summary of results round 5 afrobarometer survey...
TRANSCRIPT
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
ROUND 5 AFROBAROMETER SURVEY IN
BURUNDI, 2012
Compiled by:
Groupe De Recherche Et D’appui Au
Developpement Des Initiatives Democratiques
(GRADIS)
and
Institute for Development Studies (IDS),
University of Nairobi
1
Afrobarometer Round 5
Summary of Results for Burundi, 2012
The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that will be covering up to 35 African countries in Round 5
(2011-2013). Based on representative national samples, the surveys assess citizen attitudes to democracy and governance,
markets, and civil society, among other topics. The first round of surveys was conducted between 1999-2001 and covered seven
Southern African countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in
West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by
November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted
from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. The 4 th Round of surveys covered 20
countries between 2008 and 2009, with the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia.
The Afrobarometer is a joint enterprise of the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), the Center for Democratic
Development (CDD-Ghana), the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP), and the Institute for
Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Nairobi in Kenya, with additional technical support provided by Michigan State
University (MSU) and University of Cape Town (UCT). The Afrobarometer National Partner in Burundi is GRADIS.
From 26 November to 12 December, 2012, the Afrobarometer surveyed a nationally representative, random, stratified
probability sample of 1200 adult Burundians. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the language of the respondent’s choice
by the Afrobarometer team based at GRADIS. Local language translations were done in one languages: Kirundi. IDS provided
technical backstopping for the survey. This was the first Afrobarometer survey conducted in Burundi.
The sample was drawn by taking the smallest geographic units, Census Enumeration Areas (EAs), and stratifying all EAs across
the country into separate lists according to provinces and geographical area (urban/rural). 150 EAs were then randomly selected
from these lists with the probability proportionate to its size in the overall population as represented in the 2012 projections of the
total population, based on the 2008 census, provided by the national institute of statistics, Institut des Statistiques et Etudes
Economiques du Burundi (ISTEEBU). This ensured that every eligible adult had an equal and known chance of being selected.
Eight households were then randomly selected within each EA, and a respondent 18 years of age or older was randomly selected
from each household. A gender quota ensured that every other interview must be with a female. A sample of this size is
sufficient to yield an overall margin of error of +/-3 percent at a confidence level of 95 percent.
Below is an outline of the survey findings from all the questions posed to respondents. We also present the findings by some
critical demographics such as gender and place of residence (urban-rural).
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Mo Ibrahim
Foundation, the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) for Afrobarometer Round 5.
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Contact Information:
For more information please visit the Afrobarometer website, www.afrobarometer.org, or www.twitter.com/afrobarometer or
contact:
Christophe Sebudandi Alain Ndikumana Abel Oyuke
National Investigator Co-NI and Data Manager AB Project Manager (EA)
GRADIS GRADIS IDS, University of Nairobi
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Survey Overview
The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Burundi
Afrobarometer Round 5, 2012
Dates of Fieldwork: November 26th to December 12th 2012
Sample size: 1200
Sampling frame: Projections of 2012 total population provided by the national institute of statistics, Institut des
Statistiques et Etudes Economiques du Burundi (ISTEEBU), based on 2008 Census Figures.
Sample universe: Citizens of Burundi who are 18 years and older
Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample
Stratification: Province and urban-rural location
Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents
PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS)
Cluster size: 8 households per PSU
Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval
Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate
gender listed, after which household member draws a numbered card to select individual
Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities
Margin of error: +/- 3% at 95% confidence level
Fieldwork by: GRADIS
Survey Languages: Kirundi, French
Main researchers: Christophe Sebudandi, Alain Ndikumana
Outcome rates:
Contact rate: 92.1%
Cooperation rate: 75.8 %
Refusal rate: 4.5%
Response rate: 69.8%
EA Substitution Rate: 4.7% (3 for 29 for urban strata and 3 for 121 rural strata)
__________________________________________________________________
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Note: All figures in the following tables are percentages, rounded to whole numbers. Due to rounding, columns may not add up
to exactly 100. Also note that a figure of “0” reported indicates that at least 1 response, but less than 0.5 of all responses, were in
this category, whereas a dash (“-“) or blank cell indicates that there were no responses in this category. For Questions 1 through
100, weighted frequency distributions are reported.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Unweighted Weighted
Gender
Male 50% 50%
Female 50% 50%
Location
Urban 18% 18%
Rural 82% 82%
Region
Bubanza 4% 4%
Bujumbura 7% 7%
Bujumbura Mairie 6% 6%
Bururi 7% 7%
Cankuzo 3% 3%
Cibitoke 6% 6%
Gitega 9% 9%
Karusi 5% 5%
Kayanza 7% 7%
Kirundo 8% 8%
Makamba 5% 5%
Muramvya 4% 4%
Muyinga 8% 8%
Mwaro 3% 3%
Ngozi 8% 8%
Rutana 4% 4%
Ruyigi 5% 5%
Education
No formal education 33% 33%
Primary 49% 49%
Secondary 15% 15%
Post-secondary 3% 3%
Religion
Christian 95% 95%
Muslim 3% 3%
Other 1% 1%
5
1. How old are you?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
18-25
26-35
36-45
46-55
56-65
Over 65
31 23 20 29 25
35 28 30 29 30
15 20 19 19 19
8 15 14 14 14
6 9 11 6 8
5 4 5 3 4
2. Which Burundian language is your home language?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
French
Kiswahili
Kirundi
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
99 100 100 99 99
3A. In general, how would you describe: The present economic condition of this country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Bad
Fairly bad
Neither good nor bad
Fairly good
Very good
Don't know
19 12 16 11 13
38 41 40 40 40
18 16 17 16 16
20 25 22 26 24
3 6 4 6 5
2 1 1 1 1
3B. In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Bad
Fairly bad
Neither good nor bad
Fairly good
Very good
16 15 17 13 15
31 40 38 39 39
25 21 22 22 22
26 21 20 23 22
2 3 3 3 3
4. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Burundians?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Much Worse
Worse
Same
Better
Much Better
Don't know
8 9 9 10 9
34 31 31 31 31
45 44 45 43 44
12 14 14 14 14
0 2 1 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
6
5A. Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Much Worse
Worse
Same
Better
Much Better
Don't know
19 14 16 14 15
44 37 38 38 38
18 21 21 21 21
16 24 22 23 23
1 3 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
5B. Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Much Worse
Worse
Same
Better
Much Better
Don't know
19 15 15 15 15
42 36 39 35 37
22 23 21 24 23
15 24 22 23 23
2 2 2 2 2
1 0 0 1 0
6A. Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve
months time?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Much Worse
Worse
Same
Better
Much Better
Don't know
24 16 19 16 17
25 21 23 19 21
15 14 11 16 14
19 35 31 33 32
7 8 8 7 8
11 7 7 8 8
6b. Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Much Worse
Worse
Same
Better
Much Better
Don't know
22 16 18 16 17
22 20 22 19 20
14 17 15 17 16
24 36 32 35 34
7 7 7 8 7
12 5 5 6 6
7. What about the overall direction of the country? Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or
