icpsr 22021 afrobarometerround3:the qualityofdemocracyand … · 2021. 6. 23. · processing notes...

Afrobarometer Round 3: TheQuality of Democracy andGovernance in Botswana, 2005

ICPSR 22021

Mogopodi LekorweUniversity of Botswana. Department of Politicaland Administrative Studies

Michael BrattonMichigan State University

E. Gyimah-BoadiCenter of Democratic Development

Robert MattesUniversity of Cape Town

Codebook

Inter-university Consortium forPolitical and Social ResearchP.O. Box 1248Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106www.icpsr.umich.edu

Terms of UseThe terms of use for this study can be found at:

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/ICPSR/TERMS/22021.xml

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/ICPSR/TERMS/22021.xml

PROCESSING NOTES FOR ICPSR #22021 Afrobarometer: Round III Survey of Botswana, 2005

1) To preserve respondent confidentiality, variable DISTRICT has been recoded to “BLANKED”, variable REGION has been recoded to ‘999’ "BLANKED", and variable Q1 has been top coded at 80 in the public-use version of this collection.

2) In producing the full product-suite of files, variables DATEINTR, STRTIME and

ENDTIME have been changed from date to string variables. As a result, they have moved from their original positions in the data file to the end of the variable list.

3) In this collection, many variables have response categories with longer value labels

in the codebook, as compared to those found in the data. Please refer to the codebook for full value labels. Also, some variable and value labels in the codebook do not fully correspond to those found in the data.

4) Q17, Q52C, Q52D, Q54A through Q54G, Q57A, and Q93A: In the codebook,

value label for code ‘98’ is “Refused to answer”; however, in the data, response category for code ‘998’ is “Refused”.

5) Q29: In the codebook, value label for code ‘5’ is “You were too you to register”;

however, in the data, response category ‘5’ is “You were too young to register”. 6) Q33: In the data, code ‘7’ ”Not Applicable” is present, but not seen as a response

category in the codebook. 7) Q76B: In the codebook, value label for code ‘1’ is “The Parliament”; however, in the

data, response category ‘1’ is “The Local Council”. 8) Q80B and Q103: These variables have value labels in the codebook that are

different than those found in the data. 9) Q86: In the codebook, value label for code ‘149’ is “Social Democratic Party

(SDP)”; however, in the data, response category ‘149’ is “Kgarametsa One Time”. 10) Q98: In the codebook, the value label for code ‘99’ is “Don’t know”; however, in the

data, response category for code ‘999’ is labeled “Don’t know”. Additionally, in the data, code ‘997’ “Not applicable” is present, but not seen as a response category in the codebook.

11) Additional information about the Afrobarometer Survey can be found at the

Afrobarometer Web site (Link).

http://www.afrobarometer.org/

Sampling 5.1 Introduction This section presents a standard protocol for drawing a national probability sample for an Afrobarometer survey. Regardless of whether or not a previous survey has been in a country, a new sample has to be drawn for each round of Afrobarometer surveys. Whereas the standard sample size for Round 3 surveys will be 1200 cases, a larger sample size will be required in societies that are extremely heterogeneous (such as South Africa and Nigeria), where the sample size will be increased to 2400. Other adaptations may be necessary within some countries to account for the varying quality of the census data or the availability of census maps. The sample is designed as a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of selection for interview. We strive to reach this objective by (a) strictly applying random selection methods at every stage of sampling and by (b) applying sampling with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible. A randomly selected sample of 1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than plus or minus 2.5 percent with a confidence level of 95 percent. If the sample size is increased to 2400, the confidence interval shrinks to plus or minus 2 percent. 5.2 Sample Universe The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort. 5.3 Sample Design The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. To repeat the main sampling principle, the objective of the design is to give every sample element (i.e. adult citizen) an equal and known chance of being chosen for inclusion in the sample. We strive to reach this objective by (a) strictly applying random selection methods at every stage of sampling and by (b) applying sampling with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible. In a series of stages, geographically defined sampling units of decreasing size are selected. To ensure that the sample is representative, the probability of selection at various stages is adjusted as follows:

1. The sample is stratified by key social characteristics in the population such as sub-national area (e.g. region/province) and residential locality (urban or rural). The area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. And the urban/rural stratification is a means to make sure that these localities are represented in their correct proportions.

2. Wherever possible, and always in the first stage of sampling, random sampling is conducted with

probability proportionate to population size (PPPS). The purpose is to guarantee that larger (i.e., more populated) geographical units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling design has four stages

A first-stage to stratify and randomly select primary sampling units; A second-stage to randomly select sampling start-points;

A third stage to randomly choose households;

A final-stage involving the random selection of individual respondents.

We shall deal with each of these stages in turn. 5.3.1 STAGE ONE: Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) The primary sampling units (PSU’s) are the smallest, well-defined geographic units for which reliable population data are available. In most countries, these will be Census Enumeration Areas (or EAs). Most national census data and maps are broken down to the EA level. In the text that follows we will use the acronyms PSU and EA interchangeably because, when census data are employed, they refer to the same unit. We strongly recommend that NIs use official national census data as the sampling frame for Afrobarometer surveys. Where recent or reliable census data are not available, NIs are asked to inform the relevant Core Partner before they substitute any other demographic data. Where the census is out of date, NIs should consult a demographer to obtain the best possible estimates of population growth rates. These should be applied to the outdated census data in order to make projections of population figures for the year of the survey. It is important to bear in mind that population growth rates vary by area (region) and (especially) between rural and urban localities. Therefore, any projected census data should include adjustments to take such variations into account. Indeed, we urge NIs to establish collegial working relationships within professionals in the national census bureau, not only to obtain the most recent census data, projections, and maps, but to gain access to sampling expertise. NIs may even commission a census statistician to draw the sample to Afrobarometer specifications, provided that provision for this service has been made in the survey budget. Regardless of who draws the sample, the NIs should thoroughly acquaint themselves with the strengths and weaknesses of the available census data and the availability and quality of EA maps. The country and methodology reports should cite the exact census data used, its known shortcomings, if any, and any projections made from the data. At minimum, the NI must know the size of the population and the urban/rural population divide in each region in order to specify how to distribute population and PSU’s in

the first stage of sampling. National investigators should obtain this written data before they attempt to stratify the sample. Once this data is obtained, the sample population (either 1200 or 2400) should be stratified, first by area (region/province) and then by residential locality (urban or rural). In each case, the proportion of the sample in each locality in each region should be the same as its proportion in the national population as indicated by the updated census figures. Having stratified the sample, it is then possible to determine how many PSU’s should be selected for the country as a whole, for each region, and for each urban or rural locality. The total number of PSU’s to be selected for the whole country is determined by calculating the maximum degree of clustering of interviews one can accept in any PSU. Because PSUs (which are usually geographically small EAs) tend to be socially homogenous we do not want to select too many people in any one place. Thus, the Afrobarometer has established a standard of no more than 8 interviews per PSU. For a sample size of 1200, the sample must therefore contain 150 PSUs/EAs (1200 divided by 8). For a sample size of 2400, there must be 300 PSUs/EAs. These PSUs should then be allocated proportionally to the urban and rural localities within each regional stratum of the sample. Let’s take a couple of examples from a country with a sample size of 1200. If the urban locality of Region X in this country constitutes 10 percent of the current national population, then the sample for this stratum should be 15 PSUs (calculated as 10 percent of 150 PSUs). If the rural population of Region Y constitutes 4 percent of the current national population, then the sample for this stratum should be 6 PSU’s. The next step is to select particular PSUs/EAs using random methods. Using the above example of the rural localities in Region Y, let us say that you need to pick 6 sample EAs out of a census list that contains a total of 240 rural EAs in Region Y. But which 6? If the EAs created by the national census bureau are of equal or roughly equal population size, then selection is relatively straightforward. Just number all EAs consecutively, then make six selections using a table of random numbers. This procedure, known as simple random sampling (SRS), will ensure that each EA will have an equal probability of being sampled. If the PSUs’/EAs have different population sizes, however, then random sampling must be conducted with probability proportionate to population size (PPPS). The idea here is that units with larger populations should have a proportionally greater chance (probability) of being chosen. The PPPS method is not difficult to use and is described in Appendix 6. Once EA’s have been randomly selected they should be plotted on a national map. Use this map to plan out the deployment routes for the various field teams. In some cases, a few EAs may be so inaccessible or so dangerous that substitution of PSUs becomes necessary. As long as PSU substitutions never constitute more than 5 percent of all PSU’s it is acceptable to make them. The best method is to randomly draw another EA in the hope that it will fall in a more convenient location. Please record which EAs are substitutes and justify why they were substituted. If more than 5 percent of PSUs require substitution, then the NI should discard the entire Stage 1 sample and draw a new one. 5.3.1.1 Oversampling- optional In some countries, the NI may be concerned that a random sample might miss a politically important minority group. Or, even if this minority is represented in the sample in accordance with its share of the national population, there may be too few cases to make reliable generalizations about the attitudes of this

group. Under these circumstances, over-sampling is permissible, as we did in Round 1 for the Toaureg, Ijaw, and Coloured minorities in Mali, Nigeria and South Africa respectively. Purposive over-sampling will also be required as a condition of one donor’s funding in Round 3; USAID wishes to gather extra information on certain regions where their projects are located, probably in Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, and Zambia. Note that the over-sample should be coterminous with a given sampling stratum, usually a region. The NI should consult the relevant Core Partner about any planned over-sampling and keep detailed records that allow correct weighting factors to be calculated to correct for over-sampling at the stage of data analysis. 5.3.1.2 Additional Cluster (Optional) In countries where regions are too numerous or too scattered to provide a logistically feasible sampling frame, an additional stage of clustering can be considered, as follows: * Choose a suitable geographic unit between region/province and EA: e.g. administrative district. In large countries, it may not be practical to visit all districts or even all regions. Number and stratify all districts and, using PPPS, randomly choose a subset of these districts. Preferably, the subset should not be less than half of the total number of districts in the country. And the subset should always cover all relevant social variations nationwide. * A population limit shall be set for districts that should be self-representing (i.e. large districts which must be represented in the sample). Self-representing districts will thus have a probability equal to one of inclusion in the sample. * Once PPPS is applied, other districts will have a probability proportional to population size of inclusion in the sample. 5.3.1.3 Additional Stratum (Optional) In urban areas that have extremely diverse housing patterns, the NI may choose to add an additional layer of stratification to increase the likelihood that the sample does not leave out high-density (especially informal) settlements. Using a street map, a city or town can be divided into high- medium- and low-density areas. It can then be required that PSUs are represented equally (or better yet, in proportion to population sizes, if these are known) within the sample for that city or town. 5.3.2 STAGE TWO: Selecting Sampling Start Points (SSP’s) Within each PSU/EA, Field Teams travel to a randomly selected sampling start point (SSP). Thus the number of start points is the same as the number of PSU’s (150 or 300). A sampling start point (SSP) is required so that interviewers know where to start random walk patterns within each PSU (see next section). This procedure has the effect of further clustering the sample into manageable areas that are reachable on foot or by a short vehicle ride. Either in the office or in the field, the Field Supervisor (FS) selects the SSP using one of the following three methods. 5.3.2.1 The ideal method If the FS is able to obtain a list of all households in a selected EA, then this should be done. Possible sources include the national census bureau or the office of district administrator or local government

authority. Once a list is available, the field supervisor should randomly (using a random numbers table) choose eight households, and send one Interviewer to each. A detailed map showing all households in the EA and matching them with the listed names is necessary for this method. (Note: If this method is used, it is not necessary to apply Stage Three: Selection of Households. Go straight to Stage Four: Selection of Respondents). 5.3.2.2 An alternative method (where maps are available for the PSU) If the census bureau has provided EA maps, the FS can randomly select a start point using a grid. The FS places a ruler with numbers along the top of the map and a ruler with numbers along the side of the map. He/she then uses a table of random numbers (or a set of numbered cards) to select a number for the top axis and a number for the side axis, resulting in a random combination (e.g. “9 and 6.”) A line is then drawn on the map horizontal to the number chosen on the side, and another line is drawn vertical to the number chosen on the top. The point on the map where these two lines intersect is the sampling start point. The SSP is marked on the map, and given to the field team for that area. The fieldwork team then locates the nearest housing settlement to this point, and travels there (or as near as they can to the point). In rural areas, finding the SSP may require the field team to consult with local residents. Because we never know in advance the actual condition on the ground in all the PSU’s, the FS may need to choose a second sampling start point as a reserve or substitute if the SSP is inappropriate or inaccessible. 5.3.2.3 Another alternative (where maps are not available) When maps are not available for the selected PSU, the following procedure should be used. The FS contacts a local government councilor or another official knowledgeable about the area. This person is consulted to determine how many housing settlements (e.g. villages) are in the PSU. These settlements must have identifiable boundaries that do not overlap with one another. These settlements are numbered and, using numbered cards, the FS asks the informant to randomly select one card. The settlement identified by the selected number is the settlement where the interviews will be conducted. IMPORTANT: At the start point, then the FS must be certain to preserve randomness, by rotating the place where Interviewers begin their random walk pattern. If the Team starts on a main road at one SSP, they should start off the road at the next SSP. If the Team starts in a central place (like a school) in one EA, they should start in a peripheral place in the next EA. And so on. The logic of random sampling is to avoid ANY kind of pattern in the units selected at any stage. 5.3.3 STAGE THREE: Selecting Households Having arrived at the sampling start point, the Team is ready to select households. For the purposes of the Afrobarometer, a household is defined as a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. By this definition, a household does not include persons who are currently living elsewhere for purposes of studies or work. Nor does a household include domestic workers or temporary visitors (even if they eat from the same pot or slept there on the previous night). And, in practice, we want to select our respondent from among persons in the household who will be available for interview on that same day.

In multi-household dwelling structures (like blocks of flats, compounds with multiple spouses, or backyard dwellings for renters, relatives, or household workers), each household is treated as a separate sampling unit. IMPORTANT: The third (household) and fourth (respondent) stages of sampling are conducted by Interviewers. Interviewers must be carefully trained and supervised to ensure that they follow Afrobarometer sampling instructions to the exact letter. These sampling instructions are summarized below and spelled out on the first two pages of every questionnaire. Field Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that their teams of Interviewers understand their parts of the sampling methodology and execute them correctly. The method for selecting households is as follows: 5.3.3.1 In well-populated urban and rural areas, with single-dwelling units: Starting as near as possible to the SSP, the FS should choose any random point (like a street corner, a school, or a water source) being careful to randomly rotate the choice of such landmarks. The four Interviewers should be instructed to walk away from this point in the following random directions: The Walk Pattern: Interviewer 1 walks towards the sun, Interviewer 2 away from the sun, Interviewer 3 at right angle to Interviewer 1, Interviewer 4 in the opposite direction from Interviewer 3, etc. If the Team contains more than four Interviewers, then the FS should take them to another randomly selected place near the SSP to begin their walk patterns. When interviews are to be conducted during the night by the whole team (excluding call backs), the team should use the moon or some other random landmark to begin the walk pattern (Field Supervisors should just make sure that interviewees disperse in directions opposite to each other). Each Interviewer should use the day code to establish an interval (n) for household selection. The day code introduces randomness into the interval. It is calculated by adding together the numbers in the day of the month as follows. On the 5th, 14th and 23rd of the month the interval would be 5, but on the 6th, 15th and 24th it would be 6. And so on. On some days (the 1st and 10th of the month) the Interviewer moves to the adjacent dwelling structure (because the sampling interval is 1). On the 29th of the month the Interviewer must leave the widest gap, selecting only every eleventh house. In every case, the Interviewer selects the nth house on the right. 5.3.3.2 In well-populated urban and rural areas, with multiple-dwelling units: If the start point is a block of flats, or if the walk pattern includes a block of flats, then the Interviewer should start on the top floor and work his/her way downwards, stopping at every nth flat on the right. In an exception to the normal walk pattern, which only refers to blocks of flats, the Interviewer should only visit alternate floors of the block. 5.3.3.3 In sparsely populated rural areas, with small villages or single-dwelling farms: In such areas, there may be only a few households around a given start point. We do not wish to over-cluster the sample by conducting too many (e.g. all 8) interviews in one small village. In these cases, the following guidelines shall apply: If there are 15 or fewer households within walking distance of the start point, the field team shall drop only one Interviewer there. If there are 16-30 households within walking distance of the start point, two Interviewers can be dropped there. (If there are more than 50 households,

the whole team can be dropped off as usual). If only one or two Interviewers can be dropped at the start point, the rest of the team should drive to the nearest housing settlement within the same EA and closest to the SSP, where the next one, two or three Interviewers shall be dropped according to the same rule. And so on. 5.3.3.4 In sparsely populated rural areas, with commercial farms: In countries where commercial farms are large and contain populous settlements of farm workers, effort should be made to avoid collecting all eight interviews for that EA on one farm. To do this, the field supervisor should drop two Interviewers at the first farm (either the first randomly chosen from a comprehensive list of farms within the EA, or the first nearest the randomly selected start point), and then drop the remaining two Interviewers at the next farm. Once the first two are finished, they are moved to another farm for two more interviews, and the same with the second pair, so that eight interviews are obtained from four separate farms in each EA. It is important that all selected farms are within the selected EA. Households should be chosen from lists of households on the farm, or by using a standard random walk pattern. Remember to include both the farm owner’s and farm workers’ dwellings on the lists or on the walk pattern. Once the teams’ eight interviews are completed, the field supervisor should move the team on to the next selected EA and repeat the procedure.

