supercacitor model in psimmaxwell technologies k3400 6-cell module in hybrid combination with...
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Powersys
SUPERCACITOR MODEL IN
PSIM
International Workshop on Supercapacitors and Energy Storage
« SUPERCAPACITORS: On the Pulse of a Revolution »
Tuesday 23rd May 2017, ENEA - Bologna, Italy
Adrien MICHEL
POWERSYS
Outline Presentation
✓ POWERSYS overview
✓ PSIM overview and main functions / capabilities
✓ PSIM model for Supercapacitor
✓ Application on automobile hybrid energy storage
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power system applications
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PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Introduction on Supercacitors:
Until recently, batteries were the only affordable energy storage system in conventional applications.
Nowadays, supercapacitors are a sound alternative with high power density, fast recharge and long
lifetime (up to 1 million of charge/discharge cycles).
On the other hand, since the energy density available in supercapacitors is lower than in batteries, the
most common application is in hybrid (batteries/supercapacitors) energy storage systems, for example to
sustain the load peaks, to reduce the system weight or to extend its lifetime.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
The PSIM Supercapacitor model is presented below:
- Number of Cells in Series
- Number of Cells in Parallel
- Capacitance per Cell
- Coefficient Kv
- Resistance R1
- Capacitance C1
- Resistance R2
- Capacitance C2
- Resistance R3
- Capacitance C3
- Resistance R4
- Maximum Voltage Vrated
- Initial Voltage
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
To determine the model parameters, we need:
✓ Information from the datasheet.
✓ Experimental measurement of the supercapacitor voltage under a charging and discharging process.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Parameters Kv, R1, and C1 affect the short-term response (in seconds).
They are calculated based on the charging current and capacitor voltage at 0, t2 and t3.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Parameters R2 and C2 affect the short-to-medium term response (in minutes).
They are calculated based on the capacitor voltage at t3, t5, and t6.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Parameters R3 and C3 affect the medium-to-long term response (in hundreds of minutes).
They are calculated based on the capacitor voltage at t7, t8, and t9.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
The parameter R4 represents the losses due to capacitor self-discharge.
It is calculated from the datasheet using the leakage current.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Given the times and voltages as highlighted in the figure below, as well as the charge current, leakage current, and
rated voltage, all the model parameters can be calculated using the “Ultracapacitor Model Tool of PSIM”.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Example: Maxwell Ultracapacitor 58F 16V (model BMOD0058-E016-B0)
The Maxwell 16V 58F ultracapacitor BMOD0058-E016-B0 is used as an example. From the
manufacturer datasheet, the following information is obtained:
Rated Capacitance: 58F
Rated Voltage: 16V
Leakage current at 25°C: 25mA
Lab experiment of a single cell capacitor is conducted with a charge current of 35A.
Time (s) Vc (V)
0 0.740448
8.538 6.48874
25.614 15.9667
353.86 14.4566
1051.37 13.8246
2077.13 13.2116
3102.88 12.7378
4128.64 12.3075
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Example: Maxwell Ultracapacitor 58F 16V (model BMOD0058-E016-B0)
Click on Start Calculating.
After less than a minute, the
curve fitting error is around 0.36%.
We would stop the calculation at this
point.
The dialog window is shown below.
PSIM model for Supercapacitor
Example: Maxwell Ultracapacitor 58F 16V (model BMOD0058-E016-B0)
A test circuit as shown below is set up to validate the model parameters obtained above.
The figures below show the comparison of the simulation result Vc_simu (in red) and the experimental result Vc_exp
(in blue).
Automobile Hybrid Energy Storage Application
✓ Maxwell Technologies K3400 6-cell module in hybrid combination with Lithium-ion battery model illustrating UC
handling load dynamics.
- An ultracapacitor is connected to a buck-boost converter.
- The output is connected to a constant-power load.
- A Li-Ion battery is connected in parallel to the load.
Automobile Hybrid Energy Storage Application
The load current VIload has sudden changes, going up to 450A, and coming down to around 300A, and then to
0.
The bulk of the load current is supplied by the battery VIb.
The difference, which is the sudden change part, is supplied by the ultracapacitor VIout.
✓ This illustrates ultracapacitor's capability to supply current with high dynamic change.
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
0
-100
-200
100
200
300
400
500
VIb VIload VIout
Comparison: Supercapacitors models
Comparison: Supercapacitors models
The current driving profile ECE15 is applied:
Miller model:
Comparison: Supercapacitors models
The current driving profile ECE15 is applied:
Zubieta model = PSIM model
Comparison: Supercapacitors models
The current driving profile ECE15 is applied:
Thevenin model:
Conclusion
Features summary of supercapacitor models:
Zubieta model is the model that reaches a better relationship between accuracy-complexity for Hybrid Electric
Vehicle applications.
This table summarizes the main features of the
analyzed models, which allows selecting to the
designer the most appropriate supercapacitor
model depending on the specific application.
Zubieta electric model presents better accuracy than Thevenin model being the model that best reproduces the
dynamic and static responses.
Thank you for your attention !
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