going in the right direction?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Going in the wrong direction
Going in the right direction
Don't know
65 44 48 47 48
34 53 50 49 49
1 3 3 3 3
7
8A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough food to eat?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
38 19 22 23 22
8 9 11 6 9
30 33 31 35 33
21 35 32 32 32
2 5 5 4 4
8B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough clean water for home
use?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
Don't Know
49 42 41 45 43
8 6 6 6 6
17 17 19 16 17
18 20 20 20 20
8 15 15 12 13
0 0 0 0 0
8C. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Medicines or medical
treatments?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
Don't Know
54 42 43 45 44
10 11 10 11 10
18 26 23 26 25
17 18 20 15 17
2 4 4 3 3
0 0 0 0 0
8D. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough fuel to cook your food?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
52 33 39 34 37
7 8 7 8 8
22 23 23 24 23
16 26 22 25 24
4 10 8 9 9
8E. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: A cash income?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
Don't Know
9 4 5 4 5
2 2 2 2 2
24 16 17 17 17
47 45 44 47 46
18 33 32 29 30
0 0 0 0 0
8
9A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighborhood?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
73 70 69 72 70
12 13 13 12 13
11 11 11 11 11
5 5 5 5 5
0 1 1 0 1
9B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Just once or twice
Several times
Many times
Always
79 80 78 81 80
10 7 7 8 7
9 7 8 7 8
1 5 5 4 5
0 1 1 0 1
10A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes, once
Yes, twice
Yes, three or more times
80 81 79 83 81
13 12 12 12 12
5 4 6 3 4
3 3 3 2 3
10B. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes, once
Yes, twice
Yes, three or more times
96 94 93 96 95
4 3 4 2 3
1 1 2 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
10c. Was any such incident reported to the police?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Not applicable
13 13 13 13 13
8 8 9 6 8
79 79 77 81 79
9
11. Some people say that many crimes are never reported to the police. Based on your experience, what do you think is
the main reason that many people do not report crimes like thefts or attacks to the police when they occur?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Most people do report crimes to the police
People don't have enough time to report crimes
No police or police station in the area/too far
Police don't listen or care
Police would have demanded money or a bribe to help
Police wouldn't have been able to do anything
Police may be involved in the robbery or assault
Victim feared reprisal from attacker
Victim too ashamed or embarrassed
Crime was reported to other authority
Criminal unknown / lack of suspect
People fear police / don’t trust police
Crime was minor
Don’t know how to report / ignorance
Other
Don't know
35 39 36 40 38
4 3 3 3 3
2 8 8 7 7
17 8 10 9 10
4 6 8 3 6
5 4 5 5 5
10 4 7 3 5
9 8 8 8 8
3 2 1 3 2
5 8 7 9 8
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 1
4 6 4 8 6
12. If you were a victim of crime in this country, who, if anyone, would you go to first for assistance?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None of these/no effective assistance available
The police
A security service or security company that you pay for
A traditional leader or traditional court
A street committee or local security organization
A powerful local person or local gang
You would personally take revenge
You would join with others to take revenge
Your own family or friends
The family of the perpetrator
Local government official
Neighbor
God
Army
Other
Don't know
0 1 1 0 1
45 37 40 37 38
3 2 2 3 2
14 25 22 25 23
18 21 21 20 20
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
11 10 9 11 10
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
2 0 0 1 1
2 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
13A. Often do you get news from the following sources: Radio?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
11 24 15 28 21
4 5 4 6 5
3 5 4 7 5
23 22 23 22 23
59 44 56 37 46
10
13B. How often do you get news from the following sources: Television?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
Don't know
57 94 85 91 88
4 1 2 1 2
4 1 1 1 1
13 2 6 2 4
22 2 6 5 5
0 0 0 0 0
13C. How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
Don't know
76 96 89 96 93
8 1 3 1 2
6 1 3 2 2
8 1 3 1 2
3 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
13D. How often do you get news from the following sources: Internet?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
Don't know
79 93 90 91 91
3 1 1 1 1
5 1 2 2 2
7 1 3 1 2
4 0 2 0 1
2 4 2 4 3
14. How interested would you say you are in public affairs?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all interested
Not very interested
Somewhat interested
Very interested
Don't know
12 17 12 21 16
16 17 17 17 17
34 29 27 32 30
35 36 43 28 36
4 1 1 1 1
15. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters:
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Occasionally
Frequently
Don't know
41 58 44 65 55
39 27 33 25 29
21 15 23 9 16
0 0 0 1 0
11
16. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a
person like me cannot really understand what is going on.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don't know/Don't understand
52 57 56 57 56
21 18 19 19 19
5 6 5 7 6
10 9 10 8 9
10 7 9 6 8
2 3 3 3 3
17A. In this country, how free are you: To say what you think?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all free
Not very free
Somewhat free
Completely free
Don't know
25 12 16 12 14
22 17 20 15 18
27 36 31 37 34
24 35 32 34 33
1 1 0 2 1
17B. In this country, how free are you: To join any political organization you want?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all free
Not very free
Somewhat free
Completely free
Don't know
14 5 9 5 7
12 9 11 8 10
27 39 36 39 37
45 46 44 47 46
1 1 0 1 1
17C. In this country, how free are you: To choose who to vote for without feeling pressured?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all free
Not very free
Somewhat free
Completely free
Don't know
8 2 4 2 3
5 5 6 4 5
25 33 30 34 32
62 59 59 61 60
0 0 0 0 0
18. Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following
statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Once in office, elected leaders are obliged to help their home community or group first.
Statement 2: Since elected leaders should represent everyone, they should not do anything that favours their own group
over others.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
9 7 7 8 8
5 10 8 10 9
18 29 27 27 27
67 54 58 55 56
0 0 0 0 0
12
19. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies.
Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
7 4 4 6 5
3 9 6 10 8
25 41 35 40 38
64 44 54 42 48
0 2 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
20. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control.
Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it consider harmful
to society.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
53 33 39 35 37
20 34 29 33 31
10 15 15 14 15
15 16 16 16 16
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
21. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: The government is like a parent. It should decide which is good for us.
Statement 2: The government is like our employee. We are the bosses and should tell government what to do.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
28 27 25 29 27
26 36 32 36 34
12 15 15 14 14
33 22 27 20 24
1 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
22. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women.
Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
17 11 13 10 12
13 12 14 11 13
22 34 32 32 32
46 42 40 46 43
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
13
23. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: In our country, women should have equal rights and receive the same treatment as men do.
Statement 2: Women have always been subject to traditional laws and customs, and should remain so.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
48 42 42 45 43
29 39 36 39 37
8 8 9 7 8
13 9 10 9 10
1 2 2 1 2
0 0 0 0 0
24. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: If funds for schooling are limited, a boy should always receive an education in school before a girl.