5.3.3.5 Interviewer’s second interview In a Team of four, each Interviewer is to obtain two interviews per EA (4 Interviewers x 2 interviews = 8 interviews, the quota for the EA). After completing the first interview, he or she should follow the same procedure as before. He/she continues walking in the same direction and chooses the nth dwelling on the right (where n = the day code). And so on. If the settlement comes to an end and there are no more houses, the Interviewer should turn at right angles to the right and keep walking, again looking for the nth dwelling on the right. This procedure is repeated until the Interviewer finds an eligible dwelling containing an eligible household. 5.3.4 STAGE FOUR: Selecting Individual Respondents Once the household is chosen, the Interviewer is responsible for randomly selecting the individual respondent within the household who will be interviewed. To ensure that women are not underrepresented, the Afrobarometer sets a gender stratum of an equal number of men and women in the overall sample. To accomplish this stratum, the gender of respondents is alternated for each interview. First, the Interviewer determines from the previous interview whether a man or a woman is to be interviewed. The Interviewer then lists (in any order) the first names of all the household members of that gender who are 18 years and older, even those not presently at home but who will return to the house that evening. From the list (which is numbered, see p. 2 of the questionnaire), the interviewer randomly selects the actual person to be interviewed by asking a household member to choose a numbered card from a blind deck of cards. The interviewer should interview only the person whose number is selected and no one else in that household. If the person selected refuses to be interviewed, the Interviewer replaces the household by continuing the walking pattern and again selecting the nth dwelling on the right (where n = the day code). Note: In the Afrobarometer, we substitute households, not respondents. Under no circumstances must the interviewer substitute another individual in the same household for a respondent selected randomly by means of the numbered card method. It is not acceptable, for example, to substitute a

spouse, parent, child, sibling (or domestic worker or visitor) in the same household for a selected respondent who happens not to be at home at the time. If there is no one at home in the selected household on the first try, the respondent should make one call-back later in the day. Or, if the designated respondent is not at home, the Interviewer should make an appointment to meet them later in the day. Again, a call-back will be necessary in order to find the selected respondent and to conduct the interview. It is also acceptable for the Interviewer to enquire about the whereabouts of the selected respondent (they may perhaps be at work) and, if nearby, to walk to that place to conduct the interview. If the call-back is unsuccessful, say because the respondent has still not returned home for the appointment, then, and only then, the Interviewer may substitute the household. If the house is still empty or the selected respondent is not at home at the time of the call-back, the Interviewer must substitute that household with the very next household found in the direction of the walk pattern. This slight change in the walk pattern is necessary under these circumstances since the Interviewer may already have had a successful call earlier in the day in the household that is located at the sampling interval. 5.4 Reducing Household Substitutions Round 3 draws on experiences from Round 2. All substitution figures above 5 percent are considered high in the Afrobarometer surveys. We would urge NIs to reduce the substitutions, whether for Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) or households through better planning. Many household substitutions seem to occur because of the timing of the interviews. Our data show that most interviews take place between 8:00 am and 6:00pm. We can minimize substitutions through the following means: a. Plan around the working timetables of rural or urban communities. This means scheduling interviews to take place perhaps towards the end of the day in some areas. b. In urban areas, gender strata are often difficult to meet because a lot of men are at work, especially when interviews are conducted during the week. We therefore advise that interviews in urban areas be spread to include weekends. When planning deployments in urban areas, ensure that at least one day of interviews falls on a weekend. c. If a minority language group is in the sample, NIs need to plan ahead to ensure that field teams have the right translations of the questionnaire. This means drawing the sample well before the other fieldwork activities.

Copyright Afrobarometer

Data Codebook

for a

Round3 Afrobarometer Survey

in

Botswana

Prepared by: Olufunmbi M. Elemo

Michigan State University May 2007

The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) 6 Spin Street, Church Square 14 West Airport Residential Area Department of Political Science Cape Town 8001, South Africa P.O. Box 404, Legon-Accra, Ghana East Lansing, Michigan 48824 27 21 461 2559•fax: 27 21 461 2589 233 21 776 142•fax: 233 21 763 028 517 353 3377•fax: 517 432 1091 Mattes ([email protected]) Gyimah-Boadi ([email protected]) Bratton ([email protected])

Copyright Afrobarometer 2

Question Number: respno Question: Respondent number Variable Label: Respondent number Values: BOT0001-BOT1200 Value Labels: String variable Note: Assigned by data managers Question Number: backchk Question: Household back-checked? Variable Label: Household back-checked? Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=Yes, 2=No Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: urbrur Question: PSU/EA Variable Label: Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=Urban, 2=Rural Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: region Question: Region/Province Variable Label: Province or region Values: 140-155 Value Labels: 140=Central, 141=Chobe, 142=Francis Town, 143=Gaborone, 144=Ghanzi, 145=Jwaneng, 146=Kgalagadi, 147=Kgatleng, 148=Kweneng, 149=Lobatse, 150=North East, 151=Ngamiland, 152=Orapa, 153=Selibe Phikwe, 154=South East, 155=Southern Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: district Question: District Variable Label: District Values: String variable Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: hholdse1 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 1 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) Note: Answered by interviewer, after instructions, “It is your job is to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same spot. Start your walk pattern from the start point that has been randomly chosen by your Field Supervisor. Team members must walk in opposite directions to each other. If A walks towards the sun, B must walk away from the sun; C and D must walk at right angles to A and B. Use the day code to determine the sampling interval. For example, on the 5th, 14th and 23rd of the month, the day code (and sampling interval) is five. So you choose the fifth dwelling structure on the right. On the 6th, 15th and 24th of the month, the sampling interval is six. So you choose the sixth dwelling structure on the right. And so on. If a call is unsuccessful, use the table below to record your progress until you make a successful call. Circle a code number for unsuccessful calls only.” Question Number: hholdse2 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 2 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Values: 1-8, 997


Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Question Number: hholdse3 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 3 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: hholdse4 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 4 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: hholdse5 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 5 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: hholdse6 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 6 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: hholdse7 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls – Household 7 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period, 4=Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other, 997=Not applicable Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: prevint Question: Previous interview was with a: Variable Label: Previous interview, gender


Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=First interview, 1=Male, 2=Female Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: currint Question: This interview must be with a: Variable Label: This interview, gender Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: calls Question: Interviewer: How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? Variable Label: Number of calls Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=One call, 2=Two calls Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: dateintr Question: Date of interview Variable Label: Date of interview Values: 28 May 2005 through 12 June 2005 Note: Answered by interviewer. Question Number: strtime Question: Time interview started Variable Label: Time interview started Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered hour and minute, 24 hour clock Question Number: Q1 Question: How old are you? Variable Label: Age Values: 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q2 Question: Are you the head of the household? Variable Label: Head of household Values: 0, 1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q3 Question: Which Botswana language is your home language? Variable Label: Language of respondent Values: 1, 140-149, 995, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 140=Setswana, 141=Sesarwa, 142=Sekgaladi, 143=Sesobea, 144=Sekalanga, 145=Seherero, 146=Sembukushu, 147=Sebirwa, 148=Sengologa, 149=Seyei, 995=Other, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q4A Question: In general, how would you describe: The present economic conditions of this country? Variable Label: Country’s present economic condition Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: NDB, Zambia96


Question Number: Q4B Question: In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? Variable Label: Your present living conditions Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q5 Question: In general, how do you rate: Your living conditions compared to those of other Botswana? Variable Label: Your living conditions vs. others Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q6A Question: Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country? Variable Label: Country’s economic condition 12 months ago Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q6B Question: Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions? Variable Label: Your living conditions 12 months ago Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q7A Question: Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve months time? Variable Label: Country’s economic condition in 12 months Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q7B Question: Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time? Variable Label: Your living conditions in 12 months Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q8A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough food to eat? Variable Label: How often gone without food Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q8B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough clean water for home use? Variable Label: How often gone without water Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q8C Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Medicines or medical treatment? Variable Label: How often gone without medical care Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q8D Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough fuel to cook your food? Variable Label: How often gone without cooking fuel Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q8E Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: A cash income? Variable Label: How often gone without a cash income Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q8F Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: School expenses for your children (like fees, uniforms or books)? Variable Label: How often gone without school expenses Values: 0-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 7=No children, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q9A Question: Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home? Variable Label: How often feared crime in home Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Question Number: Q9B Question: Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house?


Variable Label: How often something stolen from house Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Question Number: Q9C Question: Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? Variable Label: How often physically attacked Values: 0-4, 9, 98, -1 Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Question Number: Q10 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. B: It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees. Variable Label: Free schooling vs. user fees Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree Very Strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q11 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. B: The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off. Variable Label: Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree Very Strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q12 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. B: In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardships now. Variable Label: Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree Very Strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Ghana97 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q13 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. B: The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few. Variable Label: Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree Very Strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree Very Strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Ghana99


Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q14A Question: Please tell me whether each of the following aspects of our economic situation in this country are better or worse than they were a few years ago, or whether they have remained the same: The availability of consumer goods? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Availability of goods Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=About the same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q14B Question: Please tell me whether each of the following aspects of our economic situation in this country are better or worse than they were a few years ago, or whether they have remained the same: The availability of job opportunities? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Job opportunities Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=About the same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Botswana Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q14C Question: Please tell me whether each of the following aspects of our economic situation in this country are better or worse than they were a few years ago, or whether they have remained the same: The gap between the rich and the poor? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Gap between rich and poor Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=About the same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q15A Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio? Variable Label: Radio news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q15B Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Television? Variable Label: Television news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q15C Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers? Variable Label: Newspaper news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96


Question Number: Q16 Question Number: How interested would you say you are in public affairs? Variable Label: Interest in public affairs Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all interested, 1=Not very interested, 2=Somewhat interested, 3=Very interested, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q17 Question Number: When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: Variable Label: Discuss politics Values: 0-2, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Occasionally, 2=Frequently, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q18A Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politics and government sometimes seem so complicated that you can’t really understand what’s going on. Variable Label: Politics and government too complicated Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly agree, 2=Agree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Disagree, 5=Strongly disagree, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q18B Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? As far as politics is concerned, friends and neighbors do not listen to you. Variable Label: Others don’t listen to you Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly agree, 2=Agree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Disagree, 5=Strongly disagree, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q19 Question: Lets talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: People should look after themselves and be responsible for their own success in life. B: The government should bear the main responsibility for the well-being of people. Variable Label: People responsible for well-being vs. government Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Ghana99 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q20 Question: Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: As citizens, we should be more active in questioning the actions of our leaders. B: In our country these days, we should show more respect for authority. Variable Label: Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?”


Question Number: Q21 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Since leaders represent everyone, leaders should not favour their own family or group. B: Once in office, leaders are obliged to help their home community. Variable Label: Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q22 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: All people should be permitted to vote, even if they do not fully understand all the issues in an election. B: Only those who are sufficiently well educated should be allowed to choose our leaders. Variable Label: All vote vs. only educated vote Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia 96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q23 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: In our country, women should have equal rights and receive the same treatment as men do. B: Women have always been subject to traditional laws and customs, and should remain so. Variable Label: Women have equal rights vs. subject to traditional laws Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q24 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men. B: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women. Variable Label: Women leaders vs. men only as leaders Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q25 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies. B: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it. Variable Label: Government bans organization vs. join any Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q26 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B.


A: Government should close newspapers that print false stories or misinformation. B: The news media should be free to publish any story that they see fit without fear of being shut down. Variable Label: Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q27 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Government should not allow the expression of political views that are fundamentally different from the views of the majority. B: People should be able to speak their minds about politics free of government influence, no matter how unpopular their views may be. Variable Label: Government suppress expression vs. people speak minds Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q28A Question: Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group (e.g. church, mosque)? Variable Label: Member of religious group Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q28B Question: Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A trade union or farmers association? Variable Label: Member of trade union or farmers association Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q28C Question: Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A professional or business association? Variable Label: Member of professional or business association Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q28D Question: Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A community development or self-help association? Variable Label: Member of community development association Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1


Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q29 Question: Understanding that some Botswana were not able to register as voters for the 2004 elections, which statement is true for you? Variable Label: Registered to vote Values: 1-6, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=You were registered to vote, 2=You did not want to register, 4=You could not find a place to register, 4=You were prevented from registering, 5=You were too you to register, 6= Did not register for some other reason, 9=Don’t know/Can't remember, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q30 Question: With regard to the most recent, 2004 national elections, which statement is true for you? Variable Label: Voted last election Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=You voted in the elections, 2=You decided not to vote, 3=You could not find the polling station, 4=You were prevented from voting, 5=You did not have time to vote 6= Did not vote for some other reason, 7=You were not registered 9=Don’t know/Can't remember, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q31A Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting? Variable Label: Attend a community meeting Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q31B Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue? Variable Label: Join others to raise an issue Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q31C Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a demonstration or protest march? Variable Label: Attend a demonstration or protest march Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q32A Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A District Chief Executive? Variable Label: Contact local government councilor Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1


Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32B Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A Parliamentarian? Variable Label: Contact MP Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32C Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: An official of a government ministry? Variable Label: Contact official of a government ministry Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32D Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A political party official? Variable Label: Contact political party official Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32E Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A religious leader? Variable Label: Contact religious leader Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32F Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A traditional (Kgosi) ruler? Variable Label: Contact traditional ruler Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q32G Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: Some other influential person? Variable Label: Contact some other influential person Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96


Question Number: Q33 Question: Think of the last time you contacted any of the above leaders. Was the main reason to: Variable Label: Why contact Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Tell them about your own personal problems, 2= Tell them about a community or public problem, 3= Give them your view on some political issue, 4=Something else, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q34 Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Understand democracy Values: 1-3, 9, -1 Value Labels: 1=Understood “democracy” in English, 2= Required local language translation, 3=Did not understand the word or question, even in the local language, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q35A Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Meaning of democracy—1st verbatim response Values: String variable Source: Ghana 97 Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator.

Question Number: Q35pt1 Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: First meaning of democracy Values: 0-12, 14-17, 19-21, 990, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/Democracy has no meaning, 1=Civil liberties/personal freedoms (e.g. freedom of speech, religion, movement, etc…), 2=Government by, for, of the people/popular rule, 3=Voting/elections/multiparty competition, 4=Peace/unity/power sharing, 5=Social/economic development, 6=Equality/justice, 7=Majority rule, 8=Governance/effectiveness/accountability/rule of law, 9=National independence/people’s self-determination=9, 10=Mutual respect, 11=Working together, 12=Other positive meanings, 14=Conflict/confusion, 15=Corruption/abuse of power, 16=Social/economic hardship, 17=Other negative meanings, 19=Civilian politics/government, 20=Change of government/leadership/laws, 21=Other neutral/ null meanings, 990=Supervisor could not code response, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don't know/Did not understand the question, -1=Missing data Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator. Question Number: Q35B Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Meaning of democracy—2nd verbatim response Values: String variable Source: Ghana 97 Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator. Question Number: Q35pt2 Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Second meaning of democracy Values: 0-12, 14-17, 19-21, 990, 996, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/Democracy has no meaning, 1=Civil liberties/personal freedoms (e.g. freedom of speech, religion, movement, etc…), 2=Government by, for, of the people/popular rule, 3=Voting/elections/multiparty competition, 4=Peace/unity/power sharing, 5=Social/economic development, 6=Equality/justice, 7=Majority rule, 8=Governance/effectiveness/accountability/rule of law, 9=National independence/people’s self-determination=9, 10=Mutual respect, 11=Working together, 12=Other positive meanings, 14=Conflict/confusion, 15=Corruption/abuse of power, 16=Social/economic hardship, 17=Other negative meanings, 19=Civilian


politics/government, 20=Change of government/leadership/laws, 21=Other neutral/ null meanings, 990=Supervisor could not code response, 996=No further reply, -1=Missing data Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator. Question Number: Q35C Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Meaning of democracy—3rd verbatim response Values: String variable Source: Ghana 97 Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator. Question Number: Q35pt3 Question: What if anything does democracy mean to you? Variable Label: Third meaning of democracy Values: 0-12, 14-17, 19-21, 990, 996, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/Democracy has no meaning, 1=Civil liberties/personal freedoms(eg freedom of speech, religion, movement, etc…), 2=Government by, for, of the people/popular rule, 3=Voting/elections/multiparty competition, 4=Peace/unity/power sharing, 5=Social/economic development, 6=Equality/justice, 7=Majority rule, 8=Governance/effectiveness/accountability/rule of law, 9=National independence/people’s self-determination=9, 10=Mutual respect, 11=Working together, 12=Other positive meanings, 14=Conflict/confusion, 15=Corruption/abuse of power, 16=Social/economic hardship, 17=Other negative meanings, 19=Civilian politics/government, 20=Change of government/leadership/laws, 21=Other neutral/ null meanings, 990=Supervisor could not code response, 996=No Further Reply, -1=Missing data Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response in English. Responses were coded by Field Supervisors and checked by National Investigator. Question Number: Q36A Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office? Variable Label: Reject one-party rule Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q36B Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army comes in to govern the country? Variable Label: Reject military rule Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q36C Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections and the Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything? Variable Label: Reject one-man rule Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.


