Multiple Choice Questionsfor Earthquakes - Chapter 16Each chapter will include a few questions designed to test your knowledge of material covered in the chapter and in the Internet-based resources. Your answers are not being recorded. Try the following.Top of Form1. Which of the following describes the build up and release of stress during an earthquake?the Modified Mercalli Scalethe elastic rebound theorythe principle of superpositionthe travel time difference2. The amount of ground displacement in a earthquake is called the _________ .epicenterdipslipfocus3. The point where movement occurred which triggered the earthquake is the _______ .dipepicenterfocusstrike4. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the different arrivals from first to last?P waves ... S waves .... Surface wavesSurface waves ... P waves .... S wavesP waves ... Surface waves ... S wavesS waves ... P waves .... Surface waves5. How do rock particles move during the passage of a P wave through the rock?back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travelback and forth perpendicular to the direction of wave travelin a rolling circular motionthe particles do not move6. Detailed studies of what earthquake allowed researchers to develop the elastic rebound theory?.the 1906 San Francisco earthquakethe 1964 Anchorage, Alaska earthquakethe 1755 Lisbon, Portugal earthquakethe 1985 Mexico CIty earthquake7. How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?12348. Earthquakes can occur with _________ faulting.normalreversethrustall of these9. Approximately what percentage of earthquakes occur at plate boundaries?25%50%75%90%10. Which type of faulting would be least likely to occur along the mid-Atlantic ridge?normalreversetransformall of these could occur11. How often do magnitude 8 earthquakes occur?about 5 to 10 times per yearabout once a yearabout every 5 to 10 yearsabout every 50 to 100 years12. The bulk modulus measures ______________.the resistance to flow of a liquidthe resistance to change in colorthe resistance to change in volumethe resistance to change in shape13. The shear modulus measures _____________ .the resistance to flow of a liquidthe resistance to change in shapethe resistance to change in volume of a liquidthe resistance to change in volume of a solid14. If only density increases with increasing depth within the Earth, the velocity of a P wave should ___________ .stay the sameincreasedecrease15. If a P wave were to go from a solid to a liquid - what would happen to its velocity?stay the sameincreasedecrease to 0.0decrease16. If an S wave were to go from a solid to a liquid - what would happen to its velocity?stay the sameincreasedecrease to 0.0decrease17. Which boundary marks a change from 100% solid to 100% liquid?mantle ... outer corelithosphere ... asthenospherecrust ... mantlenone of these18. Body waves consist of the:P waves onlyS waves onlyP and S wavesSurface waves19. With increasing travel time the difference in arrival times between the P and the S waves _________increasesdecreasesstays constantnone of the above20. Earthquake A has a Richter magnitude of 7 as compared with earthquake B's 6. The amount of ground motion is one measure of earthquake intensity.A is 10X more intense than BA is 1000 more intense than BRichter magnitude does not measure intensityB is 0.01X as intense than A21. In general, the most destructive earthquake waves are the __________ .P wavesS wavesSurface wavesQ waves22. Where is the focus with respect to the epicenter:directly below the epicenterdirectly above the epicenterin the P wave shadow zonein the S wave shadow zone

23. Point A, where slip initiated during the earthquake, is called the ________.dipepicenterfocusscarp24. Point B is called the earthquake ________.dipepicenterfocusscarp25. Point C is called the _________epicenterfault scarpseismic wavedip of the earthquake26. What type of faulting is illustrated in this diagram?normalreversethrustabnormal

27. What causes the up-and-down wiggles on the seismogram show above?variations in air pressureground vibrationstsunami waveselectromagnetic pulses28. Which set of waves are probably the surface waves?ABCThey are all surface waves29. Which set of waves are the P waves?ABCThey are all P waves30. Which set of waves are the S waves?ABCThey are all S waves31. The difference in arrival times between which pair of waves can be used to determine the distance to the epicenter?A and CA and BNone of the above32. How do rock particles move during the passage of a P wave through the rock?back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travelperpendicular to the direction of wave travelin a rolling elliptical motionin a rolling circular motion33. How do rock particles move during the passage of a S wave through the rock?back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travelperpendicular to the direction of wave travelin a rolling elliptical motionin a rolling circular motion34. Who developed the procedure used to measure the size of an earthquake?Charles RichterEdward SheridanJames HuttonArt Smith35. The moment magnitude of an earthquake depends on all of the following except __.the area of the fault breakthe rigidity of the faultthe slip on the faultthe type of faulting36. Which of the following measures an earthquake's intensity based on the observed effects on people and structures?Richter scaleModified Mercalli scalethe Centigrade scalethe moment magnitude scale37. Shallow earthquakes, less than 20 km deep, are associated with _______.convergent plate boundariesdivergent plate boundariestransform plate boundariesall of these38. What type of faulting would be most likely to occur along transform faults?normal faultingreverse faultingstrike-slip faultingall of these

39. What type of earthquakes would most likely occur at point A?shallow-focus earthquakes caused by normal faultingshallow-focus earthquakes caused by strike-slip faultingshallow-focus earthquakes caused by thrust faultingdeep-focus earthquakes caused by thrust faulting40. What type of earthquakes would most likely occur at point B?shallow-focus earthquakes caused by normal faultingshallow-focus earthquakes caused by strike-slip faultingshallow-focus earthquakes caused by thrust faultingdeep-focus earthquakes caused by thrust faulting41. Which of the following did not occur at a plate boundary?New Madrid, Missouri, 1812San Francisco, 1906Anchorage, Alaska, 1964Loma Prieta, California, 198942. Which of the following can be triggered by an earthquake?tsunamiintense ground shakinga landslideall of these43. Which of the following can trigger a tsunami?undersea earthquakesundersea landslidesthe eruption of an oceanic volcanoall of these44. Which of the following waves is the slowest?P wavesS wavesSurface wavestsunami45. Which of the following statements is false?Most earthquakes occur at plate boundariesThe time and location of most major earthquakes can be predicted several days in advanceEarthquakes can be caused by normal, reverse and strike-slip faultingP waves travel faster than both S waves and Surface waves46. Which of the following observations may indicate a forthcoming destructive earthquake?An increase in the frequency of smaller earthquakes in the regionrapid tilting of the groundrapid changes in water levels in wellsall of these47. Which of the following statements best describes the state of earthquake prediction?scientists can accurately predict the time and location of almost all earthquakesscientists can accurately predict the time and location of about 50% of all earthquakesscientists can accurately predict when an earthquake will occur, but not wherescientists can characterize the seismic risk of an area, but can not yet accurately predict most earthquakesBottom of Form