Statement 2: If funds for schooling are limited, a family should send the child with the greatest ability to learn.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
2 3 2 3 3
1 4 4 3 3
23 34 32 32 32
71 57 60 59 60
2 2 2 2 2
1 0 0 0 0
25A. Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For
each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member:
A religious group that meets outside of regular worship services?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not a Member
Inactive Member
Active Member
Official Leader
71 68 71 66 68
21 20 16 24 20
3 7 6 7 6
5 5 7 3 5
25B. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you
are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some other voluntary association or
community group?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not a Member
Inactive Member
Active Member
Official Leader
69 62 63 64 63
18 22 19 23 21
8 8 9 7 8
5 8 9 6 7
14
26A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,
personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a
community meeting?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, would never do this
No, but would do if had the chance
Yes, once or twice
Yes, several times
Yes, often
6 3 2 5 4
32 16 13 26 19
14 11 11 12 12
20 26 23 27 25
27 43 51 30 40
26B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,
personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got
together with others to raise an issue?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, would never do this
No, but would do if had the chance
Yes, once or twice
Yes, several times
Yes, often
Don't know
6 6 5 7 6
30 23 16 32 24
16 10 9 12 11
21 29 29 26 27
28 33 41 23 32
0 0 0 0 0
26C. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,
personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Refused to
pay a tax or fee to government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, would never do this
No, but would do if had the chance
Yes, once or twice
Yes, several times
Yes, often
Don't know
82 79 82 76 79
9 10 10 10 10
1 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 4 3
5 3 3 5 4
2 2 1 3 2
26D. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,
personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a
demonstration or protest march?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, would never do this
No, but would do if had the chance
Yes, once or twice
Yes, several times
Yes, often
Don't know
84 88 87 87 87
10 9 10 9 10
3 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 1
15
26E. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,
personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Used force
or violence for a political cause?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, would never do this
No, but would do if had the chance
Yes, once or twice
Yes, several times
Yes, often
Don't know
94 95 95 94 95
6 3 3 4 4
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 1
27. In regard to the most recent national election in 2010, which statement is true for you?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
You were not registered to vote
You voted in the elections
You decided not to vote
You could not find the polling station
You were prevented from voting
You did not have time to vote
You did not vote because your name not in the register
Did not vote for some other reason
You were too young to vote
Don't know / Can't remember
6 2 3 2 3
74 87 87 83 85
3 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
7 3 4 4 4
5 6 4 7 5
0 0 0 0 0
28. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2010? Was it:
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not free and fair
Free and fair, with major problems
Free and fair, but with minor problems
Completely free and fair
Do not understand the question
Don't know
11 5 8 3 6
14 6 7 7 7
23 20 23 18 21
46 68 59 69 64
0 0 0 0 0
5 2 2 3 2
29A. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Attend a campaign meeting or rally?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
63 55 47 66 56
37 45 53 34 43
0 0 0 0 0
29B. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Try to persuade others to vote for a certain presidential or
legislative candidate or political party?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
76 81 74 86 80
24 19 26 14 20
0 0 0 0 0
16
29C. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Work for a candidate or party?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
79 83 75 88 82
21 17 25 11 18
0 0 0 0 0
30A. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or
to give them your views: A local government councilor?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only once
A few times
Often
Don't know
81 76 73 81 77
7 9 9 9 9
7 10 12 7 9
6 4 6 3 5
0 0 0 0 0
30B. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or
to give them your views: A Member of Parliament?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only once
A few times
Often
Don't know
95 95 93 96 95
1 2 3 2 2
2 2 3 1 2
2 1 2 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
30C. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or
to give them your views: An official of a government agency?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only once
A few times
Often
Don't know
94 92 89 95 92
3 3 4 2 3
2 4 5 2 3
1 1 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
30D. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or
to give them your views: A political party official?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only once
A few times
Often
Don't know
92 88 87 90 88
2 4 3 5 4
4 6 7 4 6
2 2 3 1 2
0 0 0 0 0
17
31A. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one
political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Neither Approve Nor Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't Know
69 50 62 46 54
12 22 21 19 20
3 6 3 8 6
10 17 11 20 15
3 4 3 5 4
3 1 1 2 1
31B. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army
comes in to govern the country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Neither Approve Nor Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't Know
70 58 67 53 60
14 24 21 24 22
3 4 2 6 4
8 10 7 13 10
2 1 1 2 2
3 2 1 3 2
31C. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections
and Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Neither Approve Nor Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't Know
77 58 68 55 61
11 23 18 23 21
4 5 3 6 5
4 11 9 11 10
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 3 2
32. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion?
Statement 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government.
Statement 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable.
Statement 3: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter.
STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable
STATEMENT 1: Democracy preferable.
Don't know
19 24 13 33 23
3 2 3 3 3
77 73 84 64 74
1 1 1 1 1
18
33. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it
does.
Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes
decisions more slowly.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
15 13 14 12 13
13 18 14 20 17
31 37 36 36 36
38 29 33 29 31
1 2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1 0
34. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections.
Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s
leaders.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
59 49 56 46 51
26 39 33 41 37
6 5 4 6 5
8 5 6 5 6
1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
35. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in
Burundi.
Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Burundians have real choices in who governs them.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
15 12 11 15 13
8 12 9 14 12
30 33 32 33 32
47 41 47 36 42
0 1 1 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
19
36. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2
Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the President explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends
taxpayers’ money.
Statement 2: The President should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time
justifying his actions.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
41 26 32 26 29
27 36 34 36 35
9 15 12 16 14
20 20 20 20 20
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 2 2
37. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2
Statement 1: Opposition parties should regularly examine and criticize government policies and actions.
Statement 2: Opposition parties should concentrate on cooperating with government and helping it develop the country.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
7 5 6 4 5
7 10 10 9 10
29 36 31 39 35
57 47 51 47 49
0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
38. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2
Statement 1: The news media should constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption.
Statement 2: Too much reporting on negative events, like government mistakes and corruption, only harms the country.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
63 42 50 41 46
25 36 32 37 34
3 9 7 10 8
9 11 10 11 11
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
39. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Members of Parliament represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country, even if the
President does not agree.
Statement 2: Since the President represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what Parliament thinks.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
42 30 37 28 32
27 41 39 39 39
10 13 9 15 12
10 11 10 11 11
9 4 5 4 5
1 1 0 2 1
20
40. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he
thinks are wrong.
Statement 2: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
7 6 7 5 6
9 13 12 13 12
28 42 36 43 39
46 36 40 35 38
8 3 4 3 4
2 1 0 2 1
41. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2
Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office.
Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
40 27 34 25 29
18 22 22 21 22
15 22 20 22 21
25 26 23 29 26
1 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 2 1
42. In your opinion how much of a democracy is Burundi today?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not a democracy
A democracy, with major problems
A democracy, but with minor problems
A full democracy
Do not understand question/democracy
Don't know
14 6 10 5 7
33 17 21 18 20
34 35 38 32 35
18 41 31 43 37
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1
43. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Burundi? Are you:
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Burundi is not a democracy
Not at all satisfied
Not very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Very satisfied
Don't Know
1 1 1 0 1
22 10 14 10 12
34 18 22 20 21
27 35 34 34 34
15 35 28 34 31
0 1 0 1 1
21
44. Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose
only one of the things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of
democracy?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor
People choose government leaders in free and fair elections
Government does not waste any public money
People are free to express their political views openly
None of these
Don't know
26 26 24 29 26
28 29 28 30 29
15 12 15 10 13
29 30 32 28 30
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 2 1
45. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Government ensures law and order
Media is free to criticize the things government does
Government ensures job opportunities for all
Multiple parties compete fairly in elections
None of these
Don't know
40 37 34 42 38
12 14 15 12 14
29 24 24 26 25
19 22 25 18 22
0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 2 1
46A. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where
would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country today?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
5 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 0 1
6 2 4 2 3
13 2 5 3 4
13 5 7 5 6
15 18 19 16 17
8 9 9 9 9
12 10 11 10 11
12 15 15 14 14
5 5 5 5 5
10 28 20 30 25
2 2 1 3 2
22
46B. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where
would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country ten years ago, in 2002?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
Refused
7 14 15 10 13
6 3 3 3 3
12 10 12 8 10
12 10 12 9 11
11 9 10 9 9
21 19 18 21 19
6 5 6 6 6
4 4 4 4 4
5 4 6 3 4
1 2 2 2 2
5 6 5 7 6
9 13 8 17 12
0 0 0 0 0
46C. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where
would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country under previous non-democratic
regime?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
Refused
8 9 11 6 9
1 3 3 3 3
7 5 6 4 5
4 5 5 4 4
7 5 5 6 5
9 10 12 8 10
9 6 6 6 6
7 4 5 4 4
9 5 7 5 6
4 3 3 4 3
5 10 12 7 9
30 34 24 42 33
0 1 1 1 1
23
46D. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where
would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: And on the same scale, where would you want
our country to be in the future?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
2 2 2 1 2
8 5 7 5 6
15 9 11 9 10
66 77 75 76 75
6 5 3 8 5
47A. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you
place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: People’s Republic of China?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
1 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1
2 5 6 3 4
7 3 4 4 4
10 4 6 4 5
9 4 7 3 5
4 2 4 2 3
6 7 9 4 7
58 72 59 80 69
47B. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you
place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: United States of America?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1 1 0 1
3 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 1 1 0 1
5 3 3 4 3 3
6 3 2 3 2 2
7 5 4 5 3 4
8 13 6 10 4 7
9 17 5 10 4 7
10 10 12 16 7 11
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say 47 66 50 76 63
24
47C. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you
place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: South Africa?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1
4 2 2 2 2
6 5 6 3 5
8 3 5 4 4
13 4 8 2 5
8 5 8 3 5
4 3 5 1 3
5 6 8 4 6
52 70 55 79 67
47E. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you
place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Zimbabwe?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
5 2 4 1 3
5 1 3 1 2
4 3 5 2 3
6 3 4 3 3
4 4 6 3 4
5 4 6 3 5
5 2 3 1 2
3 1 2 1 1
3 1 2 1 2
0 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 1 2
59 75 62 82 72
25
47E. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you
place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Britain, you know, the United Kingdom or UK?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say
2 1 2 1 2
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 1 2
6 4 6 3 5
7 3 5 3 4
10 3 6 3 4
11 5 8 4 6
4 2 3 1 2
4 4 5 3 4
53 73 59 79 69
48A. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to
make decisions that people always have to abide by.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree Nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Don't know
11 8 10 6 8
11 9 10 8 9
6 4 5 5 5
43 57 52 57 55
27 21 22 23 22
1 1 0 1 1
48B. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right
to make people obey the law.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree Nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Don't know
12 9 11 7 9
15 13 14 12 13
6 5 5 6 5
38 53 49 52 51
28 20 21 22 21
1 0 0 1 1
48C. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax authorities always have
the right to make people pay taxes.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree Nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Don't know
10 9 10 9 10
13 14 14 13 14
8 6 6 7 6
41 52 51 49 50
25 16 19 17 18
2 3 1 5 3
26
49. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for.