Question Number: Q37 Question: Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? A: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. B: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. C: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have. Variable Label: Support for democracy Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Statement C: Doesn’t matter, 2=Statement B: Sometimes non-democratic preferable, 3=Statement A: Democracy preferable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Latinobarometer (LB) Note: Interviewer stated the word “democracy” in English, not in a local language. Question Number: Q38 Question: Let’s change the subject. I would like to hear your views about how this country is governed. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections. B: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s leaders. Variable Label: Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q39 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in Botswana. B: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Botswana have real choices in who governs them. Variable Label: Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q40 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The members of Parliament represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country, even if the President does not agree. B: Since the President represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what the Parliament thinks. Variable Label: Parliament makes laws vs. president does Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q41 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he thinks are wrong. B: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong. Variable Label: President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q42 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Our present system of elected government should be given more time to deal with inherited problems. B: If our present system cannot produce results soon, we should try another form of government. Variable Label: Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q43A1 Question: Can you tell me the name of: Your Member of Parliament? Variable Label: Identify MP (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Interviewer preceded question with the statement: “Now let us speak about the political system in this country.” Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response, and then coded the answer. Question Number: Q43A2 Question: Can you tell me the name of: Your Member of Parliament? Variable Label: Identify MP (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q43B1 Question: Can you tell me the name of: Your Local Government Councillor? Variable Label: Identify Local Government Councillor (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Interviewer preceded question with the statement: “Now let us speak about the political system in this country.” Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response, and then coded the answer. Question Number: Q43B2 Question: Can you tell me the name of: Your Local Government Councillor? Variable Label: Identify local government councillor (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q43C1 Question: Can you tell me the name of: The Vice President? Variable Label: Identify Vice President (verbatim) Values: String Variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Interviewer preceded question with the statement: “Now let us speak about the political system in this country.” Interviewer recorded respondent’s verbatim response, and then coded the answer. Question Number: Q43C2 Question: Can you tell me the name of: The Vice President Variable Label: Tell name of the Vice President (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Question Number: Q44A1 Question: Do you happen to know: Which political party has the most seats in parliament? Variable Label: Know: political party with most seats (verbatim) Values: String Variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q44A2 Question: Do you happen to know: Which political party has the most seats in parliament? Variable Label: Know: political party with most seats (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q44B1 Question: Do you happen to know: How many times someone can be elected President? Variable Label: Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q44B2 Question: Do you happen to know: How many times someone can be elected President? Variable Label: Know: Presidential term limits (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q44C1 Question: Do you happen to know: Whose responsibility it is to determine whether or not a law is constitutional? Variable Label: Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Values: String variable Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Question Number: Q44C2 Question: Do you happen to know: Whose responsibility it is to determine whether or not a law is constitutional? Variable Label: Know: Determine constitutionality (code) Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Know but can’t remember, 2=Incorrect guess, 3=Correct name, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q45 Question: On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2004. Was it: Variable Label: Elections free and fair Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Completely free and fair, 2=Free and fair, but with minor problems, 3=Free and fair, with major problems, 4=Not free and fair, 8=Do not understand the question, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q46 Question: In your opinion how much of a democracy is Botswana today? Variable Label: Extent of democracy Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not a democracy, 2=A democracy, with major problems, 3=A democracy, but with minor problems, 4=A full democracy, 8=Do not understand question/democracy, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Ghana 97 Note: Interviewer stated the word “democracy” in English, not in a local language.


Question Number: Q47 Question: Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Botswana? Are you: Variable Label: Satisfaction with democracy Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Botswana is not a democracy, 1=Not at all satisfied, 2=Not very satisfied, 3=Fairly satisfied, 4=Very satisfied, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Eurobarometer Note: Interviewer stated the word “democracy” in English, not in a local language. Question Number: Q48 Question: In your opinion, how likely is it that Botswana will remain a democratic country? Variable Label: Future of democracy Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Botswana is not a democracy, 1=Not at all likely, 2=Not very likely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q49 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is important to obey the government in power no matter who you voted for B: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that I did not vote for. Variable Label: Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q50 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better to find lawful solutions to problems even if it takes longer. B: It is sometimes better to ignore the law and solve problems immediately using other means Variable Label: Lawful solutions vs. immediate solutions to problems Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q51 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The use of violence is never justified in Botswana politics. B: In this country, it is sometimes necessary to use violence in support of a just cause. Variable Label: Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q52A Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Our constitution expresses the values and aspirations of the Botswana people. Variable Label: Constitution expresses values and hopes Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion.


Question Number: Q52B Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by. Variable Label: Courts make binding decisions Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q52C Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right to make people obey the law. Variable Label: People must obey the law Values: 1-5, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither Agree Nor Disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know, 98=Refused to Answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q52D Question: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax department (e.g. IRS) always has the right to make people pay taxes. Variable Label: People must pay taxes Values: 1-5, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Neither Agree Nor Disagree, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know, 98=Refused to Answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q53A Question: In this country, how often: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? Variable Label: Careful about what you say Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t Know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q53B Question: In this country, how often: Does competition between political parties lead to conflict? Variable Label: Party competition leads to conflict Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t Know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Question Number: Q53C Question: In this country, how often: Does the President ignore the constitution? Variable Label: Presidents ignore the Constitution Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t Know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Question Number: Q53D Question: In this country, how often: Are people treated unequally under the law? Variable Label: People are treated unequally Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t Know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2


Question Number: Q54A Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to say what you think? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Free to say what you think Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54B Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to join any political organization you want? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Free to join any organization Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54C Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom from being arrested when you are innocent? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Fear of unjust arrest Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54D Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to choose who to vote for without feeling pressured? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Voting freedom Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54E Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The ability of ordinary people to influence what government does? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Ability to influence government Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54F Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Safety from crime and violence? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Safety from crime and violence Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB


Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q54G Question: Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Equal and fair treatment for all people by government? Variable Label: Present vs. past: Equal treatment for all Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q55A Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President? Variable Label: Trust the President Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q55B Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Parliament? Variable Label: Trust Parliament Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q55C Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Independent Electoral Commission? Variable Label: Trust the Electoral Commission Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 **Question Number: Q55D Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Elected Local Government Council? Variable Label: Trust your local council Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q55E Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ruling Party? Variable Label: Trust the ruling party Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96


Question Number: Q55F Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Opposition Political Parties? Variable Label: Trust opposition political parties Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q55G Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Army? Variable Label: Trust the military Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Ghana99 Question Number: Q55H Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Police? Variable Label: Trust the police Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia 96 Question Number: Q55I Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts of Law? Variable Label: Trust courts of law Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia 96 Question Number: Q55J Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Government broadcasting service (RB 1, RB2, BTv)? Variable Label: Trust government broadcasting service Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q55K Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Independent broadcasting services (Gabz FM, Yarona, GBC)? Variable Label: Trust independent broadcasting services Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia 96 Question Number: Q55L Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Government newspapers (Daily News)?


Variable Label: Trust government newspapers Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia 96 Question Number: Q55M Question: How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Independent newspapers (Mmegi, Guardian, Gazzette, etc.)? Variable Label: Trust independent newspapers Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=Somewhat, 3=A lot, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from SAB Question Number: Q56A Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President and Officials in his Office? Variable Label: Corruption: Office of the Presidency Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56B Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Members of Parliament? Variable Label: Corruption: Members of Parliament Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56C Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Elected Local Government Councillors? Variable Label: Corruption: Local government councillors Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56D Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: National government officials? Variable Label: Corruption: National government officials Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56E Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Local government officials? Variable Label: Corruption: Local government officials Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Source: SAB Question Number: Q56F Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Police? Variable Label: Corruption: Police Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56G Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Tax Officials (e.g. BURS officials) Variable Label: Corruption: Tax Officials Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56H Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Judges and Magistrates? Variable Label: Corruption: Judges and Magistrates Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56I Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Health workers? Variable Label: Corruption: Health Workers Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q56J Question: How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Teachers and school administrators? Variable Label: Corruption: Teachers and school administrators Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some of them, 2=Most of them, 3=All of them, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from SAB Question Number: Q57A Question: In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in order to: Get a document or a permit? Variable Label: Pay bribe for: Document or permit Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or Twice, 2=A Few Times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t Know, 98=Refused to Answer, -1=Missing Data Source: NDB


Question Number: Q57B Question: In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in order to: Get a child into school? Variable Label: Pay bribe for: School placement Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q57C Question: In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in order to: Get a household service (like piped water, electricity, or phone)? Variable Label: Pay bribe for: Household service Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q57D Question: In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in order to: Get medicine or medical attention? Variable Label: Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q57E Question: In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in order to: Avoid a problem with the police (like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest)? Variable Label: Pay bribe for: Avoid problem with police Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q57F Question: And during the 2004 election, how often (if ever) did a candidate or someone from a political party offer you something, like food or a gift, in return for your vote? Variable Label: Election incentives offered Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with this in the past year, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Question Number: Q58A Question: For each of the following please indicate whether you think the act is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable. A government official gives a job to someone from his family who does not have adequate qualifications Variable Label: Right or wrong: Job for relative Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not wrong at all, 2=Wrong but understandable, 3=Wrong and punishable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q58B Question: For each of the following please indicate whether you think the act is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable. A government official demands a favour or an additional payment for some service that is part of his job


Variable Label: Right or wrong: Favor for service Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not wrong at all, 2=Wrong but understandable, 3=Wrong and punishable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q58C Question: For each of the following please indicate whether you think the act is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable. A public official decides to locate a development project in an area where his friends and supporters lived Variable Label: Right or wrong: Development for supporters Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not wrong at all, 2=Wrong but understandable, 3=Wrong and punishable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q59 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Our elected officials should listen to constituents’ views and do what they demand. B: Our elected leaders should follow their own ideas in deciding what is best for the country. Variable Label: Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q60 Question: How much time should your Member of Parliament spend in this constituency to visit the community and its citizens? Variable Label: Time MP should spend Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never/It is not necessary, 1=At least once a year, 2=At least once a month, 3=At least weekly, 4=Should stay here all the time, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q61 Question: How much time does your Member of Parliament spend in this constituency? Variable Label: Time MP does spend Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=At least once a year, 2=At least once a month, 3=At least weekly, 4=She/ He is here almost all the time, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q62A Question: How much of the time do think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say?: Members of Parliament Variable Label: MPs listen Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q62B Question: How much of the time do think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say?: Elected Local Government Councillors Variable Label: Local government councillors listen Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q63PT1 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address?


Variable Label: Most important problems – 1st response Values: 0-31, 140-142, 995, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/No problems, 1=Management of the economy,2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /Credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19= Services/other, 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/Disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 140=Problem of illegal immigrants, 141=Teenage pregnancy, 142=Youth empowerment, 995=Other, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don't know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Question Number: Q63PT2 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Most important problems – 2nd response Values: 0-31, 140-142, 995, 996, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/No problems, 1=Management of the economy,2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /Credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19= Services/other, 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/Disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 140=Problem of illegal immigrants, 141=Teenage pregnancy, 142=Youth empowerment, 995=Other, 996=No further reply, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don't know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Question Number: Q63PT3 Question: In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? Variable Label: Most important problems – 3rd response Values: 0-31, 140-142, 995, 996, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nothing/No problems, 1=Management of the economy,2=Wages, income and salaries, 3=Unemployment, 4=Poverty/destitution, 5=Rates and taxes, 6=Loans /Credit , 7=Farming/agriculture, 8=Food shortage/famine, 9=Drought, 10=Land, 11=Transportation, 12=Communications, 13=Infrastructure/roads, 14=Education, 15=Housing, 16=Electricity, 17=Water supply, 18=Orphans/street children/homeless children, 19= Services/other, 20=Health, 21=AIDS, 22=Sickness/Disease, 23=Crime and security, 24=Corruption, 25=Political violence, 26=Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions, 27=Discrimination/inequality, 28=Gender issues/women's rights, 29=Democracy/political rights, 30=War(international), 31=Civil War, 140=Problem of illegal immigrants, 141=Teenage pregnancy, 142=Youth empowerment, 995=Other, 996=No further reply, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don't know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Respondent could give up to three responses. Question Number: Q64 Question: Taking the Problem you mentioned first, how likely is it that the government will solve your most important problem within the next few years? Variable Label: Government solve MIP Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0= Not at all likely, 1=Not very likely, 2=Likely, 3=Very likely, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion.


Question Number: Q65A Question: Now let’s speak about the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Managing the economy? Variable Label: Handling managing the economy Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65B Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Creating jobs? Variable Label: Handling creating jobs Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65C Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Keeping prices stable? Variable Label: Handling keeping prices stable Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65D Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor? Variable Label: Handling narrowing income gaps Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65E Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Reducing crime? Variable Label: Handling reducing crime Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65F Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Improving basic health services? Variable Label: Handling improving basic health services Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65G Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Addressing educational needs? Variable Label: Handling addressing educational needs Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65H Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Delivering household water? Variable Label: Handling delivering household water Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65I Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat? Variable Label: Handling ensuring enough to eat Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65J Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Fighting corruption in government? Variable Label: Handling fighting corruption Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q65K Question: How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Combating HIV/AIDS? Variable Label: Handling combating HIV/AIDS Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q66 Question: Which of these statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The government should devote many more resources to combating AIDS, even if this means that less money is spent on things like education.


B: There are many other problems facing this country beside AIDS; even if people are dying in large numbers, the government needs to keep its focus on solving other problems. Variable Label: Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Values: 1-5, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking “Do you agree or agree very strongly?” Question Number: Q67A Question: What about local government? How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Maintaining our roads. Variable Label: Local government handling maintaining roads Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q67B Question: What about local government? How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Keeping our community clean. Variable Label: Local government handling keeping community clean Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q67C Question: What about local government? How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Collecting Local Taxes. Variable Label: Local government handling collecting local taxes Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q67D Question: What about local government? How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Deciding how to spend local revenues. Variable Label: Local government handling spending decisions Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very badly, 2=Fairly badly, 3=Fairly well, 4=Very well, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q68A Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: President Mogae? Variable Label: Performance: President Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q68B Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Members of Parliament?


