 1 mA per 1F, and calculate the static capacitance according to the equation shown below.

Equivalent series resistance (ESR)ESR shall be calculated from the equation below.

Current (at 30 minutes after charging)Current shall be calculated from the equation below.Prior to measurement, both lead terminals must be short-circuited for a minimum of 30 minutes.The lead terminal connected to the metal can case is connected to the negative side of the power supply.

Eo： 2.5Vdc (HVseries 50F) 2.7Vdc (HVseries except 50F) 3.0Vdc (3.5V type) 5.0Vdc (5.5V type)Rc： 1000Ω (0.010F, 0.022F, 0.047F) 100Ω (0.10F, 0.22F, 0.47F) 10Ω (1.0F, 1.5F, 2.2F, 4.7F) 2.2Ω (HVseries)

Self-discharge characteristic (0H: 5.5V products)The self-discharge characteristic is measured by charging a voltage of 5.0 Vdc (charge protection resistance: 0Ω) according to the capacitor polarity for 24 hours, then releasing between the pins for 24 hours and measuring the pin-to-pin voltage.The test should be carried out in an environment with an ambient temperature of 25 or below and relative humidity of 70% RH or below.

A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR



Measurement Conditions cont’d

Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)ESRshallbecalculatedfromtheequationbelow.

Current (at 30 minutes after charging)Currentshallbecalculatedfromtheequationbelow.Priortomeasurement,bothleadterminalsmustbeshort-circuitedfora minimum of 30 minutes. The lead terminal connected to the metal can case is connected to the negative side of the power supply.

Eo: 2.5VDC(HVSeries50F) 2.7VDC(HVSeriesexcept50F) 3.0VDC(3.5Vtype) 5.0VDC(5.5Vtype)Rc: 1,000Ω(0.010F,0.022F,0.047F) 100Ω(0.10F,0.22F,0.47F) 10Ω(1.0F,1.5F,2.2F,4.7F) 2.2Ω(HVSeries)

Self-Discharge Characteristic (0H – 5.5 V Products)Theself-dischargecharacteristicismeasuredbychargingavoltageof5.0VDC(chargeprotectionresistance:0Ω)accordingtothecapacitorpolarityfor24hours,thenreleasingbetweenthepinsfor24hoursandmeasuringthepin-to-pinvoltage.Thetestshouldbecarriedoutinanenvironmentwithanambienttemperatureof25°Corbelowandrelativehumidityof70%RHorbelow.

the soldering is checked.

4. Dismantling Thereisasmallamountofelectrolytestoredwithinthecapacitor.Donotattempttodismantleasdirectskincontactwiththeelectrolytewillcauseburning.Thisproductshouldbetreatedasindustrialwasteandnotisnottobedisposedofbyfire.








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR








A

V C R3.5V

SW

30 minutesT1 T2

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 1.8V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

A

V C R3.5V

SW

V2 : 1.5V

V1 : 2.0V3.5V

(V)

V1

V2

Time (sec.)

30 minutesT1 T2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

C＝ (F)I×(T2－T1)

V1－V2

Current＝ (A)VR

RC

ESR＝ (Ω)VC

0.01 C

10mA

VCf:1kHz

C

SW

RC

EO ＋

－

VR



Notes on Using Supercapacitors or Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs)

1. Circuitry Design1.1UsefullifeTheFCSeriesSupercapacitor(EDLC)usesanelectrolyteinasealedcontainer.Waterintheelectrolytecanevaporatewhileinuseoverlongperiodsoftimeathightemperatures,thusreducingelectrostaticcapacitywhichinturnwillcreategreaterinternalresistance.Thecharacteristicsofthesupercapacitorcanvarygreatlydependingontheenvironmentinwhichitisused.Basicbreakdownmodeisanopenmodeduetoincreasedinternalresistance.

1.2FailrateinthefieldBasedonfielddata,thefailrateiscalculatedatapproximately0.006Fit.Weestimatethatunreportedfailuresaretentimesthisamount.Therefore,weassumethatthefailrateisbelow0.06Fit.

1.3ExceedingmaximumusablevoltagePerformancemaybecompromisedandinsomecasesleakageordamagemayoccurifappliedvoltageexceedsmaximum working voltage.

1.4Useofcapacitorasasmoothingcapacitor(rippleabsorption)Assupercapacitorscontainahighlevelofinternalresistance,theyarenotrecommendedforuseassmoothingcapacitorsinelectricalcircuits.Performancemaybecompromisedand,insomecases,leakageordamagemayoccurifasupercapacitorisusedinrippleabsorption.