Statement 2: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
64 48 53 48 51
26 36 33 35 34
4 10 7 10 8
6 6 5 6 6
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
50. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: Citizens must pay their taxes to the government in order for our country to develop.
Statement 2: The government can find enough resources for development from other sources without having to tax the
people.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
37 28 33 26 29
23 27 27 26 27
18 26 22 27 25
21 17 17 19 18
0 1 0 2 1
1 0 0 0 0
51. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: It is better to pay higher taxes, if it means that there will be more services provided by government
Statement 2: It is better to pay lower taxes, even if it means there will be fewer services provided by government.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
26 16 20 16 18
12 18 18 16 17
27 36 32 37 34
29 26 27 25 26
4 3 3 4 3
2 1 1 2 2
52A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the news media abuse its freedoms by printing or saying things it
knows are not true?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
33 36 35 37 36
47 44 49 39 44
10 7 9 7 8
3 2 2 3 2
6 11 6 14 10
27
52B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does competition between political parties lead to violent conflict?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
12 17 15 17 16
27 38 38 34 36
51 37 40 40 40
9 7 7 9 8
1 1 1 1 1
52C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore the courts and laws of the country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
41 58 54 57 55
26 22 25 20 22
13 7 10 6 8
3 1 2 1 2
17 11 9 15 12
52D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are opposition parties or their supporters silenced by the government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
18 34 29 34 31
26 26 24 27 26
40 29 33 28 30
11 6 10 4 7
5 6 4 7 5
52E. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore parliament and just do what he wants?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
47 60 56 59 57
22 18 22 15 19
13 6 9 6 7
3 1 3 1 2
15 15 10 19 15
53. In this country, how effective is the news media in revealing government mistakes and corruption?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all effective
Not very effective
Somewhat effective
Very effective
Don't know
3 4 4 4 4
10 12 13 11 12
27 31 29 31 30
59 47 53 46 49
2 6 2 8 5
28
54. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political
intimidation or violence?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
A lot
Somewhat
A little bit
Not at all
Don't know
15 16 18 14 16
12 11 12 11 11
21 17 17 19 18
52 55 52 56 54
1 1 1 1 1
55. How likely do you think it is that powerful people can find out how you voted, even though there is supposed to be a
secret ballot in this country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all likely
Not very likely
Somewhat likely
Very likely
Don't know
80 77 75 80 78
7 8 7 9 8
5 6 7 5 6
6 7 9 6 7
1 2 2 1 1
56A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
6 11 11 9 10
9 15 15 14 14
33 35 34 36 35
50 38 40 40 40
2 1 0 1 1
56B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are people treated unequally under the law?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
14 25 24 22 23
23 30 28 29 28
50 35 38 38 38
12 9 10 10 10
2 1 0 2 1
56C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by traditional leaders?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
33 46 50 38 44
32 31 30 32 31
32 18 17 24 20
2 4 2 5 3
1 1 1 2 1
29
56D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by the police and courts?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
37 47 49 41 45
30 32 31 32 32
28 15 15 20 18
2 3 2 4 3
3 2 2 3 2
56E. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by employers?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
35 44 47 38 43
28 29 28 30 29
28 14 16 17 17
3 3 3 3 3
5 9 6 11 8
56F. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
15 24 21 24 23
14 20 19 18 19
50 36 39 38 38
20 16 19 15 17
0 4 2 5 3
56G. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
58 74 73 70 72
32 16 19 19 19
6 4 5 5 5
4 4 3 5 4
0 1 1 1 1
56H. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people obtain household services, like water or electricity, without
paying for them?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
81 76 76 78 77
9 11 12 9 11
5 6 6 5 5
4 3 3 4 3
1 5 3 5 4
30
56I. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people avoid paying the taxes that they owe the government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Rarely
Often
Always
Don't know
33 51 49 47 48
32 26 29 25 27
26 12 14 15 14
2 2 2 2 2
8 10 6 12 9
57. Let me ask you again about the most essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one of the
things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Legislature closely monitors the actions of the President
Government provides basic necessities for everyone
People are free to form organizations to influence gvt.
Public services work well and do not break down
None of these
Don't know
36 32 35 30 33
20 26 20 29 25
33 25 28 25 27
10 14 14 12 13
1 1 1 1 1
0 2 1 2 1
58. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
People are free to take part in demonstrations and protests
Politics is clean and free from corruption
The court protects ordinary people if gvt. mistreats them
People receive aid from gvt. when they are in need
None of these
Don't know
19 15 17 14 15
46 37 41 37 39
15 19 18 19 18
17 24 20 26 23
2 2 2 1 2
3 3 3 3 3
59A. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
13 3 5 4 5
14 8 10 8 9
29 24 23 26 24
43 65 61 62 61
1 0 0 1 0
59B. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Parliament?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
17 7 11 7 9
23 13 16 13 15
28 27 25 29 27
29 50 45 48 47
2 3 2 3 3
31
59C. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The National
Electoral Commission?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
27 10 17 10 13
22 15 17 14 16
23 29 25 30 28
24 41 37 38 38
4 6 3 8 5
59D. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Tax Department?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
28 21 25 20 22
25 20 24 17 21
27 22 23 22 23
12 21 19 20 20
9 16 9 20 14
59E. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Local
Government Council?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
11 6 8 5 7
21 11 14 11 13
34 30 30 32 31
31 51 46 49 48
4 2 2 2 2
59F. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ruling Party?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
30 11 17 11 14
16 16 16 17 16
23 26 26 26 26
25 41 37 39 38
6 5 4 7 5
59G. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Opposition Political
Parties?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
34 44 37 47 42
23 21 22 21 21
21 18 21 15 18
17 12 16 10 13
6 5 4 6 5
32
59H. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Police?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
20 11 15 10 13
27 15 20 15 17
34 30 29 33 31
20 43 36 41 39
0 1 1 0 1
59I. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Army?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
3 4 4 4 4
13 8 9 8 9
39 32 32 35 33
44 55 54 53 53
1 1 1 1 1
59J. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts of law?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
14 11 16 8 12
29 19 23 18 21
39 33 29 38 34
18 36 31 35 33
0 1 1 1 1
60A. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: The President and Officials in his Office?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
22 35 31 33 32
44 33 37 34 35
16 11 14 10 12
2 2 3 1 2
17 18 14 22 18
60B. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Members of Parliament?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
22 33 31 31 31
46 35 39 34 36
12 12 12 11 12
2 2 2 2 2
19 19 16 22 19
33
60C. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Government Officials?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
14 26 22 25 23
39 39 42 37 39
29 16 21 16 18
3 3 3 3 3
16 16 13 20 16
60D. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Local government councilors?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
20 34 32 31 32
47 37 37 40 38
20 17 19 15 17
3 4 5 3 4
9 9 7 11 9
60E. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Police?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
5 13 11 13 12
27 29 28 29 29
33 38 38 36 37
27 14 19 13 16
8 6 4 9 6
60F. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Tax Officials, like Ministry of Finance officials or Local Government tax collectors?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
5 14 12 13 12
31 31 32 30 31
35 35 36 34 35
17 9 13 9 11
11 11 8 14 11
60G. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them
to say: Judges and Magistrates?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Some of them