Variable Label: Performance: Member of Parliament Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q68C Question: Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Elected Government Councillor? Variable Label: Performance: Local government councillor Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Approve, 4=Strongly approve, 9=Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q69A Question: Can you tell me whether the Botswana government has a policy to provide: Free primary education, that is, parents do not have to pay school fees? Variable Label: Policy knowledge: Free primary education. Values: 1, 2, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Incorrect answer, 2=Correct Answer, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q69B Question: Can you tell me whether the Botswana government has a policy to provide: Free health care at public clinics, that is, no fees for visits or medicine? Variable Label: Policy knowledge: Free health care Values: 1, 2, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Incorrect answer, 2=Correct Answer, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q70A Question: How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a top government official committed a serious crime? Variable Label: Enforce the law: Top official commits serious crime Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not at all likely, 2=Not very likely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q70B Question: How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like you committed a serious crime? Variable Label: Enforce the law: You commit serious crime Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not at all likely, 2=Not very likely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 1 Question Number: Q70C Question: How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a top official did not pay a tax on some of the income they earned? Variable Label: Enforce the law: Top official doesn’t pay tax Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not at all likely, 2=Not very likely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Source: Question Number: Q70D Question: How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like you did not pay a tax on some of the income you earned? Variable Label: Enforce the law: You don’t pay tax Values: 1-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not at all likely, 2=Not very likely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q71A Question: Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? An identity document (such as a birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter card). Variable Label: Difficulty to obtain identity document Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Afrobarometer Round 1 Question Number: Q71B Question: Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Household services (like piped water, electricity or telephone). Variable Label: Difficulty to obtain household services Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Adapted from SAB Question Number: Q71C Question: Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Help from the police when you need it. Variable Label: Difficulty to obtain help from the police Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q71D Question: Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A place in primary school for a child. Variable Label: Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q71E Question: Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Medical treatment at a nearby clinic. Variable Label: Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Values: 1-4, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Very difficult, 2=Difficult, 3=Easy, 4=Very easy, 7=Never try, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB


Question Number: Q72A Question: Why do you never try to get? An identity document. Variable Label: Why not try to get: Identity document Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=I don’t need it/use it, 2=I don’t know how, 3=Govt. does not provide it, 4=No personal connections in right places, 5=Some other response, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q72B Question: Why do you never try to get? Household services. Variable Label: Why not try to get: Household services. Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=I don’t need it/use it, 2=I don’t know how, 3=Govt. does not provide it, 4=No personal connections in right places, 5=Some other response, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q72C Question: Why do you never try to get? Help from the police when you need it. Variable Label: Why not try to get: Help from the police Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=I don’t need it/use it, 2=I don’t know how, 3=Govt. does not provide it, 4=No personal connections in right places, 5=Some other response, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q73A Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Services are too expensive / Unable to pay Variable Label: Problems with schools: Too expensive Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q73B Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Lack of textbooks or other supplies Variable Label: Problems with schools: Textbooks and supplies Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q73C Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Poor teaching. Variable Label: Problems with schools: Poor teaching Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q73D Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Absent teachers. Variable Label: Problems with schools: Absent teachers Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Question Number: Q73E Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Overcrowded classrooms. Variable Label: Problems with schools: Overcrowded classrooms Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q73F Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Poor conditions of facilities Variable Label: Problems with schools: Poor facilities Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q73G Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months? Demands for illegal payments Variable Label: Problems with schools: Illegal payments Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with public schools in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74A Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Services are too expensive / Unable to pay Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Too expensive Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74B Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Lack of medicines or other supplies Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Lack of medicines/supplies Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74C Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Lack of attention or respect from staff. Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Lack of attention/respect Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74D Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Absent doctors. Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Absent doctors Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Question Number: Q74E Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Long waiting time. Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Long waiting time Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74F Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Dirty facilities. Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Dirty facilities Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q74G Question: Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months? Demands for illegal payments Variable Label: Problems with public clinic: Illegal payments Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Once or twice, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 7=No experience with clinics in the past twelve months, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q75A Question: What, if anything, would you do to try and resolve each of the following situations? You were waiting for a government permit or license, but kept encountering delays? Variable Label: What do: Waiting for permit Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Don’t worry, things will be resolved given enough time, 2= Lodge complaint through proper channels or procedures, 3= Use connections with influential people, 4= Offer tip or bribe, 5= Join in public protest, 6=Other, 7=Nothing, because nothing can be done, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q75B Question: What, if anything, would you do to try and resolve each of the following situations? Election officials left your name off the voters roll. Variable Label: What do: Name missing Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Don’t worry, things will be resolved given enough time, 2= Lodge complaint through proper channels or procedures, 3= Use connections with influential people, 4= Offer tip or bribe, 5= Join in public protest, 6=Other, 7=Nothing, because nothing can be done, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q75C Question: What, if anything, would you do to try and resolve each of the following situations? You suspected a school or clinic official of stealing. Variable Label: What do: Suspect school official Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Don’t worry, things will be resolved given enough time, 2= Lodge complaint through proper channels or procedures, 3= Use connections with influential people, 4= Offer tip or bribe, 5= Join in public protest, 6=Other, 7=Nothing, because nothing can be done, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q75D Question: What, if anything, would you do to try and resolve each of the following situations? The police wrongly arrested someone in your family. Variable Label: What do: Wrongful arrest Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1


Value Labels: 1= Don’t worry, things will be resolved given enough time, 2= Lodge complaint through proper channels or procedures, 3= Use connections with influential people, 4= Offer tip or bribe, 5= Join in public protest, 6=Other, 7=Nothing, because nothing can be done, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q75E Question: What, if anything, would you do to try and resolve each of the following situations? Someone wrongly seized your family’s land Variable Label: What do: Land seized Values: 1-7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Don’t worry, things will be resolved given enough time, 2= Lodge complaint through proper channels or procedures, 3= Use connections with influential people, 4= Offer tip or bribe, 5= Join in public protest, 6=Other, 7=Nothing, because nothing can be done, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Botswana Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q76A Question: Who should be responsible for making sure that, once elected, members of Parliament do their jobs? Variable Label: Who responsible: MPs do jobs Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0= The President/Executive, 1= The Parliament, 2= Their political party, 3= The voters, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q76B Question: Who should be responsible for making sure that, once elected, local government councilors do their jobs? Variable Label: Who responsible: Local councillors do jobs Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0= The President/Executive, 1= The Parliament, 2= Their political party, 3= The voters, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q77A Question: Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections ensure that the members of Parliament reflect the views of voters? Variable Label: Elections ensure parliament reflects voters Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0= Not at all well, 1= Not very well, 2= Well, 3= Very well, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q77B Question: Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections enable voters to remove from office leaders who do not do what the people want? Variable Label: Elections enable voters to remove leaders Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0= Not at all well, 1= Not very well, 2= Well, 3= Very well, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q78A Question: In your opinion, how often do politicians do each of the following: Make promises simply to get elected? Variable Label: Politicians: Make promises to get elected Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q78B Question: In your opinion, how often do politicians do each of the following: Offer gifts to voters during election campaigns? Variable Label: Politicians: Give gifts in campaigns Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer,


-1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q78C Question: In your opinion, how often do politicians do each of the following: Keep their campaign promises after elections? Variable Label: Politicians: Keep campaign promises Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q78D Question: In your opinion, how often do politicians do each of the following: Do their best to deliver development after elections? Variable Label: Politicians: Deliver development Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Often, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q79 Question: What is your tribe? You know, your ethnic or cultural group. Variable Label: Tribe or ethnic group Values: 140-160, 990, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 140=Mokgatla, 141=Mokwena, 142=Mongwato, 143=Mongwaketse, 144=Motlokwa, 145=Moherero, 146=Morolong, 147=Mosarwa, 148=Mokalanga, 149=Molete, 150=Mmirwa, 151=Motswapong, 152=Mosobea, 153=Motawana, 154=Mokgalagadi, 155=Moyei, 156=Mohurutshe, 157=Mombukushu, 158=Monajwa, 159=Mokhurutshe, 160=Motalaote, 990=Motswana only (“doesn’t think of self in those terms”), 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don't know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer entered respondent’s exact response. If respondent answered “Don’t know,” said s/he does not belong to any group, or refused to answer, questions 80, 81, and 82 were marked as “Not Applicable” and the interview continued with question 83. Question Number: Q80A Question: Think about the condition of ____________ [respondent’s identity group] Are their economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? Variable Label: Ethnic group’s economic conditions Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much better, 2=Better, 3=Same, 4=Worse, 5=Much worse, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. If respondent had not identified a group on question 79, this question was marked as “Not Applicable.” Question Number: Q80B Question: Think about the condition of ____________ [respondent’s identity group] Do they have less, the same, or more influence in politics than other groups in this country? Variable Label: Ethnic group’s political influence Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Much better, 2=Better, 3=Same, 4=Worse, 5=Much worse, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. If respondent had not identified a group on question 79, this question was marked as “Not Applicable.”


Question Number: Q81 Question: How often are ___________s [respondent’s identity group] treated unfairly by the government? Variable Label: Ethnic group treated unfairly Values: 0-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Sometimes, 2=Often, 3=Always, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing ata Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. If respondent had not identified a group on question 79, this question was marked as “Not Applicable.” Question Number: Q82 Question: Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Motswana and being a ________ [respondent’s identity group]. Which of these two groups do you feel most strongly attached to? Variable Label: Ethnic or national identity Values: 1-5, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=I feel only (r’s group), 2=I feel more (r’s group) than Motswana, 3=I feel equally Motswana as (r’s groups), 4=I feel more Motswana than (r’s groups), 5=I feel only Motswana, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 98=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion. If respondent had not identified a group on question 79, this question was marked as “Not Applicable.” Question Number: Q83 Question: Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you must be very careful in dealing with people? Variable Label: Most people can be trusted Values: 0, 1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=You must be very careful, 1=Most people can be trusted, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q84A Question: How much do you trust each of the following types of people? Your relatives. Variable Label: Trust relatives Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=I trust them somewhat, 3=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q84B Question: How much do you trust each of the following types of people? Your neighbors. Variable Label: Trust neighbors Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=I trust them somewhat, 3=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q84C Question: How much do you trust each of the following types of people? People from your own ethnic group. Variable Label: Trust people from your own ethnic group Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=I trust them somewhat, 3=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q84D Question: How much do you trust each of the following types of people? Botswana from other ethnic groups. Variable Label: Trust people from other ethnic group. Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Not at all, 1=Just a little, 2=I trust them somewhat, 3=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data


Question Number: Q85 Question: Do you feel close to any particular political party? Variable Label: Close to political party Values: 0, 1, 8, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, not close to any party, 1=Yes, 8=Refused to answer, 9=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q86 Question: Which party is that? Variable Label: Which party Values: 140-150, 995, 997, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 140=Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM), 141=Botswana Congress Party (BCP), 142=Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), 143=Botswana National Front (BNF), 144=Botswana Independence Party (BIP), 145=MELS, 146=New Democratic Front (UDF), 147=United Socialist Party (USP), 148=Botswana Peoples Party (BPP), 149=Social Democratic Party (SDP), 995=Other, 997=Not applicable, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q87 Question: Do you feel very close to this party, somewhat close, or not very close? Variable Label: How close to this political party Values: 1-3, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not very close, 2=Somewhat close, 3=Very close, 7=Not applicable, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Zambia96 Note: If respondent answered 87A=“No,” “Don’t Know,” or “Refused to answer,” interviewer marked 8=“Not Applicable” Question Number: Q88-BOT Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A. The automatic succession of the Vice President to the Presidency should be changed to allow for an election of a successor. B. The current practice where the Vice President automatically succeeds the President must be retained. Variable Label: Elect successors vs. VP automatically succeeds President Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know Source: Botswana Afrobarometer Round 3 Note: Question Number: Q89-BOT Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A. The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. B. In order for our economy to get better in the future, it is necessary or us to accept some hardships now. Variable Label: Direct election of President vs. retain selection by Parliament Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with A, 2=Agree with A, 3=Agree with B, 4=Agree very strongly with B, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don’t know Source: Botswana Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q90 Question: What is the highest level of education you have completed? Variable Label: Education of respondent Values: 0-9, 99, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No formal schooling, 1=Informal schooling only, 2=Some primary schooling, 3=Primary school completed, 4=Some secondary school/ High school, 5=Secondary school completed/High school, 6=Post-secondary


qualifications, not university e.g. a diploma or degree from a technical/polytechnic/college, 7=Some university, 8=University completed, 9=Post-graduate, 99=Don’t Know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q91 Question: What is your religion, if any? Variable Label: Religion of respondent Values: 0, 2-14, 995,998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 2=Catholic, 3=Protestant (Mainstream), 4=Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal), 5=African Independent Church, 6=Traditional religion, 7=Hindu, 8=Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God), 9=Atheist (Do not believe in a God), 10=Christian (General), 11=Muslim, Sunni, 12=Muslim, Shiite, 13=Jehovah’s Witness, 14=Seventh Day Adventist/Mormon, 995=Other, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q92 Question: Excluding weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services? Variable Label: How often attend religious services Values: 1-6, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Never, 2=About once a year or less, 3=About once every several months, 4=About once a month, 5=About once a week, 6=More than once a week, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q93A Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Book, you know, a reading book. Variable Label: Own book Values: 0-1, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t Know, 98=Refused to Answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q93B Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Radio. Variable Label: Own radio Values: 0-1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q93C Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Variable Label: Own television Values: 0-1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q93D Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Bicycle. Variable Label: Own bicycle Values: 0-1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q93E Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Motorcycle. Variable Label: Own motorcycle Values: 0-1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source:


Question Number: Q93F Question: Which of these things do you personally own? Motor vehicle / car. Variable Label: Own motor vehicle or car Values: 0-1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (Don’t own), 1=Yes (Do Own), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing Data Source: Question Number: Q94 Question: Do you have a job that pays a cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? And are you presently looking for a job (even if you are presently working)? Variable Label: Employment status Values: 0-5, 9, 98, -1 Value Labels: 0=No (not looking), 1=No (looking), 2=Yes, part time (not looking), 3=Yes, part time (looking), 4=Yes, full time (not looking), 5=Yes, full time (looking), 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q95 Question: What is your main occupation? (If unemployed, retired, or disabled, what was your last main occupation?) Variable Label: Main occupation Values: 0-24, 990-993, 995, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never had a job, 1=Subsistence Farmer (produces only for home consumption), 2=Peasant Farmer (produces both for own consumption and some surplus produce for sale), 3=Commercial Farmer (produces mainly for sale), 4=Farm worker, 5=Fisherman, 6=Trader/Hawker/Vendor, 7=Miner, 8=Domestic Worker/Maid/Char/Househelp, 9=Armed Services/Police/Security Personnel, 10=Artisan/skilled manual worker - formal sector, 11= Artisan/skilled manual worker - informal sector, 12=Clerical Worker, 13= Unskilled manual in the formal sector, 14= Unskilled manual worker in the informal sector, 15= Businessperson (works in the company for others), 16= Businessperson (Owns small business of less than 10 employees), 17=Businessperson (Owns large business of more than 10 employees), 18= Professional Worker (e.g., lawyer, accountant, nurse, engineer, etc.), 19= Supervisor/Foreman, 20=Teacher, 21=Government Worker, 22=Retail worker, 23= Student, 24=Housewife/Works In the Household, 990=Unemployed, 991=Retired, 992=Disabled, 993=Anything, 995=Other, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: Question Number: Q96A Question: In the last month, how much of the time: Has your physical health reduced the amount of work you would normally do inside or outside your home? Variable Label: Physical health Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Many times, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q96B Question: In the last month, how much of the time: Have you been so worried or anxious that you have felt tired, worn out, or exhausted? Variable Label: Mental health Values: 0-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Many times, 3=Always, 9=Don’t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Question Number: Q97 Question: Do you know a close friend or relative who has died of AIDS? Variable Label: Know died of AIDS Values: 0, 1, 8, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 8=Refused to answer, 9=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: SAB


Question Number: Q98 Question: How many close friends or relatives do you know who have died of AIDS? Variable Label: How many died of AIDS Values: 0-79, 997-999, -1 Value Labels: 997=Not applicable, 998=Will not say/Refused to answer, 99=Don’t know, -1=Missing Data Source: SAB Question Number: Q99 Question: If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? Variable Label: Vote for which party Values: 140-150, 995, 997, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 140=Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM), 141=Botswana Congress Party (BCP), 142=Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), 143=Botswana National Front (BNF), 144=Botswana Independence Party (BIP), 145=MELS, 146=New Democratic Front (UDF), 147=United Socialist Party (USP), 148=Botswana Peoples Party (BPP), 149=Social Democratic Party (SDP), 150=Kgarametsa One Time, 995=Other, 997=Would not vote, 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don’t know, -1=Missing data Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q100 Question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? Variable Label: Perceived survey sponsor Values: 0-24, 995, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 0=No one, 1=Government (general), 2=Government (Federal/national), 3=Government (Regional/provincial), 4=Government (Local), 5=President or Prime Minister's Office, 6=Parliament, 7=Government Census/ Statistics Office, 8=National Intelligence/ Secret Service, 9=Education or Social Affairs Department/ Ministry, 10=Tax or Finance Department/ Ministry, 11=Health Department/ Ministry, 12=Other Government department/ Ministry, 13=Constitutional Commission, 14=Electoral Commission, 15=National Planning Commission, 16=Public Utility Company, 17=NGO, 18=Political party/politicians, 19=Research company/ organization/ programme (including the Afrobarometer National Partner), 20=Newspapers/media, 21=University/ school/ college, 22=Private Company, 23=International Organization, 24=God or a Religious organization, 995=Other, 998=Refused to Answer, 999=Don't know, -1=Missing Data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer entered verbatim response Question Number: Endtime Question: Time interview ended Variable Label: Time interview ended Value Labels: NA Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered hour and minute, 24 hour clock Question Number: Length Question: Length of interview Variable Label: Length of interview Value Labels: NA Note: Answered by interviewer. Entered hour and minute Question Number: Q101 Question: Respondent’s gender Variable Label: Gender of respondent Values: 1, 2, -1 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q102 Question: Respondent’s race