1.5 Series connectionsAsappliedvoltagebalancetoeachsupercapacitorislostwhenusedinseriesconnection,excessvoltagemaybeappliedtosomesupercapacitors,whichwillnotonlynegativelyaffectitsperformancebutmayalsocauseleakageand/ordamage.Allowamplemarginformaximumvoltageorattachacircuitforapplyingequalvoltagetoeachsupercapacitor(partialpressureresistor/voltagedivider)whenusingsupercapacitorsinseriesconnection.Also,arrangesupercapacitorssothatthetemperaturebetweeneachcapacitorwillnotvary.

1.6CasePolarityThesupercapacitorismanufacturedsothattheterminalontheoutercaseisnegative(-).Alignthe(-)symbolduringuse.Eventhoughdischarginghasbeencarriedoutpriortoshipping,anyresidualelectricalchargemaynegativelyaffectother parts.

1.7UsenexttoheatemittersUsefullifeofthesupercapacitorwillbesignificantlyaffectedifusednearheatemittingitems(coils,powertransistorsandposistors,etc.)wherethesupercapacitoritselfmaybecomeheated.

1.8UsageenvironmentThisdevicecannotbeusedinanyacidic,alkalineorsimilartypeofenvironment.



Notes on Using Supercapacitors or Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) cont’d

2. Mounting2.1MountingontoareflowfurnaceExceptfortheFCseries,itisnotpossibletomountthiscapacitorontoanIR/VPSreflowfurnace.Donotimmersethecapacitor into a soldering dip tank.

2.2 Flow soldering conditionsSeeRecommendedReflowCurvesinSection–PrecautionsforUse

2.3 Installation using a soldering ironCaremustbetakentopreventthesolderingironfromtouchingotherpartswhensoldering.Keepthetipofthesolderingironunder400°Candsolderingtimetowithin3seconds.Alwaysmakesurethatthetemperatureofthetipiscontrolled.Internalcapacitorresistanceislikelytoincreaseiftheterminalsareoverheated.

2.4 Lead terminal processingDonotattempttobendorpolishthecapacitorterminalswithsandpaper,etc.Solderingmaynotbepossibleifthemetallic plating is removed from the top of the terminals.

2.5 Cleaning, Coating, and Potting ExceptfortheFMseries,cleaning,coatingandpottingmustnotbecarriedout.ConsultKEMETifthistypeofprocedureisnecessary.Terminalsshouldbedriedatlessthanthemaximumoperatingtemperatureaftercleaning.

3. Storage3.1TemperatureandhumidityMakesurethatthesupercapacitorisstoredaccordingtothefollowingconditions:Temperature:5–35°C(Standard25°C),Humidity:20–70%(Standard:50%).Donotallowthebuildupofcondensationthroughsuddentemperaturechange.

3.2 Environment conditionsMakesuretherearenocorrosivegassessuchassulfurdioxide,aspenetrationoftheleadterminalsispossible.Alwaysstorethisiteminanareawithlowdustanddirtlevels.Makesurethatthepackagingwillnotbedeformedthroughheavyloading,movementand/orknocks.Keepoutofdirectsunlightandawayfromradiation,staticelectricityandmagneticfields.

3.3 Maximum storage periodThisitemmaybestoreduptooneyearfromthedateofdeliveryifstoredattheconditionsstatedabove.



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AllInformationgivenhereinisbelievedtobeaccurateandreliable,butitispresentedwithoutguarantee,warranty,orresponsibilityofanykind,expressedorimplied.

StatementsofsuitabilityforcertainapplicationsarebasedonKEMETElectronicsCorporation’s(“KEMET”)knowledgeoftypicaloperatingconditionsforsuchapplications,butarenotintendedtoconstitute–andKEMETspecificallydisclaims–anywarrantyconcerningsuitabilityforaspecificcustomerapplicationoruse.TheInformationisintendedforuseonlybycustomerswhohavetherequisiteexperienceandcapabilitytodeterminethecorrectproductsfortheirapplication.AnytechnicaladviceinferredfromthisInformationorotherwiseprovidedbyKEMETwithreferencetotheuseofKEMET’sproductsisgivengratis,andKEMETassumesnoobligationorliabilityfortheadvicegivenorresultsobtained.

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