Most of them
All of them
Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
5 13 10 14 12
41 32 32 36 34
33 36 36 34 35
13 12 17 8 13
8 6 5 8 6
34
61A. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in
order to: Get a document or a permit?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with this in past year
Don't Know
42 42 41 44 42
13 8 11 7 9
5 4 5 3 4
3 1 3 1 2
37 44 40 46 43
0 0 0 0 0
61B. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in
order to: Get water or sanitation services?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with this in past year
Don't Know
39 43 43 42 43
3 2 3 2 2
3 2 2 1 2
2 1 1 0 1
53 52 50 55 52
0 0 1 0 0
61C. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in
order to: Get treatment at a local health clinic or hospital?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never 73 73 71 75 73
Once or Twice 4 4 4 4 4
A Few Times 4 2 3 1 2
Often 1 1 1 1 1
No experience with this in past year 17 20 20 19 19
Don't Know 0 0 0 0 0
61D. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in
order to: Avoid a problem with the police, like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with this in past year
44 55 51 54 53
8 6 9 3 6
6 4 7 3 5
8 2 6 0 3
35 33 26 40 33
35
61E. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in
order to: Get a place in a primary school for a child?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with this in past year
Don't Know
53 61 60 60 60
7 4 6 4 5
3 2 3 1 2
1 1 2 0 1
36 31 30 35 32
0 0 0 0 0
61f. And during the last national election in 2002, how often, if ever did a candidate or someone from a political party
offer you something, like food or a gift or money, in return for your vote?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
Don't Know
85 84 79 89 84
4 5 6 4 5
6 6 9 3 6
5 4 6 3 5
0 1 0 1 1
62A. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say:
Members of Parliament?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only sometimes
Often
Always
Don't know
80 75 74 78 76
15 15 18 13 15
4 7 7 5 6
1 1 0 1 1
0 2 2 3 2
62B. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Local
government councilors?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only sometimes
Often
Always
Don't know
61 47 46 53 50
21 27 27 25 26
14 21 24 17 20
3 4 3 4 4
0 1 0 1 1
36
63pt1. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 1st
response?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Nothing/No problems 0 1 0 1 1
Management of economy 5 3 4 2 3
Wages, incomes and salaries 1 0 1 1 1
Unemployment 6 3 4 3 3
Poverty/ destitution 26 23 23 24 24
Rates and taxes 2 2 2 2 2
Loans/ credit 1 0 0 0 0
Farming/ agriculture 2 5 4 5 5
Food shortage/ famine 5 9 7 10 9
Drought 0 1 1 0 0
Land 1 3 2 3 3
Transportation 1 0 0 1 0
Infrastructure/ roads 0 1 1 0 0
Education 2 1 1 1 1
Housing 2 2 2 2 2
Electricity 2 1 1 1 1
Water supply 6 5 3 6 5
Orphans/ street children/ homeless 1 0 0 0 0
Health 1 3 1 4 3
AIDS 0 0 0 0 0
Sickness/ disease 0 1 1 0 0
Crime and security 15 13 15 13 14
Corruption 12 11 12 10 11
Political violence 1 1 2 0 1
Political instability/ ethnic tensions 2 2 3 1 2
Discrimination/ inequality 1 2 2 2 2
Gender issues/ women's rights 0 1 0 2 1
Democracy/ political rights 4 2 3 1 2
Civil war 1 1 1 1 1
Agricultural marketing 1 1 1 1 1
Demographic growth 0 0 0 1 0
Other 2 1 1 1 1
Don't know 0 0 0 0 0
37
63pt2. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 2nd
response?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Nothing/No problems 6 2 4 3 3
Management of economy 3 1 1 1 1
Wages, incomes and salaries 6 2 4 2 3
Unemployment 7 11 11 10 10
Poverty/ destitution 1 3 2 2 2
Rates and taxes 1 1 1 0 1
Loans/ credit 2 6 5 5 5
Farming/ agriculture 4 10 7 11 9
Food shortage/ famine 0 1 1 1 1
Drought 1 3 3 2 3
Land 1 1 1 0 1
Transportation 0 0 0 0 0
Infrastructure/ roads 1 2 2 2 2
Education 3 2 2 2 2
Housing 3 5 4 5 4
Electricity 7 2 3 3 3
Water supply 4 6 5 6 6
Orphans/ street children/ homeless 2 1 1 1 1
Health 6 7 6 7 7
AIDS 0 0 0 0 0
Sickness/ disease 0 2 1 2 1
Crime and security 10 9 11 7 9
Corruption 9 6 6 6 6
Political violence 4 2 3 2 2
Political instability/ ethnic tensions 4 3 4 3 3
Discrimination/ inequality 3 4 4 4 4
Gender issues/ women's rights 1 1 0 2 1
Democracy/ political rights 4 2 4 2 3
Civil war 0 0 0 0 0
Agricultural marketing 1 1 0 1 1
Demographic growth 3 1 1 1 1
Other 0 0 0 0 0
Don't know 1 0 0 1 1
38
63pt3. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 3rd
response?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Nothing/No problems 4 2 2 3 2
Management of economy 1 1 1 1 1
Wages, incomes and salaries 4 2 3 2 2
Unemployment 7 10 10 9 9
Poverty/ destitution 1 1 2 1 1
Rates and taxes 2 1 1 1 1
Loans/ credit 4 5 5 4 5
Farming/ agriculture 6 6 5 7 6
Food shortage/ famine 0 0 0 0 0
Drought 3 3 3 3 3
Land 0 1 1 0 1
Transportation 1 3 3 2 3
Infrastructure/ roads 3 3 3 3 3
Education 3 4 4 3 4
Housing 3 2 2 3 2
Electricity 7 7 8 7 7
Water supply 1 0 1 0 0
Orphans/ street children/ homeless 0 0 0 0 0
Health 9 7 6 8 7
AIDS 0 0 0 0 0
Sickness/ disease 1 1 1 1 1
Crime and security 12 7 7 8 8
Corruption 8 6 7 6 6
Political violence 0 1 1 1 1
Political instability/ ethnic tensions 1 2 3 1 2
Discrimination/ inequality 5 2 3 3 3
Gender issues/ women's rights 1 1 1 2 1
Democracy/ political rights 4 3 4 2 3
Civil war 0 0 0 0 0
Agricultural marketing 1 0 0 0 0
Demographic growth 0 2 1 2 1
Other 2 1 2 1 1
Don't know 7 14 10 15 13
64. Taking the problem that you mentioned first, how likely do you think it is that government will solve this problem
within the next five years?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Missing
Not at all likely
Not very likely
Somewhat likely
Very likely
Not applicable
Don't know
0 0 0 0 0
16 10 14 9 11
15 12 14 10 12
29 30 27 32 30
37 44 42 44 43
0 1 1 1 1
2 3 3 3 3
39
65A. Now let’s speak about the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current
government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Managing the economy?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
35 18 24 19 21
36 33 34 33 33
20 37 34 34 34
4 7 6 7 7
5 5 3 7 5
65B. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Improving the living standards of the poor.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
43 31 34 31 33
36 39 36 41 38
16 26 25 24 25
4 3 4 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
65C. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Creating jobs?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
55 33 40 34 37
28 41 38 39 38
11 18 16 18 17
3 3 3 3 3
3 5 3 6 5
65D. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Keeping prices down?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
66 44 50 47 48
23 38 35 36 35
8 13 12 12 12
2 3 2 3 3
1 2 1 2 2
65E. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
66 44 49 47 48
20 36 33 33 33
10 14 12 14 13
2 3 3 2 3
2 3 3 3 3
40
65F. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Reducing crime?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
31 15 21 15 18
19 23 21 23 22
38 44 43 43 43
10 17 15 17 16
2 1 0 1 1
65G. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Improving basic health services?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
4 5 6 3 4
11 8 8 9 9
53 53 53 52 53
32 35 33 35 34
0 0 0 0 0
65H. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Addressing educational needs?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
5 2 4 2 3
8 5 5 6 5
43 44 43 45 44
43 49 48 48 48
1 0 0 0 0
65I. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Providing water and sanitation services?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
22 19 20 19 19
29 31 29 33 31
37 35 36 34 35
11 14 14 12 13
2 1 1 2 1
65J. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
51 37 41 38 39
38 43 42 42 42
8 17 14 18 16
1 3 3 1 2
2 1 1 1 1
41
65K. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Fighting corruption in government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
45 23 33 21 27
23 34 30 34 32
21 31 27 31 29
8 8 8 8 8
3 4 2 6 4
65L. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Resolving violent conflict between communities?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
12 8 9 8 9
17 17 17 17 17
57 56 56 57 56
12 17 17 16 16
2 1 1 2 2
65M. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Combating HIV/AIDS?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
6 3 5 2 3
9 6 7 7 7
48 51 50 50 50
37 38 37 38 37
1 3 2 3 2
65N. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Maintaining roads and bridges?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
9 10 11 9 10
17 22 22 20 21
49 48 47 50 48
23 19 19 20 20
2 1 1 1 1
65O. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Providing a reliable supply of electricity?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
48 40 43 40 41
27 32 31 31 31
17 16 16 16 16
6 4 5 4 4
2 8 5 9 7
42