Variable Label: Race of respondent Values: 1-6, 95 Value Labels: 1=Black/African, 2=White/European, 3=Coloured/Mixed race, 4=Arab/Lebanese/North Africa, 5=South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.), 6=East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.), Other=95. Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q103 Question: Which languages was the interview conducted in? Variable Label: Language of interview Values: 1, 140-149, 995, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 140=Setswana, 141=Sesarwa, 142=Sekgaladi, 143=Sesobea, 144=Sekalanga, 145=Seherero, 146=Sembukushu, 147=Sebirwa, 148=Sengologa, 149=Seyei, 995=Other, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q104 Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? Variable Label: Others present Values: 1-5, -1 Value Labels: 1=No one, 2=Spouse, 3=Children only, 4=A few others, 5=Small crowd, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q105A Question: Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? Variable Label: Check with others Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q105B Question: Do you think that anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? Variable Label: Influence by others Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: SAB99 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q105C Question: Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? Variable Label: Approached by community/ party representatives Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q105D Question: Did you feel threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Feel threatened Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer


Question Number: Q105E Question: Were you physically threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Physically threatened Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q106 Question: What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? Variable Label: Proportion difficulty answering Values: 0-4, -1 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Few, 2=Some, 3=Most, 4=All, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q107A Question: Which questions did the respondent have trouble answering? Variable Label: Trouble answering- first response Values: 0-100, -1 Value Labels: 0-100, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q107B Question: Which questions did the respondent have trouble answering? Variable Label: Trouble answering- second response Values: 0-100, -1 Value Labels: 0-100, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q107C Question: Which questions did the respondent have trouble answering? Variable Label: Trouble answering- third response Values: 0-100, -1 Value Labels: 0-100, -1=Missing data Source: Nigeria00 Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q108A Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: friendly, in between, or hostile? Variable Label: Respondent friendly Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Friendly, 2=In between, 3=Hostile, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q108B Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: interested, in between, or bored? Variable Label: Respondent interested Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Interested, 2=In between, 3=Bored, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer


Question Number: Q108C Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: cooperative, in between, or uncooperative? Variable Label: Respondent cooperative Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Cooperative, 2=In between, 3=Uncooperative, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q108D Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: patient, in between, or impatient? Variable Label: Respondent patient Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Patient, 2=In between, 3=Impatient, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q108E Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: at ease, in between, or suspicious? Variable Label: Respondent at ease Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=At ease, 2=In between, 3=Suspicious, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q108F Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: honest, in between, or misleading? Variable Label: Respondent honest Values: 1-3, -1 Value Labels: 1=Honest, 2=In between, 3=Misleading, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q110 Question: Interviewer’s number Variable Label: Interviewer’s number Values: BOT01-BOT24 Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q111 Question: Interviewer’s age Variable Label: Interviewer’s age Values: 23-29, -1 Value Labels: -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q112 Question: Interviewer’s gender Variable Label: Interviewer’s gender Values: 1, 2, -1 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female, -1=Missing data Source: SAB


Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q113 Question: Do you come from a rural or urban area? Variable Label: Interviewer urban or rural Values: 1, 2, -1 Value Labels: 1=Rural, 2=Urban, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q114 Question: Interviewer’s home language Variable Label: Interviewer’s home language Values: 1, 140-149, 995, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 140=Setswana, 141=Sesarwa, 142=Sekgaladi, 143=Sesobea, 144=Sekalanga, 145=Seherero, 146=Sembukushu, 147=Sebirwa, 148=Sengologa, 149=Seyei, 995=Other, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q115 Question: Interviewer’s highest level of education Variable Label: Interviewer’s education Values: 3-9, -1 Value Labels: 3=Primary school completed, 4=Some high school, 5=High school completed, 6=Post secondary qualifications (not university), 7=Some university, college, 8=University, college completed, 9=Post graduate, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: Q116A Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Post-office? Variable Label: Post-office in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116B Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: School? Variable Label: School in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116C Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Police station? Variable Label: Police station in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116D Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Electricity grid that most houses could access? Variable Label: Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1


Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116E Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Piped water system that most houses could access? Variable Label: Piped water system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116F Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Sewage system that most houses could access? Variable Label: Sewage system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116G Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Health clinic? Variable Label: Health clinic in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116H Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Recreational facilities, e.g., a sports field? Variable Label: Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116I Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Any churches, mosques, temples or other places of worship? Variable Label: Places of worship in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q116J Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Any town halls or community buildings that can be used for meetings? Variable Label: Community buildings in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor


Question Number: Q116K Question: Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Market stalls (selling groceries and/or clothing)? Variable Label: Market stalls in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q117A Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? Variable Label: Police in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q117B Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? Variable Label: Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can’t determine, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: Q118 Question: Thinking of your journey here: Was the road at the start point in the PSU/EA paved/ tarred/ concrete? Variable Label: Tarred/Paved road Values: 0, 1, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing data Source: SAB Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor

Codebook for ICPSR 22021

Afrobarometer: Round 3 Survey of Botswana, 2005

Dataset 1:

CASE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERCASEID

1-4 (width: 4; decimal: 0)Location:numeric (ISO)Variable Type:discreteInterval:

StdevMedianMeanMaxMinInvalidValid

346.55-600.501200.001.0001200

Respondent numberRESPNO

5-11 (width: 7; decimal: 0)Location:character (ISO)Variable Type:discreteInterval:


N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A01200

Household back-checked?BACKCHK


Valid %%FrequencyLabelValue

13.2%13.2 %159Yes1

86.8%86.8 %1041No2


0.342.001.872.001.0001200

Urban or Rural Primary Sampling UnitURBRUR



43.3%43.3 %520Urban1

56.7%56.7 %680Rural2


0.502.001.572.001.0001200

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Province or regionREGION



30.7%30.7 %368Central140

1.3%1.3 %16Chobe141

4.7%4.7 %56Francis Town142

11.3%11.3 %136Gaborone143

2.0%2.0 %24Ghanzi144

0.7%0.7 %8Jwaneng145

2.7%2.7 %32Kgalagadi146

4.7%4.7 %56Kgatleng147

14.0%14.0 %168Kweneng148

2.0%2.0 %24Lobatse149

2.7%2.7 %32North east150

7.3%7.3 %88Ngamiland151

-0.0 %0Orapa152

2.7%2.7 %32Selibe Phikwe153

3.3%3.3 %40South East154

10.0%10.0 %120Southern155


5.27144.50145.73155.00140.0001200

DistrictDISTRICT


Valid %%FrequencyValue

30.7%30.7 %368CENTRAL

1.3%1.3 %16CHOBE

4.7%4.7 %56FRANCISTOWN

11.3%11.3 %136GABORONE

2.0%2.0 %24GHANZI

0.7%0.7 %8JWANENG

2.7%2.7 %32KGALAGADI

4.7%4.7 %56KGATLENG

14.0%14.0 %168KWENENG

2.0%2.0 %24LOBATSE

7.3%7.3 %88NGAMILAND

2.7%2.7 %32NORTH EAST

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2.7%2.7 %32SELIBE PHIKWE

3.3%3.3 %40SOUTH EAST

10.0%10.0 %120SOUTHERN



Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1HHOLDSE1



2.3%2.3 %28Refused to be interviewed1

0.5%0.5 %6Person selected was never at home2

5.1%5.1 %61Household/Premises empty for the survey period3

2.0%2.0 %24Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language4

0.3%0.3 %4Deaf/Did not speak a survey language5

4.6%4.6 %55Did not fit gender quota6

1.8%1.8 %21No adults in household7

0.2%0.2 %2Other8

83.2%83.2 %999Not Applicable997


370.91997.00830.70997.001.0001200











0.1%0.1 %1Other8



229.67997.00940.73997.001.0001200

- 3 -

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-0.0 %0Deaf/Did not speak a survey language5


-0.0 %0No adults in household7

-0.0 %0Other8



139.17997.00977.13997.001.0001200











-0.0 %0Other8



102.85997.00986.24997.001.0001200





- 4 -

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-0.0 %0Person selected was never at home2

-0.0 %0Household/Premises empty for the survey period3



-0.0 %0Did not fit gender quota6


-0.0 %0Other8



70.14997.00992.03997.001.0001200




-0.0 %0Refused to be interviewed1



-0.0 %0Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language4




-0.0 %0Other8



28.69997.00996.17997.003.0001200




-0.0 %0Refused to be interviewed1


-0.0 %0Household/Premises empty for the survey period3

-0.0 %0Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language4



- 5 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Other8

100.0%100.0 %1200Not Applicable997


0.00997.00997.00997.00997.0001200

Previous interview, genderPREVINT



8.2%8.2 %98First interview0

44.5%44.5 %534Male1

47.3%47.3 %568Female2


0.631.001.392.000.0001200

This interview, genderCURRINT



50.1%50.1 %601Male1

49.9%49.9 %599Female2


0.501.001.502.001.0001200

Number of callsCALLS



99.2%99.2 %119011

0.8%0.8 %1022


0.091.001.012.001.0001200

Q1. AgeQ1

- 6 -

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-0.0 %0Missing-1

2.3%2.3 %28-18

3.3%3.3 %40-19

3.9%3.9 %47-20

3.4%3.4 %41-21

3.2%3.2 %39-22

3.7%3.7 %44-23

4.1%4.1 %49-24

3.8%3.8 %46-25

3.1%3.1 %37-26

3.1%3.1 %37-27

2.4%2.4 %29-28

3.8%3.8 %46-29

3.2%3.2 %38-30

2.5%2.5 %30-31

2.6%2.6 %31-32

2.0%2.0 %24-33

2.4%2.4 %29-34

3.5%3.5 %42-35

1.4%1.4 %17-36

1.4%1.4 %17-37

2.0%2.0 %24-38

1.8%1.8 %21-39

2.2%2.2 %27-40

1.5%1.5 %18-41

1.9%1.9 %23-42

1.3%1.3 %16-43

0.9%0.9 %11-44

2.2%2.2 %26-45

1.2%1.2 %15-46

1.5%1.5 %18-47

1.1%1.1 %13-48

1.4%1.4 %17-49

0.9%0.9 %11-50

1.1%1.1 %13-51

1.2%1.2 %14-52

1.2%1.2 %14-53

0.8%0.8 %9-54

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1.0%1.0 %12-55

0.9%0.9 %11-56

0.8%0.8 %9-57

0.7%0.7 %8-58

1.0%1.0 %12-59

0.5%0.5 %6-60

0.2%0.2 %2-61

0.3%0.3 %4-62

0.7%0.7 %8-63

0.7%0.7 %8-64

1.0%1.0 %12-65

0.2%0.2 %3-66

0.2%0.2 %3-67

0.6%0.6 %7-68

0.5%0.5 %6-69

0.2%0.2 %3-70

0.6%0.6 %7-71

0.7%0.7 %8-72

0.8%0.8 %9-73

0.5%0.5 %6-74

0.4%0.4 %5-75

0.2%0.2 %3-76

0.2%0.2 %2-77

0.2%0.2 %3-78

0.2%0.2 %2-79

0.3%0.3 %4-80

0.2%0.2 %3-81

0.1%0.1 %1-82

0.1%0.1 %1-83

0.2%0.2 %3-84

0.1%0.1 %1-85

0.2%0.2 %2-87

0.1%0.1 %1-88

0.2%0.2 %3-89

0.1%0.1 %1-90

0.2%0.2 %2-91

0.1%0.1 %1-92

0.2%0.2 %2-94

0.1%0.1 %1-98

0.1%0.1 %1-99

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 8 -

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1.1%1.1 %13Don't know999


100.9033.0047.98999.0018.0001200

Q2. Head of householdQ2



-0.0 %0Missing-1

56.8%56.8 %681No0

43.2%43.2 %519Yes1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.500.000.431.000.0001200

Q3. Language of respondentQ3



-0.0 %0Missing-1

0.1%0.1 %1English1

79.1%79.1 %949Setswana140

1.6%1.6 %19Sesarwa141

3.7%3.7 %44Sekgaladi142

0.6%0.6 %7Sesobea143

9.1%9.1 %109Sekalanga144

0.8%0.8 %9Seherero145

1.8%1.8 %21Sembukushu146

2.2%2.2 %26Sebirwa147

0.5%0.5 %6Sengologa148

0.8%0.8 %9Seyei149

-0.0 %0Other995

-0.0 %0Refused998

-0.0 %0Don't know999


4.47140.00140.76149.001.0001200

- 9 -

- Study 22021 -

Q4a. Country's present economic conditionQ4A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.3%14.3 %172Very Bad1

28.4%28.4 %341Fairly bad2

20.2%20.2 %243Neither good nor bad3

27.9%27.9 %335Fairly good4

5.2%5.2 %62Very good5

3.9%3.9 %47Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.663.003.059.001.0001200

Q4b. Your present living conditionsQ4B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

24.4%24.4 %293Very Bad1

36.8%36.8 %441Fairly bad2

18.8%18.8 %225Neither good nor bad3

18.3%18.3 %220Fairly good4

1.6%1.6 %19Very good5

0.2%0.2 %2Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.122.002.379.001.0001200

Q5. Your living conditions vs. othersQ5



-0.0 %0Missing-1

15.1%15.1 %181Much Worse1

32.5%32.5 %390Worse2

- 10 -

- Study 22021 -


30.3%30.3 %364Same3

17.8%17.8 %214Better4

1.9%1.9 %23Much Better5

2.3%2.3 %28Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.403.002.739.001.0001200

Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months agoQ6A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

6.4%6.4 %77Much Worse1

20.3%20.3 %244Worse2

39.8%39.8 %478Same3

26.0%26.0 %312Better4


4.0%4.0 %48Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.503.003.249.001.0001200

Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months agoQ6B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.5%9.5 %114Much Worse1

21.8%21.8 %262Worse2

40.2%40.2 %483Same3

23.9%23.9 %287Better4


0.8%0.8 %10Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.133.002.959.001.0001200

- 11 -

- Study 22021 -

Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 monthsQ7A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.2%9.2 %110Much Worse1

15.5%15.5 %186Worse2

16.4%16.4 %197Same3

35.4%35.4 %425Better4


14.9%14.9 %179Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.334.004.089.001.0001200

Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 monthsQ7B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.8%9.8 %117Much Worse1

15.8%15.8 %190Worse2

16.8%16.8 %201Same3

34.3%34.3 %412Better4


13.8%13.8 %166Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.294.004.019.001.0001200

Q8a. How often gone without foodQ8A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

52.0%52.0 %624Never0

15.4%15.4 %185Just once or twice1

- 12 -

- Study 22021 -


19.7%19.7 %236Several times2

10.0%10.0 %120Many times3

2.5%2.5 %30Always4

0.4%0.4 %5Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.270.000.989.000.0001200

Q8b. How often gone without waterQ8B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

63.0%63.0 %756Never0



8.1%8.1 %97Many times3

2.3%2.3 %28Always4

0.4%0.4 %5Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.220.000.759.000.0001200

Q8c. How often gone without medical careQ8C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

61.8%61.8 %742Never0




1.4%1.4 %17Always4

0.9%0.9 %11Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.280.000.759.000.0001200

- 13 -

- Study 22021 -

Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuelQ8D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

56.7%56.7 %680Never0




1.7%1.7 %20Always4

0.1%0.1 %1Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.090.000.809.000.0001200

Q8e. How often gone without cash incomeQ8E



-0.0 %0Missing-1

38.8%38.8 %466Never0



10.8%10.8 %130Many times3

16.2%16.2 %194Always4

0.2%0.2 %3Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.531.001.519.000.0001200

Q8f. How often gone without school expensesQ8F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

51.6%51.6 %619Never0


- 14 -

- Study 22021 -




6.4%6.4 %77Always4

8.0%8.0 %96No children7

0.6%0.6 %7Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.130.001.479.000.0001200

Q9a. How often feared crime in homeQ9A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

64.3%64.3 %772Never0




4.0%4.0 %48Always4

0.3%0.3 %4Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.170.000.689.000.0001200

Q9b. How often something stolen from houseQ9B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

69.1%69.1 %829Never0




0.6%0.6 %7Always4

0.2%0.2 %3Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 15 -

- Study 22021 -


0.890.000.479.000.0001200

Q9c. How often physically attackedQ9C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.5%85.5 %1026Never0




0.2%0.2 %3Always4

0.2%0.2 %3Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.700.000.229.000.0001200

Q10. Free schooling vs. user feesQ10



-0.0 %0Missing-1

36.1%36.1 %433Agree very strongly with A1

21.1%21.1 %253Agree with A2

12.2%12.2 %147Agree with B3

21.2%21.2 %255Agree very strongly with B4

8.7%8.7 %104Agree with neither5

0.7%0.7 %8Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.482.002.499.001.0001200

Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costsQ11


- 16 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1


34.3%34.3 %412Agree with A2

9.0%9.0 %108Agree with B3



1.2%1.2 %14Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.392.002.079.001.0001200

Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardshipsQ12



-0.0 %0Missing-1


24.1%24.1 %289Agree with A2

38.8%38.8 %465Agree with B3



1.6%1.6 %19Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.303.002.749.001.0001200

Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt mostQ13



-0.0 %0Missing-1


16.2%16.2 %194Agree with A2

31.9%31.9 %383Agree with B3



5.1%5.1 %61Don't know9

- 17 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.733.003.179.001.0001200

Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goodsQ14A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.2%9.2 %110Much Worse1

21.4%21.4 %257Worse2

27.2%27.2 %326Same3

34.0%34.0 %408Better4


1.6%1.6 %19Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.323.003.179.001.0001200

Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunitiesQ14B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

41.3%41.3 %496Much Worse1

33.2%33.2 %398Worse2

14.8%14.8 %177Same3

9.1%9.1 %109Better4


1.0%1.0 %12Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.212.002.019.001.0001200

Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poorQ14C

146-148 (width: 3; decimal: 0)Location:numeric (ISO)Variable Type:

- 18 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:


-0.0 %0Missing-1

32.5%32.5 %390Much Worse1

30.6%30.6 %367Worse2

20.6%20.6 %247Same3

13.7%13.7 %164Better4


1.8%1.8 %22Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.402.002.319.001.0001200

Q15a. Radio newsQ15A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.0%14.0 %168Never0

2.8%2.8 %34Less than once a month1

7.1%7.1 %85A few times a month2

32.0%32.0 %384A few times a week3

44.0%44.0 %528Every day4

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.383.002.909.000.0001200

Q15b. Television newsQ15B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

44.8%44.8 %538Never0




27.0%27.0 %324Every day4

- 19 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.742.001.764.000.0001200

Q15c. Newspaper newsQ15C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

32.8%32.8 %394Never0




22.8%22.8 %273Every day4

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.602.002.019.000.0001200

Q16. Interest in public affairsQ16



-0.0 %0Missing-1

10.8%10.8 %130Not at all interested0

14.8%14.8 %177Not very interested1

29.2%29.2 %350Somewhat interested2

44.1%44.1 %529Very interested3

1.2%1.2 %14Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.252.002.169.000.0001200

Q17. Discuss politicsQ17


- 20 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:


-0.0 %0Missing-1

37.9%37.9 %455Never0

38.9%38.9 %467Occasionally1

23.0%23.0 %276Frequently2

0.2%0.2 %2Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.841.000.869.000.0001200

Q18a. Politics and government too complicatedQ18A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

31.9%31.9 %383Strongly Agree1

33.1%33.1 %397Agree2

9.0%9.0 %108Neither Agree Nor Disagree3

15.9%15.9 %191Disagree4

4.8%4.8 %58Strongly Disagree5

5.2%5.2 %63Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.922.002.609.001.0001200

Q18b. Others don't listen to youQ18B



-0.0 %0Missing-1


29.8%29.8 %358Agree2


20.8%20.8 %249Disagree4


9.9%9.9 %119Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 21 -

- Study 22021 -


2.153.003.399.001.0001200

Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. governmentQ19



-0.0 %0Missing-1


22.2%22.2 %267Agree with A2

22.7%22.7 %272Agree with B3



0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.323.002.609.001.0001200

Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authorityQ20



-0.0 %0Missing-1


36.0%36.0 %432Agree with A2

14.9%14.9 %179Agree with B3



0.5%0.5 %6Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.112.001.949.001.0001200

Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own communityQ21


- 22 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1


31.8%31.8 %382Agree with A2




0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.921.001.689.001.0001200

Q22. All vote vs. only educated voteQ22



-0.0 %0Missing-1


16.8%16.8 %201Agree with A2




0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.971.001.489.001.0001200

Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional lawsQ23



-0.0 %0Missing-1


25.1%25.1 %301Agree with A2

10.7%10.7 %128Agree with B3



0.6%0.6 %7Don't know9

- 23 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.332.002.189.001.0001200

Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leadersQ24



-0.0 %0Missing-1


28.0%28.0 %336Agree with A2




0.6%0.6 %7Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.121.001.769.001.0001200

Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join anyQ25



-0.0 %0Missing-1


12.8%12.8 %153Agree with A2

46.2%46.2 %555Agree with B3



1.7%1.7 %20Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.253.003.029.001.0001200

Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publishQ26


- 24 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:


-0.0 %0Missing-1


14.5%14.5 %174Agree with A2

45.8%45.8 %550Agree with B3



1.4%1.4 %17Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.203.003.059.001.0001200

Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak mindsQ27



-0.0 %0Missing-1


11.5%11.5 %138Agree with A2

51.4%51.4 %617Agree with B3



1.0%1.0 %12Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.983.003.209.001.0001200

Q28a. Member of religious groupQ28A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

38.2%38.2 %459Not a Member0

23.6%23.6 %283Inactive Member1

36.1%36.1 %433Active Member2

2.1%2.1 %25Official Leader3

-0.0 %0Don't Know9

- 25 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


0.911.001.023.000.0001200

Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers associationQ28B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

87.3%87.3 %1048Not a Member0




0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.670.000.229.000.0001200

Q28c. Member of professional or business associationQ28C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

94.3%94.3 %1132Not a Member0




0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.550.000.119.000.0001200

Q28d. Member of community development associationQ28D


- 26 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

89.6%89.6 %1075Not a Member0




0.1%0.1 %1Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.570.000.179.000.0001200

Q29. Registered to voteQ29



-0.0 %0Missing-1

75.6%75.6 %907You were registered to vote1

8.8%8.8 %106You did not want to register2

0.9%0.9 %11You could not find a place to register3

0.1%0.1 %1You were prevented from registering4

3.1%3.1 %37You were too young to register5

11.4%11.4 %137Did not register for some other reason6

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know/Can't remember9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.701.001.819.001.0001200

Q30 Voted last electionQ30



-0.0 %0Missing-1

67.3%67.3 %808You voted in the elections1

0.8%0.8 %10You decided not to vote2

0.4%0.4 %5You could not find the polling station3

0.3%0.3 %4You were prevented from voting4

1.2%1.2 %14You did not have time to vote5

5.4%5.4 %65Did not vote for some other reason6

- 27 -

- Study 22021 -


24.3%24.3 %292You were not registered7

0.2%0.2 %2Don't know/Can't remember9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.681.002.829.001.0001200

Q31a. Attend a community meetingQ31A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

5.3%5.3 %64No, would never do this0

23.2%23.2 %278No, but would do if had the chance1

19.9%19.9 %239Yes, once or twice2

33.8%33.8 %406Yes, several times3

17.3%17.3 %208Yes, often4

0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.243.002.389.000.0001200

Q31b. Join others to raise an issueQ31B



-0.0 %0Missing-1





8.4%8.4 %101Yes, often4

0.6%0.6 %7Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.262.001.969.000.0001200

Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest marchQ31C

- 28 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1





2.1%2.1 %25Yes, often4

2.3%2.3 %28Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.581.001.039.000.0001200

Q32a. Contact local government councillorQ32A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

74.1%74.1 %889Never0

11.4%11.4 %137Only once1

12.0%12.0 %144A few times2

2.5%2.5 %30Often3

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.800.000.433.000.0001200

Q32b. Contact MPQ32B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

88.4%88.4 %1061Never0

6.5%6.5 %78Only once1

4.0%4.0 %48A few times2

1.1%1.1 %13Often3

- 29 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.540.000.183.000.0001200

Q32c. Contact official of a government ministryQ32C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

86.6%86.6 %1039Never0

6.6%6.6 %79Only once1

5.6%5.6 %67A few times2

1.2%1.2 %14Often3

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.640.000.229.000.0001200

Q32d. Contact political party officialQ32D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

88.2%88.2 %1059Never0

5.1%5.1 %61Only once1

5.2%5.2 %62A few times2

1.5%1.5 %18Often3

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.590.000.203.000.0001200

Q32e. Contact religious leaderQ32E


- 30 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

74.3%74.3 %892Never0

7.4%7.4 %89Only once1

12.2%12.2 %147A few times2

6.0%6.0 %72Often3

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.930.000.503.000.0001200

Q32f. Contact traditional rulerQ32F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.0%85.0 %1020Never0

6.1%6.1 %73Only once1

6.2%6.2 %74A few times2

2.8%2.8 %33Often3

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.700.000.273.000.0001200

Q32g. Contact some other influential personQ32G



-0.0 %0Missing-1

93.8%93.8 %1125Never0

2.9%2.9 %35Only once1

2.8%2.8 %33A few times2

0.6%0.6 %7Often3

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.430.000.103.000.0001200

- 31 -

- Study 22021 -

Q33. Why contactQ33



-0.0 %0Missing data-1

25.5%25.5 %306Tell about personal problems1

18.7%18.7 %224Tell about community or public problem2

1.6%1.6 %19Give your view on political issue3

1.6%1.6 %19Something else4

52.7%52.7 %632Not applicable7

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.767.004.437.001.0001200

Q34. Understand democracyQ34




47.1%47.1 %565Understood "democracy" in English1

28.6%28.6 %343Required local language translation2

24.3%24.3 %292Did not understand either3


0.812.001.773.001.0001200

Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim responseQ35A




Q35pt1. First meaning of democracyQ35PT1


- 32 -

- Study 22021 -



1.8%1.8 %21Nothing/ democracy has no meaning0

27.6%27.6 %331Civil liberties/ personal freedoms1

12.8%12.8 %153Government by, for, of the people2

4.7%4.7 %56Voting/elections/ multiparty competition3

12.2%12.2 %146Peace/ unity/ power sharing4

2.3%2.3 %28Social/ economic development5

4.7%4.7 %56Equality/ justice6

0.6%0.6 %7Majority rule7

0.6%0.6 %7Governance/ accountability/ rule of law8

0.2%0.2 %3National independence/ self-determination9

0.2%0.2 %2Mutual respect10

4.0%4.0 %48Working together11

0.9%0.9 %11Other positive meanings12

-0.0 %0Conflict/ confusion14

0.1%0.1 %1Corruption/ abuse of power15

0.2%0.2 %3Social/ economic hardship16

0.5%0.5 %6Other negative meanings17

-0.0 %0Civilian politics/ government19

-0.0 %0Change of government/ leadership/ laws20

0.2%0.2 %3Other neutral/ null meanings21

-0.0 %0Interviewer could not code990

-0.0 %0Refused998

26.5%26.5 %318Don't know999


439.634.00267.16999.000.0001200

Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim responseQ35B




Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracyQ35PT2




- 33 -

- Study 22021 -










-0.0 %0National independence/ self-determination9





0.2%0.2 %2Corruption/ abuse of power15

0.1%0.1 %1Social/ economic hardship16

0.1%0.1 %1Other negative meanings17



0.2%0.2 %2Other neutral/ null meanings21


68.5%68.5 %822No further answer996


460.73996.00683.70996.001.0001200

Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim responseQ35C



0.1%0.1 %1A NATION WITH RESPECT

0.1%0.1 %1BE ABLE TO SAY OUT YOUR VIEWS

0.1%0.1 %1CREATE JOBS FOR ITS PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1DO NOT KNOW NO FURTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1DO VOTERS WILL

0.1%0.1 %1ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE

0.1%0.1 %1ELECTIONS

0.1%0.1 %1ELIMINATION OF POVERTY

0.1%0.1 %1EQUAL SHARING OF RESOURCES

0.1%0.1 %1EQUAL TREATMENT

0.8%0.8 %10EQUALITY

- 34 -

- Study 22021 -


0.1%0.1 %1EQUALITY OF ALL PEOPLE WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION

0.1%0.1 %1FAIR ELECTIONS

0.1%0.1 %1FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS

0.8%0.8 %9FREEDOM

0.1%0.1 %1FREEDOM ELECTIONS

0.2%0.2 %2FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

0.2%0.2 %2FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

0.1%0.1 %1FURTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1GOOD GOVERNANCE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNANCE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNMENT BY FOR OF THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNMENT BY PEOPLE FOR PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNMENT MUST CARE FOR ITS PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVNMENT BY, FOR, OF THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GOVT BY, FOR, OF THE PEOPLE

0.2%0.2 %2GOVT FOR THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GVMNT BY, FOR, OF THE PPLE

0.1%0.1 %1GVMNT FOR THE PPLE

0.1%0.1 %1HELPING EACH OTHER

0.1%0.1 %1HELPING THE POOR

0.1%0.1 %1HOLDING ELECTIONS

0.1%0.1 %1HOLDING ELECTIONS TO CHOOSE LEADERS

0.3%0.3 %4JUSTICE

0.1%0.1 %1LACK OF CORRUPTION

0.1%0.1 %1LAW RESPECT PPLES VIEWS

0.2%0.2 %3MAJORITY RULE

0.1%0.1 %1N FURTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE

0.1%0.1 %1NMO FURTHER RESPONSE

0.1%0.1 %1NO DURTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FORTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FUETHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FUETHER RESPONSE

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURHTER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURHTER RESPONSE

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHE REPLY

0.4%0.4 %5NO FURTHER ANSWER

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER LEVEL

0.2%0.2 %3NO FURTHER REPL

- 35 -

- Study 22021 -


0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER REPLTY

76.4%76.4 %917NO FURTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER RERPLY

9.2%9.2 %110NO FURTHER RESPONSE

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER RESPONSE.

0.2%0.2 %2NO FURTHER RE[PLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER RWPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FURTHER TTRSPONSE

0.2%0.2 %2NO FURTHERREPLY

0.8%0.8 %9NO FUTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO FYRTHER REPLY

0.1%0.1 %1NO PORVETY

0.5%0.5 %6NO WARS

0.1%0.1 %1NOFURTHER REPLY

0.2%0.2 %3NOTHING FURTHER

0.5%0.5 %6O FURTHER REPLY

1.0%1.0 %12PEACE

0.1%0.1 %1PEACE AND UNITY

0.1%0.1 %1PEOPLE BY THE PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1POPULAR RULE

0.1%0.1 %1POSSESSING ALL MY RIGHTS

0.1%0.1 %1POWER SHARIG

0.2%0.2 %2RESPECT

0.1%0.1 %1RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

0.1%0.1 %1RESPECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

0.1%0.1 %1SELF EXPRESSION

0.1%0.1 %1TO REMOVE INACTIVE LEADERS

0.4%0.4 %5UNITY

0.3%0.3 %4VOTING

0.1%0.1 %1VOTING WITHOUT PRESSURE

0.1%0.1 %1VOTING YOUR OWN FEPRESENTATIVE

0.1%0.1 %1WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN THE RUNNING OF THECOUNTRY

1.5%1.5 %18WORKING TOGETHER

0.1%0.1 %1WORKING TOGETHER AS A NATION



Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracyQ35PT3

437-439 (width: 3; decimal: 0)Location:

- 36 -

- Study 22021 -

numeric (ISO)Variable Type:discreteInterval:











0.1%0.1 %1National independence/ self-determination9





-0.0 %0Corruption/ abuse of power15

-0.0 %0Social/ economic hardship16

-0.0 %0Other negative meanings17



-0.0 %0Other neutral/ null meanings21


89.7%89.7 %1076No further answer996


301.73996.00893.62996.001.0001200

Q36a. Reject one-party ruleQ36A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

57.0%57.0 %684Strongly Disapprove1

25.1%25.1 %301Disapprove2

1.3%1.3 %16Neither Approve Nor Disapprove3

9.7%9.7 %116Approve4

5.8%5.8 %69Strongly Approve5

1.2%1.2 %14Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 37 -

- Study 22021 -


1.431.001.899.001.0001200

Q36b. Reject military ruleQ36B



-0.0 %0Missing-1




7.6%7.6 %91Approve4


2.4%2.4 %29Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.591.001.969.001.0001200

Q36c. Reject one-man ruleQ36C



-0.0 %0Missing-1




3.2%3.2 %39Approve4


1.4%1.4 %17Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.211.001.669.001.0001200