65P. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough to say: Empowering women?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
7 8 7 9 8
15 14 13 16 14
58 52 52 54 53
19 23 25 19 22
1 3 4 2 3
66A. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government
council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough about them to say: Maintaining local roads?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
20 10 13 11 12
24 26 27 24 25
40 43 40 44 42
15 20 19 20 19
1 1 1 1 1
66B. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government
council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough about them to say: Maintaining local market places?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
15 8 11 8 9
25 23 23 24 23
45 50 47 52 49
11 17 16 15 16
4 2 3 2 2
66C. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government
council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough about them to say: Maintaining health standards, for example, in restaurants and food stalls?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
13 7 9 7 8
32 24 28 23 26
41 49 45 50 48
13 17 16 16 16
2 3 2 4 3
43
66D. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government
council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough about them to say: Keeping our community clean, for example, by having refuse removed?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
16 7 10 7 8
27 25 24 26 25
40 48 46 48 47
14 15 17 13 15
2 5 4 5 4
66E. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government
council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard
enough about them to say: Managing the use of land?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very Badly
Fairly Badly
Fairly Well
Very Well
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
20 13 17 11 14
33 27 28 29 28
30 42 38 43 40
9 14 14 12 13
7 4 3 5 4
67A. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you
never try and get these services from government: An identity document, such as a birth certificate, driver’s license,
passport or voter’s card?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very difficult
Difficult
Easy
Very easy
Never try
Don't know
15 7 8 9 8
27 24 25 24 24
41 42 41 43 42
16 24 25 20 23
1 2 1 3 2
0 1 0 1 1
67B. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you
never try and get these services from government: Household services like piped water, electricity or telephone?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very difficult
Difficult
Easy
Very easy
Never try
Don't know
41 31 33 33 33
30 30 29 31 30
9 7 7 7 7
2 2 3 1 2
17 29 26 27 27
1 1 1 1 1
44
67C. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you
never try and get these services from government: Help from the police?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very difficult
Difficult
Easy
Very easy
Never try
Don't know
10 6 9 4 7
20 18 20 16 18
43 47 44 48 46
16 18 17 18 18
10 12 10 13 11
1 0 0 1 0
67D. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you
never try and get these services from government: A place in a public primary school for a child?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very difficult
Difficult
Easy
Very easy
Never try
Don't know
3 2 3 1 2
13 8 9 10 9
40 45 43 44 44
28 33 34 31 32
16 11 10 13 12
0 1 1 1 1
67E. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you
never try and get these services from government: Medical treatment at a public clinic or hospital?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very difficult
Difficult
Easy
Very easy
Never try
Don't know
12 5 8 5 7
28 19 21 21 21
37 50 45 50 47
20 25 25 23 24
2 1 2 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
68A. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Services are
too expensive / unable to pay?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Missing
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
0 1 1 0 1
32 45 45 41 43
5 8 7 9 8
10 10 11 10 10
7 6 6 5 6
46 29 29 35 32
0 0 1 0 0
45
68B. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Lack of
textbooks or other supplies?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
26 37 36 33 35
6 10 10 9 10
12 12 12 13 12
4 6 7 4 5
50 33 33 39 36
2 2 2 2 2
68C. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Poor
teaching?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
32 45 44 42 43
5 4 5 4 4
5 8 9 6 7
5 5 6 4 5
50 33 33 39 36
3 4 3 5 4
68D. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Absent
teachers?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
36 44 44 42 43
5 10 10 9 9
3 6 7 5 6
3 3 4 2 3
50 33 33 39 36
3 3 2 4 3
68E. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Overcrowded
classrooms?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
14 21 20 20 20
3 4 4 4 4
11 12 12 11 11
21 28 29 24 27
50 33 33 39 36
1 2 1 2 2
46
68F. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Poor
conditions of facilities?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public schools in past year
Don't Know
31 44 42 41 41
5 5 6 5 5
9 10 10 9 10
5 7 7 6 6
50 33 33 39 36
0 1 1 1 1
69A. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Services are too expensive / unable to pay?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
34 33 31 35 33
11 18 17 16 17
25 24 23 26 25
15 16 17 14 16
15 8 12 7 9
0 0 0 0 0
69B. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Lack of medicines or other supplies?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
39 46 43 47 45
13 16 17 14 16
21 19 17 21 19
11 9 10 9 10
15 10 13 8 11
0 0 0 1 0
69C. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Lack of attention or respect from staff?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
51 59 56 60 58
8 11 12 10 11
18 13 12 16 14
7 6 7 6 6
15 10 13 8 11
0 1 1 1 1
47
69D. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Absent doctors?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
68 67 65 70 67
6 9 9 9 9
5 9 7 9 8
4 3 5 2 3
15 10 13 8 11
2 2 2 2 2
69E. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Long waiting time?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
27 30 30 28 29
11 8 8 9 9
19 24 20 26 23
28 28 28 28 28
15 10 13 8 11
0 0 0 1 0
69F. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:
Dirty facilities?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Once or Twice
A Few Times
Often
No experience with public clinics in past year
Don't Know
61 67 63 70 66
8 6 6 6 6
9 10 11 9 10
7 6 7 5 6
15 10 13 8 11
0 1 0 1 1
70A. Do you or anyone in this household receive any of the following: Free visits or medicines from a public or
government-run health clinic or hospital?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
58 48 53 45 49
42 52 46 55 50
0 0 0 0 0
70B. Do you or anyone in this household receive any of the following: Food for children from a government-run school
feeding program?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
97 86 88 89 88
3 13 11 11 11
0 1 1 1 1
48
71A. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve
months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
9 4 6 4 5
15 7 9 7 8
40 40 40 41 40
33 48 43 47 45
3 1 1 1 1
71B. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve
months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: MP/National Assembly rep?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
18 12 18 8 13
23 14 17 15 16
35 42 37 44 40
18 26 24 26 25
6 6 4 7 6
71C. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve
months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your elected local government councilor?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disapprove
Disapprove
Approve
Strongly Approve
Don't know/Haven't heard enough
13 7 12 4 8
22 11 14 12 13
46 49 45 53 49
18 31 28 30 29
2 1 1 2 1
72A. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Members of Parliament do their jobs?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
The president/executive
The parliament/local council
Their political party
The voters
No one
Don't know
30 40 38 39 39
11 10 10 11 10
4 3 4 2 3
53 41 45 41 43
0 1 1 0 1
2 4 2 6 4
72B. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, local government councilors do their jobs?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
The president/executive
The parliament/local council
Their political party
The voters
No one
Don't know
20 17 15 19 17
16 23 24 20 22
4 4 4 4 4
58 52 54 51 53
0 1 1 0 1
2 4 2 5 3
49
72C. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, the president does his job?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
The president/executive
The parliament/local council
Their political party
The voters
No one
Don't know
4 6 6 5 5
47 49 50 46 48
2 3 4 2 3
42 37 37 39 38
2 1 1 1 1
2 4 2 6 4
73A. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been
able to find out about this: Value added tax on the food or goods that you buy from shops or traders?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I am not required to pay
Yes, I am required to pay
Don't know
78 72 74 72 73
18 22 22 22 22
4 6 5 7 6
73B. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been
able to find out about this: License fees to local government, for example, for a bicycle, cart, business or market stall?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I am not required to pay
Yes, I am required to pay
Don't know
48 45 44 47 45
46 47 51 43 47
6 9 6 11 8
73C. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been
able to find out about this: Property rates or taxes?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I am not required to pay
Yes, I am required to pay
Don't know
62 70 66 71 69
32 23 29 20 24
7 7 5 9 7
73D. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been
able to find out about this: If you have paid employment, are you required to pay an income tax, that is, a tax deducted
from your wages by your employer?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I am not required to pay
Yes, I am required to pay
Not applicable
Don't know
10 4 5 4 5
15 4 7 4 6
75 91 86 90 88
0 2 1 2 1
73E. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been
able to find out about this: If you are self-employed, are you required to pay a tax on the earnings from your business or
job?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I am not required to pay
Yes, I am required to pay
Not applicable
Don't know
7 3 4 3 4
9 5 7 4 6
83 90 87 90 89
1 2 2 2 2
50
74. In the last year, how often have powerful people or groups other than government, such as criminals or gangs, made
people in your community or neighborhood pay them money in return for protecting them, their property or their
businesses?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Only once
A Few Times
Often
Don't Know
91 94 93 94 93
1 1 1 1 1
4 2 3 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 3 2
75A. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To find out what taxes and fees you
are supposed to pay to the government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very easy
Easy
Difficult
Very difficult
Don't know
2 4 5 4 4
5 7 8 6 7
26 31 28 32 30
64 51 55 51 53
3 6 4 7 6
75B. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To find out how government uses the
revenues from people’s taxes and fees?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very easy
Easy
Difficult
Very difficult
Don't know
2 4 4 3 4
1 3 3 2 3
19 26 23 27 25
76 61 66 61 64
2 6 4 6 5
75C. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To avoid paying the income or
property taxes that you owe to government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Very easy
Easy
Difficult
Very difficult
Don't have to pay taxes
Don't know
1 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 2 3
24 31 30 30 30
63 52 55 53 54
3 4 4 4 4
6 7 5 8 7
76A. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the following, please
tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Not paying
for the services they receive from government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not wrong at all
Wrong but understandable
Wrong and punishable
Don't know
23 32 29 32 30
25 25 24 25 25
50 43 47 42 44
2 0 0 1 1
51
76B. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the following, please
tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Not paying
the taxes they owe on their income?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not wrong at all
Wrong but understandable
Wrong and punishable
Don't know
16 17 16 18 17
20 19 18 21 19
63 62 64 60 62
1 1 1 1 1
77. What do you think is the main reason that some people avoid paying government the taxes and fees that they owe?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
People don't avoid paying
The tax system is unfair
The taxes are too high
People cannot afford to pay
The poor services they receive from government
Government does not listen to them
Government wastes tax money
Government officials steal tax money
They know they will not be caught
Greed /selfishness
Ignorance, DK how to pay or don’t understand need to pay
Other
Don't know
4 7 7 7 7
10 8 9 7 8
17 17 19 16 17
48 46 46 47 46
1 2 2 2 2
2 0 1 0 1
2 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 3 3
3 5 5 4 4
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 1 2
1 1 1 0 1
8 6 3 10 6
78. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.
Statement 1: The use of violence is never justified in Burundian politics today.
Statement 2: In this country, it is sometimes necessary to use violence in support of a just cause.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
52 38 41 40 40
23 37 32 36 34
10 11 11 11 11
15 13 14 12 13
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
78.A1. Help from African Union
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Do nothing, no help
Help a little bit
Help somewhat
Help a lot
Don't know
24 19 22 18 20
19 16 16 17 16
20 22 22 22 22
32 29 31 27 29
5 15 10 17 13
52
79A.BDI. Changing the way of electing members of the National Assembly vs. it should not be changed?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
44 37 43 33 38
24 35 31 36 34
14 13 12 14 13
15 10 11 11 11
1 1 0 2 1
1 3 1 5 3
79B.BDI. Independence of the judiciary from the executive vs. dependent?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
13 15 15 14 15
15 21 21 19 20
33 31 28 34 31
36 29 33 27 30
1 1 1 2 1
1 3 2 4 3
80A.BDI. Best options of transitional justice for consolidating peace?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
To prosecute all those responsible for the crime
regardless of their rank
To prosecute only the person behind the crime
To prosecute only those who carried out the crime
Don't know
78 69 71 71 71
15 17 18 15 16
5 11 8 11 10
2 3 3 3 3
80B.BDI. Best options of transitional justice for reconciliation?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
To prosecute all those responsible for the crime
regardless of their rank
To prosecute only the person behind the crime
To prosecute only those who carried out the crime
Don't know
74 69 69 71 70
18 17 19 14 17
5 11 9 11 10
2 3 3 3 3
81.BDI. Birth control and population growth vs. no control needed
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
51 39 45 38 41
19 32 30 30 30
10 12 9 14 12
18 15 14 17 15
2 1 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
53
82.BDI. Women should have equal access to land property as men vs. they should not have equal access
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
37 23 20 31 25
17 17 12 22 17
15 28 28 23 25
30 31 38 23 30
1 1 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
83A.BDI. Involvement of political parties’ youth in law-enforcement is a threat for peace vs. asset for peace
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Agree very strongly with 1
Agree with 1
Agree with 2
Agree very strongly with 2
Agree with neither
Don't know
58 34 42 34 38
19 28 27 26 26
9 18 13 19 16
12 18 16 18 17
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1
83.B1.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: The ruling party
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
57 45 51 43 47
42 51 47 52 50
1 4 2 5 3
83B2.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: All parties in the National Assembly
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
41 29 32 30 31
58 68 66 66 66
2 3 2 5 3
83B3.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: All parties
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
29 26 25 28 27
70 70 73 66 70
2 4 2 5 4
Q83B4_BDI Naming members of National Electoral Commission: Civil society
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
15 22 18 23 20
83 74 80 71 75
2 5 2 6 4
54
83B5.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: President
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
47 33 43 29 36
51 63 55 67 61
1 3 2 4 3
84. Let’s go back to talk about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Hutu
Tutsi
Twa
Burundian only or "doesn't think of self in those terms"
Others
Refused
Don't know
49 80 77 72 75
36 10 14 16 15
1 1 1 0 1
6 4 4 4 4
1 0 0 0 0
5 3 3 5 4
2 2 1 3 2
85A. How often are _______s [Respondent’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Always
Not applicable
Don't know
49 60 57 59 58
22 18 20 17 19
12 11 12 10 11
2 1 2 1 1
14 9 8 11 10
2 1 1 1 1
85B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Burundian and being a ________[R’s Ethnic Group]. Which
of the following statements best expresses your feelings?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
I feel only [ethnic group]
I feel more [ethnic group] than Burundian
I feel equally Burundian and [ethnic group]
I feel more Burundian than [ethnic group]
I feel only Burundian
Not applicable
Don't know
0 3 2 3 2
1 2 2 2 2
9 7 8 7 8
10 15 15 13 14
66 64 66 63 65
14 9 8 11 10
0 0 0 0 0
85C. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: It makes you proud to be called a
Burundian.