Q37. Support for democracyQ37


- 38 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.8%9.8 %118STATEMENT C: Doesn't matter.1

10.2%10.2 %123STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democraticpreferable

2

69.1%69.1 %829STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable.3

10.8%10.8 %130Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.073.003.359.001.0001200

Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methodsQ38



-0.0 %0Missing-1


29.6%29.6 %355Agree with A2




0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.011.001.699.001.0001200

Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties neededQ39



-0.0 %0Missing-1


12.4%12.4 %149Agree with A2

35.2%35.2 %422Agree with B3



1.2%1.2 %14Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 39 -

- Study 22021 -


1.193.003.159.001.0001200

Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president doesQ40



-0.0 %0Missing-1


34.3%34.3 %412Agree with A2

17.2%17.2 %206Agree with B3



2.0%2.0 %24Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.652.002.899.001.0001200

Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courtsQ41



-0.0 %0Missing-1


16.6%16.6 %199Agree with A2

38.3%38.3 %460Agree with B3



1.6%1.6 %19Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.183.003.239.001.0001200

Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another formQ42


- 40 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1


36.0%36.0 %432Agree with A2

22.8%22.8 %273Agree with B3



0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.142.002.509.001.0001200

Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim)Q43A1




Q43a2. Identify MP (code)Q43A2




1.8%1.8 %21Know but can't remember1

6.2%6.2 %75Incorrect guess2

76.6%76.6 %919Correct name3

15.4%15.4 %185Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.243.003.839.001.0001200

Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim)Q43B1




- 41 -

- Study 22021 -

Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code)Q43B2






70.1%70.1 %841Correct name3

18.2%18.2 %219Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.433.003.959.001.0001200

Q43c1. Identify Vice President (verbatim)Q43C1



0.5%0.5 %6CANT REMEMBER

11.8%11.8 %141DO NOT KNOW

0.1%0.1 %1DON'T KNOW

61.5%61.5 %738IAN

6.4%6.4 %77IAN KHAMA

0.1%0.1 %1IAN S. KHAMA

0.2%0.2 %2IAN SERETSE

0.1%0.1 %1KELOBANG

17.5%17.5 %210KHAMA

0.1%0.1 %1KNOW BUT CAN NO

0.2%0.2 %2KNOW BUT CANT R

0.1%0.1 %1KWELAGOBE

0.1%0.1 %1MASIRE

0.3%0.3 %4MERAFHE

0.2%0.2 %3MOGAE

0.1%0.1 %1MOTSEMME

0.1%0.1 %1SEEPAPITSO

0.7%0.7 %8SERETSE

0.1%0.1 %1SERETSE KHAMA



- 42 -

- Study 22021 -

Q43c2. Identify Vice president (code)Q43C2






86.4%86.4 %1037Correct name3

11.8%11.8 %142Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.963.003.699.001.0001200

Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim)Q44A1



0.2%0.2 %2BCP

89.5%89.5 %1074BDP

1.6%1.6 %19BNF

0.1%0.1 %1CAN'T REMEMBER

0.1%0.1 %1DOMKRAG

8.5%8.5 %102DON'T KNOW

0.1%0.1 %1RULING PARTY



Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code)Q44A2






89.6%89.6 %1075Correct answer3

8.5%8.5 %102Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 43 -

- Study 22021 -


1.693.003.499.001.0001200

Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim)Q44B1



4.3%4.3 %521 TIME

0.8%0.8 %1010 YEARS

0.1%0.1 %115 YEARS

23.9%23.9 %2872 TIMES

0.2%0.2 %22 YEARS

0.1%0.1 %12/3 TIMES

4.3%4.3 %523 TIMES

1.2%1.2 %144 TIMES

6.9%6.9 %835 TIMES

0.9%0.9 %115 YEARS

0.1%0.1 %16 TIMES

0.1%0.1 %19 TIMES

0.2%0.2 %2AS HE WISHES

0.1%0.1 %1BELOW 10 YEARS

0.2%0.2 %3CAN'T REMEMBER

45.6%45.6 %547DON'T KNOW

7.5%7.5 %90MANY TIMES

0.8%0.8 %10NO LIMIT

0.1%0.1 %1NOT SURE

2.5%2.5 %30ONCE

0.1%0.1 %1ONCE IN 5 YEARS



Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code)Q44B2






- 44 -

- Study 22021 -



45.7%45.7 %548Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


3.283.005.449.001.0001200

Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim)Q44C1



1.8%1.8 %21ATTORNEY GENERAL

2.9%2.9 %35BATSWANA

0.2%0.2 %2BDP

0.1%0.1 %1BOTSWANA

0.2%0.2 %3CABINET

0.1%0.1 %1CANT REMEMBER

0.2%0.2 %2CHIEF

0.7%0.7 %8CHIEF JUSTICE

0.5%0.5 %6CHIEFS

2.5%2.5 %30CITIZENS

0.3%0.3 %4COMMUNITY

0.4%0.4 %5COUNCILLORS

0.1%0.1 %1DEGRAFF

33.1%33.1 %397DO NOT KNOW

0.1%0.1 %1ELDERS OF THE COUNTR

0.1%0.1 %1EVERY MOTSWANA

0.1%0.1 %1EVERYBODY

0.2%0.2 %2EVERYONE

0.1%0.1 %1EXECUTIVE

0.1%0.1 %1GENERAL SECRETARY

0.7%0.7 %8GORVENMENT

1.7%1.7 %20GOVERNMENT

0.1%0.1 %1GOVT OFFICIALS

8.7%8.7 %104HIGH COURT

0.2%0.2 %2IAN

0.1%0.1 %1INDIVIDUALS

0.4%0.4 %5JUDGES

0.8%0.8 %9JUDICIARY

0.1%0.1 %1KESEKILWE

- 45 -

- Study 22021 -


0.1%0.1 %1LAWYER

0.1%0.1 %1LEADERS

0.1%0.1 %1M. MERAFE

0.1%0.1 %1MAGISTRATE COURT

0.1%0.1 %1MEMBERS OF PARLIAMEN

0.2%0.2 %2MINISTERS

0.3%0.3 %4MOGAE

0.2%0.2 %2MOTSWANA

0.2%0.2 %3NATION

0.1%0.1 %1OMBUDSMAN

4.8%4.8 %57PARLIAMENT

0.1%0.1 %1PARTIES

5.1%5.1 %61PEOPLE

0.1%0.1 %1PERSON

0.1%0.1 %1POLICE

0.2%0.2 %3POLITICAL PARTIES

0.1%0.1 %1POLITICIANS

26.8%26.8 %322PRESIDENT

3.0%3.0 %36PUBLIC

0.1%0.1 %1RESIDENT

0.1%0.1 %1RULING PARTY

0.1%0.1 %1SKELEMANI

0.2%0.2 %2SOCIETY

0.2%0.2 %2THE JUDGES

0.1%0.1 %1THE LAW MAKERS

0.1%0.1 %1UNIVERSITY

0.4%0.4 %5VICE PRESIDENT

1.0%1.0 %12VOTERS



Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code)Q44C2







- 46 -

- Study 22021 -


33.1%33.1 %397Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


3.232.004.429.001.0001200

Q45. Elections free and fairQ45




50.1%50.1 %601Completely free and fair1

33.8%33.8 %405Free and fair, but with minor problems2

6.8%6.8 %81Free and fair, with major problems3

3.5%3.5 %42Not free and fair4

0.3%0.3 %4Do not understand questions8

5.6%5.6 %67Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.891.002.059.001.0001200

Q46. Extent of democracyQ46



-0.0 %0Missing-1

3.2%3.2 %38Not a democracy1

13.1%13.1 %157A democracy, with major problems2

43.9%43.9 %527A democracy, but with minor problems3

28.6%28.6 %343A full democracy4

4.0%4.0 %48Do not understand question/democracy8

7.2%7.2 %87Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.903.003.739.001.0001200

Q47. Satisfaction with democracyQ47


- 47 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1

0.6%0.6 %7Botswana is not a democracy0

13.1%13.1 %157Not at all satisfied1

19.2%19.2 %230Not very satisfied2

35.8%35.8 %430Fairly satisfied3

23.2%23.2 %279Very satisfied4

8.1%8.1 %97Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.963.003.259.000.0001200

Q48. Future of democracyQ48



-0.0 %0Missing-1

1.3%1.3 %16Country is not a democracy0

9.0%9.0 %108Not at all likely1

21.2%21.2 %254Not very likely2

41.1%41.1 %493Likely3

14.6%14.6 %175Very likely4

12.8%12.8 %154Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.293.003.489.000.0001200

Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for itQ49



-0.0 %0Missing-1


37.1%37.1 %445Agree with A2



- 48 -

- Study 22021 -



0.5%0.5 %6Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.951.001.669.001.0001200

Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problemsQ50



-0.0 %0Missing-1


44.1%44.1 %529Agree with A2




0.6%0.6 %7Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.982.001.789.001.0001200

Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessaryQ51



-0.0 %0Missing-1


39.6%39.6 %475Agree with A2




2.0%2.0 %24Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.322.001.889.001.0001200

Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopesQ52A

- 49 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1


14.8%14.8 %177Disagree2


47.0%47.0 %564Agree4


7.0%7.0 %84Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.824.003.859.001.0001200

Q52b. Courts make binding decisionsQ52B



-0.0 %0Missing-1


7.9%7.9 %95Disagree2


54.4%54.4 %653Agree4


4.4%4.4 %53Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.394.004.089.001.0001200

Q52c. People must obey the lawQ52C



-0.0 %0Missing-1


13.0%13.0 %156Disagree2


- 50 -

- Study 22021 -


48.3%48.3 %580Agree4


1.6%1.6 %19Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.304.003.759.001.0001200

Q52d. People must pay taxesQ52D



-0.0 %0Missing-1


10.7%10.7 %128Disagree2


46.9%46.9 %563Agree4


9.1%9.1 %109Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.864.004.139.001.0001200

Q53a. Careful about what you sayQ53A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

19.8%19.8 %238Never0

12.2%12.2 %146Rarely1

13.2%13.2 %159Often2

52.8%52.8 %634Always3

1.9%1.9 %23Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.543.002.149.000.0001200

Q53b. Party competition leads to conflictQ53B

- 51 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1

29.2%29.2 %351Never0

26.0%26.0 %312Rarely1

21.6%21.6 %259Often2

20.6%20.6 %247Always3

2.6%2.6 %31Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.641.001.549.000.0001200

Q53c. Presidents ignore the ConstitutionQ53C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

51.4%51.4 %617Never0

17.8%17.8 %214Rarely1

8.2%8.2 %98Often2

6.3%6.3 %76Always3

16.2%16.2 %195Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


3.200.001.999.000.0001200

Q53d. People are treated unequallyQ53D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

42.7%42.7 %512Never0

16.6%16.6 %199Rarely1

18.0%18.0 %216Often2

15.4%15.4 %185Always3

7.3%7.3 %88Don't know9

- 52 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.351.001.659.000.0001200

Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you thinkQ54A



-0.0 %0Missing-1


6.0%6.0 %72Worse2

36.1%36.1 %433Same3

47.9%47.9 %575Better4


2.0%2.0 %24Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.084.003.659.001.0001200

Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organizationQ54B



-0.0 %0Missing-1


4.3%4.3 %52Worse2

35.9%35.9 %431Same3

49.6%49.6 %595Better4


2.2%2.2 %26Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.064.003.729.001.0001200

Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrestQ54C


- 53 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:


-0.0 %0Missing-1


8.3%8.3 %100Worse2

41.4%41.4 %497Same3

41.8%41.8 %501Better4


2.0%2.0 %24Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.093.003.539.001.0001200

Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedomQ54D



-0.0 %0Missing-1


4.1%4.1 %49Worse2

35.6%35.6 %427Same3

49.2%49.2 %590Better4


1.4%1.4 %17Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.964.003.729.001.0001200

Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence governmentQ54E



-0.0 %0Missing-1


9.1%9.1 %109Worse2

41.0%41.0 %492Same3

37.8%37.8 %453Better4


- 54 -

- Study 22021 -


5.4%5.4 %65Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.513.003.649.001.0001200

Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violenceQ54F



-0.0 %0Missing-1


12.5%12.5 %150Worse2

28.1%28.1 %337Same3

44.7%44.7 %536Better4


0.7%0.7 %8Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.114.003.399.001.0001200

Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for allQ54G



-0.0 %0Missing-1


15.3%15.3 %184Worse2

36.8%36.8 %441Same3

34.6%34.6 %415Better4


2.2%2.2 %27Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.273.003.379.001.0001200

Q55a. Trust the PresidentQ55A


- 55 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.2%14.2 %171Not at all0

15.2%15.2 %183Just a little1

21.2%21.2 %255Somewhat2

44.9%44.9 %539A lot3

4.3%4.3 %52Don't know/Haven't heard enough9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.792.002.319.000.0001200

Q55b. Trust ParliamentQ55B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.8%14.8 %178Not at all0

16.6%16.6 %199Just a little1

25.9%25.9 %311Somewhat2

38.2%38.2 %459A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.802.002.239.000.0001200

Q55c. Trust the Electoral CommissionQ55C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

17.2%17.2 %207Not at all0

18.6%18.6 %223Just a little1

23.7%23.7 %284Somewhat2

31.4%31.4 %377A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998

- 56 -

- Study 22021 -


2.342.002.429.000.0001200

Q55d. Trust your local councilQ55D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

15.2%15.2 %183Not at all0

17.4%17.4 %209Just a little1

26.1%26.1 %313Somewhat2

35.7%35.7 %428A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.952.002.279.000.0001200

Q55e. Trust the ruling partyQ55E



-0.0 %0Missing-1

21.6%21.6 %259Not at all0

17.4%17.4 %209Just a little1

21.8%21.8 %262Somewhat2

37.1%37.1 %445A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.562.001.919.000.0001200

Q55f. Trust opposition political partiesQ55F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

29.4%29.4 %353Not at all0

- 57 -

- Study 22021 -


21.1%21.1 %253Just a little1

22.8%22.8 %273Somewhat2

21.6%21.6 %259A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.021.001.789.000.0001200

Q55g. Trust the militaryQ55G



-0.0 %0Missing-1

12.8%12.8 %153Not at all0

12.5%12.5 %150Just a little1

24.6%24.6 %295Somewhat2

46.9%46.9 %563A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.613.002.329.000.0001200

Q55h. Trust the policeQ55H



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.2%14.2 %170Not at all0

15.4%15.4 %185Just a little1

27.4%27.4 %329Somewhat2

41.1%41.1 %493A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.442.002.119.000.0001200

Q55i. Trust courts of lawQ55I

- 58 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.8%9.8 %118Not at all0

16.2%16.2 %195Just a little1

27.0%27.0 %324Somewhat2

41.6%41.6 %499A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.842.002.439.000.0001200

Q55j, Trust government broadcasting serviceQ55J



-0.0 %0Missing-1

6.7%6.7 %80Not at all0

14.1%14.1 %169Just a little1

27.8%27.8 %334Somewhat2

44.4%44.4 %533A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.963.002.669.000.0001200

Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting servicesQ55K



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.0%9.0 %108Not at all0

14.9%14.9 %179Just a little1

22.0%22.0 %264Somewhat2

24.2%24.2 %291A lot3


- 59 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.373.004.009.000.0001200

Q55l. Trust government newspapersQ55L



-0.0 %0Missing-1

6.5%6.5 %78Not at all0

13.8%13.8 %166Just a little1

26.7%26.7 %320Somewhat2

41.2%41.2 %494A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.383.002.979.000.0001200

Q55m. Trust independent newspapersQ55M



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.1%9.1 %109Not at all0

16.0%16.0 %192Just a little1

25.8%25.8 %309Somewhat2

32.6%32.6 %391A lot3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.772.003.159.000.0001200

Q56a. Corruption: office of the PresidencyQ56A


- 60 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

20.4%20.4 %245None0

44.3%44.3 %532Some of them1

10.7%10.7 %128Most of them2

4.3%4.3 %52All of them3

20.2%20.2 %243Don't Know/Haven't heard enough9

-0.0 %0Refused998


3.301.002.619.000.0001200

Q56b. Corruption: Members of ParliamentQ56B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.8%14.8 %178None0

48.2%48.2 %579Some of them1

16.1%16.1 %193Most of them2

3.5%3.5 %42All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.061.002.479.000.0001200

Q56c. Corruption: local government councilorsQ56C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

16.7%16.7 %200None0

49.4%49.4 %593Some of them1

14.5%14.5 %174Most of them2

2.3%2.3 %28All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.071.002.399.000.0001200