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Neither Agree Nor Disagree
Agree
Strongly Agree
Don't know
6 7 6 7 7
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
11 13 12 13 13
82 78 80 77 79
1 0 0 0 0
55
86A. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the
right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person born in
Burundi with one Burundian and one non-Burundian parent?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
14 22 20 21 20
85 76 78 76 77
1 3 2 3 2
86B. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the
right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person born in
Burundi with two non-Burundian parents?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
39 51 49 48 49
60 47 50 49 49
1 2 1 2 2
86C. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the
right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: The wife of a
Burundian man, even if she was born outside of Burundi?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
26 32 30 32 31
72 66 69 65 67
2 2 1 3 2
86D. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the
right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: The husband of a
Burundian woman, even if he was born outside of Burundi?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
46 55 55 52 54
52 42 43 45 44
2 2 1 3 2
86E. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the
right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person who came
from another country, but who has lived and worked in Burundi for many years, and wishes to make Burundi his or her
home?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
26 35 32 35 33
72 62 66 62 64
2 3 2 3 3
56
86F. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the right
to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person who wishes to
hold dual citizenship, that is, to be a citizen both of Burundi and some other country?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No
Yes
Don't know
43 54 52 52 52
56 43 46 45 46
2 3 2 3 2
87. Let’s turn to your views on your fellow citizens. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or
that you must be very careful in dealing with people?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Must be very careful
Most people can be trusted
Don't know
45 44 44 44 44
54 56 55 55 55
1 1 1 0 1
88A. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Your relatives?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
5 4 5 3 4
90 89 88 90 89
4 5 5 5 5
88B. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Your neighbors?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know
5 2 2 3 3
9 6 7 6 7
39 33 31 37 34
47 59 60 54 57
0 0 0 0 0
88C. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Other people you know?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all
Just a little
Somewhat
A lot
Don't know
8 3 4 4 4
18 22 21 21 21
44 36 38 37 38
30 38 37 37 37
0 0 0 0 0
89A. Do you feel close to any particular political party?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, not close to any party
Yes, feels close to a party
Refused to answer
Don't know
44 25 24 34 29
52 71 72 63 68
3 3 3 3 3
1 0 1 0 1
57
89B. Which party is that?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
ConseilNatinal pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces de D
Front National de Liibération (FNL)
Unité pour le Progrès National
Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi Sahwanya-Frodebu
Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD) (Lé
Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie (MSD)
Union pour la Paix et la Démocratie - UPD-Zigamibanga
Sahwanya-FrodebuNyakuri
Front National de Libération (FNL-Miburo)
Not Applicable
Refused to answer
Don't know
33 59 54 55 54
2 2 3 0 2
8 4 6 3 4
1 2 3 1 2
0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
48 29 28 37 32
2 3 3 2 3
0 0 0 0 0
90A. Which of these things do you personally own: Radio?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, don't own
Yes, do own
26 39 29 43 36
74 61 71 57 64
90B. Which of these things do you personally own: Television?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, don't own
Yes, do own
Don't know
69 97 91 93 92
31 3 9 7 8
0 0 0 0 0
90C. Which of these things do you personally own: Motor vehicle, car or motorcycle?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, don't own
Yes, do own
Don't know
87 97 94 97 95
13 3 6 3 4
0 0 0 0 0
91A. How often do you use: A computer?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
Don't know
78 96 92 94 93
4 1 2 0 1
4 0 1 1 1
7 0 2 1 1
6 0 2 1 1
1 3 2 3 3
58
91B. How often do you use: The Internet?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than once a month
A few times a month
A few times a week
Every day
Don't know
79 95 91 94 93
3 1 2 0 1
6 0 1 1 1
7 0 2 1 2
3 0 1 0 1
1 3 3 3 3
92. Do you ever use a mobile phone? If so, who owns the mobile phone that you use most often?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No, I never use a mobile phone
Yes, I use a mobile phone that I own
Yes, I use a mobile owned by someone else in my household
Yes, I use a mobile owned by someone else outside my household
27 56 44 58 51
61 27 42 23 33
8 10 5 15 10
4 7 8 4 6
93A. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Make or receive a call?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than one time per day
One or two times per day
Three or four times per day
Five or more times per day
26 55 43 57 50
11 18 14 19 17
11 11 12 9 11
18 8 13 7 10
33 8 17 8 13
93B. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Send or receive a text message or SMS?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than one time per day
One or two times per day
Three or four times per day
Five or more times per day
39 74 60 75 68
10 9 10 8 9
14 8 12 7 9
14 5 8 5 6
22 4 9 5 7
93C. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Send or receive money or pay a bill?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Never
Less than one time per day
One or two times per day
Three or four times per day
Five or more times per day
Don't know
90 92 89 94 91
5 4 5 4 4
2 3 3 2 3
1 1 1 1 1
2 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
59
94. How many mobile phones are owned in total by members of your household, including yourself?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Don't know
26 57 47 56 51
17 24 25 21 23
23 13 15 14 15
18 5 8 7 7
9 1 3 1 2
3 0 1 0 1
2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
95A. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your
compound: Your main source of water for household use?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Inside the house
Inside the compound
Outside the compound
12 1 2 3 2
28 4 8 8 8
61 96 90 89 90
95B. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your
compound: A toilet or latrine?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None, no latrine available
Inside the house
Inside the compound
Outside the compound
1 1 1 1
14 1 3 3 3
58 55 54 56 55
27 43 41 40 41
96. Employment status: Do you have a job that pays a cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? Are you presently looking
for a job?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No (not looking)
No (looking)
Yes, part time
Yes, full time
58 81 69 84 77
18 10 15 8 11
4 4 6 2 4
20 6 10 6 8
60
97. What is the highest level of education you have completed?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No formal schooling
Informal schooling only
Some primary schooling
Primary school completed
Some secondary school/high school
Secondary school completed/high school
Post-secondary qualifications, not university
Some university
University completed
Post-graduate
8 17 14 17 16
8 19 12 23 17
27 37 36 34 35
10 14 16 11 13
20 8 13 7 10
14 3 5 5 5
3 0 1 1 1
5 0 1 1 1
5 0 2 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
98A. What is your religion, if any?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
None
Christian only
Roman Catholic
Orthodox
Coptic
Anglican
Lutheran
Methodist
Presbyterian
Baptist
Evangelical
Pentecostal
Independent
Jehovah's Witness
Seventh Day Adventist
Muslim only
Sunni only
Atheist (Do not believe in a God)
Church of Christ
Refused
Don't know
1 1 2 0 1
4 6 6 5 5
48 60 59 58 58
0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 1
2 4 3 4 3
0 1 0 1 1
2 4 4 4 4
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
6 1 2 1 2
16 16 14 18 16
1 0 0 0 0
2 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 2
13 1 4 3 3
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
98B. How important is religion in your life?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Not at all important
Not very important
Somewhat important
Very important
Refused to answer
Don't know
4 2 3 2 2
3 3 4 3 3
15 10 12 10 11
76 84 80 85 82
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
61
99. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces de
Front National de Libération (FNL)
Unité pour le Progrès National
Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi Sahwanya-Frodebu
Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD) (Lé
Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie (MSD)
Union pour la Paix et la Démocratie - UPD-Zigamibanga
Sahwanya-FrodebuNyakuri
Mouvement de Rassemblement pour la Réhabilitation du Citoyen
It depends on the program of the party
Others
Would not vote
Refused to answer
Don't know
35 58 53 55 54
2 2 3 2 2
7 4 6 3 5
1 3 3 1 2
0 0 0 0 0
3 1 2 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
6 1 2 2 2
2 0 0 1 1
12 5 5 8 6
12 12 12 12 12
19 13 13 15 14
100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview?
Urban Rural Male Female Total
No one
Government (general)
National/ federal government
Provincial/ regional government
Local government
President/PM's office
Parliament/ National assembly
Government census/ statistics office
National Intelligence/ Secret Service
Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry
Other government dept./ministry
Constitutional Commission
Electoral Commission
Public Utility Company
NGO
Political party/ politicians
Research company/org. (AB natl. partner)
Newspapers/ Media
University/ School/ College
Private company
International Organization
God or a religious organization
Other
Refused
Don't know
0 0 0 0 0
19 21 22 20 21
3 5 5 4 4
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0
9 14 9 17 13
0 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
10 9 10 7 9
2 2 2 2 2
34 21 28 19 23
2 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
5 5 6 4 5
3 1 1 1 1
1 3 2 3 2
1 1 1 2 1
0 1 1 1 1
8 13 9 15 12