- 61 -

- Study 22021 -

Q56d. Corruption: national government officialsQ56D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

11.2%11.2 %135None0

46.9%46.9 %563Some of them1

25.7%25.7 %308Most of them2

3.0%3.0 %36All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.711.002.269.000.0001200

Q56e. Corruption: local government officialsQ56E



-0.0 %0Missing-1

11.6%11.6 %139None0

47.9%47.9 %575Some of them1

24.0%24.0 %288Most of them2

3.2%3.2 %39All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.721.002.259.000.0001200

Q56f. Corruption: policeQ56F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

12.7%12.7 %152None0

45.9%45.9 %551Some of them1

25.2%25.2 %303Most of them2

4.2%4.2 %51All of them3

- 62 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Refused998


2.611.002.169.000.0001200

Q56g. Corruption: tax officialsQ56G



-0.0 %0Missing-1

16.2%16.2 %195None0

41.8%41.8 %501Some of them1

17.5%17.5 %210Most of them2

2.3%2.3 %28All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.361.002.839.000.0001200

Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistratesQ56H



-0.0 %0Missing-1

24.7%24.7 %296None0

41.3%41.3 %496Some of them1

10.9%10.9 %131Most of them2

2.7%2.7 %32All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.341.002.559.000.0001200

Q56i. Corruption: health workersQ56I


- 63 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

31.2%31.2 %374None0

41.8%41.8 %501Some of them1

9.8%9.8 %118Most of them2

2.4%2.4 %29All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.991.002.029.000.0001200

Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administratorsQ56J



-0.0 %0Missing-1

32.5%32.5 %390None0

41.2%41.2 %495Some of them1

9.8%9.8 %117Most of them2

2.5%2.5 %30All of them3


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.931.001.949.000.0001200

Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permitQ57A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

86.1%86.1 %1033Never0

1.8%1.8 %22Once or Twice1

-0.0 %0A Few Times2

-0.0 %0Often3

11.9%11.9 %143No experience with this in past year7

0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 64 -

- Study 22021 -


2.290.000.879.000.0001200

Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placementQ57B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.9%85.9 %1031Never0


-0.0 %0A Few Times2

-0.0 %0Often3


0.1%0.1 %1Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.370.000.939.000.0001200

Q57c. Pay bribe for: household serviceQ57C



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.8%85.8 %1030Never0


0.2%0.2 %2A Few Times2

0.1%0.1 %1Often3


0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.340.000.919.000.0001200

Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attentionQ57D


- 65 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

88.1%88.1 %1057Never0



0.1%0.1 %1Often3


0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.210.000.799.000.0001200

Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with policeQ57E



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.8%85.8 %1030Never0



0.2%0.2 %2Often3


0.1%0.1 %1Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.320.000.909.000.0001200

Q57f. Election incentives offeredQ57F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

86.7%86.7 %1040Never0



0.5%0.5 %6Often3


0.1%0.1 %1Don't Know9

- 66 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


2.240.000.849.000.0001200

Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relativeQ58A




0.9%0.9 %11Not wrong at all1

4.3%4.3 %52Wrong but understandable2

92.6%92.6 %1111Wrong and punishable3

2.2%2.2 %26Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.933.003.079.001.0001200

Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for serviceQ58B







2.9%2.9 %35Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.203.002.929.001.0001200

Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supportersQ58C




- 67 -

- Study 22021 -





2.8%2.8 %34Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.163.002.949.001.0001200

Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideasQ59



-0.0 %0Missing-1


38.2%38.2 %458Agree with A2

10.6%10.6 %127Agree with B3



0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.952.001.789.001.0001200

Q60. Time MP should spendQ60




0.4%0.4 %5Never/ Not necessary0

5.2%5.2 %62At least once a year1

56.6%56.6 %679At least once a month2

19.4%19.4 %233At least weekly3

15.7%15.7 %188All of the time4

2.8%2.8 %33Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.352.002.649.000.0001200

- 68 -

- Study 22021 -

Q61. Time MP does spendQ61




16.6%16.6 %199Never0

18.5%18.5 %222At least once a year1

38.7%38.7 %464At least once a month2

7.5%7.5 %90At least weekly3

3.4%3.4 %41Here almost all of the time4

15.3%15.3 %184Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.842.002.709.000.0001200

Q62a. MPs listenQ62A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

18.2%18.2 %218Never0

46.5%46.5 %558Only sometimes1

22.4%22.4 %269Often2

7.8%7.8 %94Always3

5.1%5.1 %61Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.901.001.619.000.0001200

Q62b. Local government councilors listenQ62B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

14.3%14.3 %172Never0

45.0%45.0 %540Only sometimes1

24.6%24.6 %295Often2

- 69 -

- Study 22021 -


10.9%10.9 %131Always3

5.2%5.2 %62Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.901.001.739.000.0001200

Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st responseQ63PT1




0.1%0.1 %1Nothing/No problems0

1.7%1.7 %20Management of economy1

1.8%1.8 %21Wages, incomes and salaries2

41.2%41.2 %495Unemployment3

14.4%14.4 %173Poverty/ destitution4

0.1%0.1 %1Rates and taxes5

0.2%0.2 %2Loans/ credit6

1.4%1.4 %17Farming/ agriculture7

1.2%1.2 %14Food shortage/ famine8

5.7%5.7 %68Drought9

0.2%0.2 %3Land10

0.1%0.1 %1Transportation11

0.2%0.2 %3Communications12

2.1%2.1 %25Infrastructure/ roads13

3.3%3.3 %40Education14

0.3%0.3 %4Housing15

0.5%0.5 %6Electricity16

1.1%1.1 %13Water supply17

1.2%1.2 %14Orphans/ street children/ homeless18

0.1%0.1 %1Services (other)19

1.8%1.8 %22Health20

11.9%11.9 %143AIDS21

0.9%0.9 %11Sickness/ disease22

4.7%4.7 %56Crime and security23

1.0%1.0 %12Corruption24

0.2%0.2 %2Political violence25

0.4%0.4 %5Political instability/ ethnic tensions26

0.5%0.5 %6Discrimination/ inequality27

- 70 -

- Study 22021 -


0.2%0.2 %3Gender issues/ women's rights28

0.1%0.1 %1Democracy/ political rights29

-0.0 %0War (international)30

-0.0 %0Civil war31

-0.0 %0Problem of illegal immigrants140

-0.0 %0Teenage pregnancy141

-0.0 %0Youth empowerment142

0.2%0.2 %3Other995

-0.0 %0Refused to answer998

1.2%1.2 %14Don't know999


117.244.0022.83999.000.0001200

Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd responseQ63PT2




-0.0 %0Nothing/No problems0









3.6%3.6 %43Drought9

0.3%0.3 %4Land10




8.5%8.5 %102Education14

0.7%0.7 %8Housing15





3.9%3.9 %47Health20

- 71 -

- Study 22021 -


9.2%9.2 %111AIDS21










-0.0 %0Civil war31




0.4%0.4 %5Other995

11.3%11.3 %136No further reply996




317.2314.00127.19996.001.0001200

Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd responseQ63PT3




-0.0 %0Nothing/No problems0









2.9%2.9 %35Drought9

0.4%0.4 %5Land10



- 72 -

- Study 22021 -



8.8%8.8 %105Education14

0.8%0.8 %10Housing15





4.4%4.4 %53Health20

5.9%5.9 %71AIDS21










-0.0 %0Civil war31




0.1%0.1 %1Other995

36.1%36.1 %433No further reply996




472.4621.00368.64996.001.0001200

Q64. Government solve MIPQ64






42.2%42.2 %506Likely2

8.2%8.2 %98Very likely3


- 73 -

- Study 22021 -


6.9%6.9 %83Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.142.002.099.000.0001200

Q65a. Handling managing the economyQ65A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

8.9%8.9 %107Very Badly1

19.0%19.0 %228Fairly Badly2

57.1%57.1 %685Fairly Well3

10.4%10.4 %125Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.523.003.019.001.0001200

Q65b. Handling creating jobsQ65B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

37.1%37.1 %445Very Badly1


27.8%27.8 %334Fairly Well3

2.3%2.3 %28Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.032.002.009.001.0001200

Q65c. Handling keeping prices stableQ65C


- 74 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

26.9%26.9 %323Very Badly1


30.7%30.7 %368Fairly Well3

2.5%2.5 %30Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.432.002.309.001.0001200

Q65d. Handling narrowing income gapsQ65D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

32.2%32.2 %387Very Badly1


30.3%30.3 %364Fairly Well3

2.4%2.4 %29Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.232.002.159.001.0001200

Q65e. Handling reducing crimeQ65E



-0.0 %0Missing-1

11.2%11.2 %134Very Badly1


59.4%59.4 %713Fairly Well3

11.9%11.9 %143Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


0.933.002.769.001.0001200

- 75 -

- Study 22021 -

Q65f. Handling improving basic health servicesQ65F



-0.0 %0Missing-1

3.8%3.8 %46Very Badly1


69.5%69.5 %834Fairly Well3

14.8%14.8 %178Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


0.843.003.019.001.0001200

Q65g. Handling addressing educational needsQ65G



-0.0 %0Missing-1



69.9%69.9 %839Fairly Well3

11.7%11.7 %140Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


0.893.002.969.001.0001200

Q65h. Handling delivering household waterQ65H



-0.0 %0Missing-1



63.5%63.5 %762Fairly Well3

12.8%12.8 %154Very Well4

- 76 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Refused998


0.933.002.899.001.0001200

Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eatQ65I



-0.0 %0Missing-1

12.1%12.1 %145Very Badly1


55.6%55.6 %667Fairly Well3

7.8%7.8 %94Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.333.002.799.001.0001200

Q65j. Handling fighting corruptionQ65J



-0.0 %0Missing-1

12.3%12.3 %148Very Badly1


53.2%53.2 %639Fairly Well3

10.3%10.3 %124Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.523.002.919.001.0001200

Q65k. Handling combating HIV/AIDSQ65K


- 77 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1



37.6%37.6 %451Fairly Well3

54.2%54.2 %651Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


0.914.003.529.001.0001200

Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problemsQ66



-0.0 %0Missing-1


19.1%19.1 %229Agree with A2

35.7%35.7 %428Agree with B3



0.6%0.6 %7Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.173.002.819.001.0001200

Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roadsQ67A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

24.2%24.2 %290Very Badly1


42.4%42.4 %509Fairly Well3

9.3%9.3 %112Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998

- 78 -

- Study 22021 -


1.223.002.469.001.0001200

Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community cleanQ67B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

15.8%15.8 %190Very Badly1


53.1%53.1 %637Fairly Well3

10.1%10.1 %121Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.163.002.679.001.0001200

Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxesQ67C



-0.0 %0Missing-1



40.4%40.4 %485Fairly Well3

4.5%4.5 %54Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.083.004.849.001.0001200

Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisionsQ67D



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.2%9.2 %110Very Badly1

- 79 -

- Study 22021 -



34.5%34.5 %414Fairly Well3

4.0%4.0 %48Very Well4


-0.0 %0Refused998


3.173.004.819.001.0001200

Q68a. Performance: PresidentQ68A



-0.0 %0Missing-1



56.0%56.0 %672Approve3



-0.0 %0Refused998


1.673.003.169.001.0001200

Q68b. Performance: MPQ68B



-0.0 %0Missing-1



57.6%57.6 %691Approve3



-0.0 %0Refused998


1.663.003.109.001.0001200

Q68c. Performance: local government councilorQ68C

- 80 -

- Study 22021 -



-0.0 %0Missing-1



54.8%54.8 %658Approve3



-0.0 %0Refused998


1.763.003.109.001.0001200

Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary educationQ69A




22.0%22.0 %264Incorrect answer1


3.6%3.6 %43Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.412.002.039.001.0001200

Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health careQ69B




27.6%27.6 %331Incorrect answer1


1.8%1.8 %21Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.052.001.859.001.0001200

- 81 -

- Study 22021 -

Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crimeQ70A



-0.0 %0Missing-1



30.3%30.3 %364Likely3

28.6%28.6 %343Very likely4

4.0%4.0 %48Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.613.002.999.001.0001200

Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crimeQ70B



-0.0 %0Missing-1



35.6%35.6 %427Likely3

58.8%58.8 %705Very likely4

3.1%3.1 %37Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.104.003.749.001.0001200

Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay taxQ70C



-0.0 %0Missing-1



32.4%32.4 %389Likely3

28.2%28.2 %338Very likely4

- 82 -

- Study 22021 -


5.5%5.5 %66Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.743.003.139.001.0001200

Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay taxQ70D



-0.0 %0Missing-1



36.1%36.1 %433Likely3

54.7%54.7 %656Very likely4

5.1%5.1 %61Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.344.003.809.001.0001200

Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity documentQ71A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

4.5%4.5 %54Very Difficult1

18.7%18.7 %224Difficult2

48.5%48.5 %582Easy3

28.0%28.0 %336Very Easy4

0.1%0.1 %1Never Try7

0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.873.003.029.001.0001200

Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household servicesQ71B


- 83 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:


-0.0 %0Missing-1


26.7%26.7 %320Difficult2

38.6%38.6 %463Easy3

16.6%16.6 %199Very Easy4

2.5%2.5 %30Never Try7

1.2%1.2 %14Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.343.002.789.001.0001200

Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the policeQ71C



-0.0 %0Missing-1


25.0%25.0 %300Difficult2

43.2%43.2 %519Easy3

14.2%14.2 %171Very Easy4

1.5%1.5 %18Never Try7

0.3%0.3 %4Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.123.002.669.001.0001200

Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placementQ71D



-0.0 %0Missing-1


8.4%8.4 %101Difficult2

50.9%50.9 %611Easy3

33.3%33.3 %400Very Easy4

2.2%2.2 %27Never Try7

- 84 -

- Study 22021 -


2.5%2.5 %30Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.263.003.449.001.0001200

Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatmentQ71E



-0.0 %0Missing-1


10.2%10.2 %122Difficult2

57.1%57.1 %685Easy3

28.2%28.2 %339Very Easy4

1.2%1.2 %14Never Try7

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.843.003.179.001.0001200

Q72a. Why not try to get: identity documentQ72A




0.1%0.1 %1Don't need/use it1

-0.0 %0Don't know how2

-0.0 %0Govt. does not provide3

-0.0 %0No personal connections4

-0.0 %0Other5


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.177.007.007.001.0001200

Q72b. Why not try to get: household servicesQ72B

- 85 -

- Study 22021 -






0.2%0.2 %3Govt. does not provide3

0.1%0.1 %1No personal connections4

1.1%1.1 %13Other5


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.697.006.907.001.0001200

Q72c. Why not try to get: help from policeQ72C






-0.0 %0Govt. does not provide3

-0.0 %0No personal connections4

0.4%0.4 %5Other5


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.637.006.937.001.0001200

Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensiveQ73A




65.3%65.3 %784Never0

- 86 -

- Study 22021 -


11.6%11.6 %139Once or twice1

4.1%4.1 %49A few times2

1.2%1.2 %15Often3

16.9%16.9 %203No experience7

0.8%0.8 %10Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.670.001.499.000.0001200

Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and suppliesQ73B




51.4%51.4 %617Never0

17.2%17.2 %207Once or twice1

8.4%8.4 %101A few times2

3.1%3.1 %37Often3


2.2%2.2 %27Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.780.001.879.000.0001200

Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teachingQ73C




49.3%49.3 %592Never0

17.6%17.6 %211Once or twice1

10.3%10.3 %124A few times2

2.5%2.5 %30Often3


2.7%2.7 %32Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 87 -

- Study 22021 -


2.811.001.939.000.0001200

Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachersQ73D




48.5%48.5 %582Never0

17.1%17.1 %205Once or twice1

10.2%10.2 %122A few times2

3.4%3.4 %41Often3


3.2%3.2 %39Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.851.002.009.000.0001200

Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classroomsQ73E




52.0%52.0 %624Never0

12.3%12.3 %148Once or twice1

9.9%9.9 %119A few times2

5.8%5.8 %70Often3


2.3%2.3 %28Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.790.001.949.000.0001200

Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilitiesQ73F


- 88 -

- Study 22021 -



59.5%59.5 %714Never0

9.2%9.2 %110Once or twice1

8.4%8.4 %101A few times2

3.1%3.1 %37Often3


2.2%2.2 %27Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.820.001.799.000.0001200

Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal paymentsQ73G




73.9%73.9 %887Never0


2.6%2.6 %31A few times2

1.6%1.6 %19Often3


2.0%2.0 %24Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.860.001.539.000.0001200

Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensiveQ74A




82.0%82.0 %984Never0


3.4%3.4 %41A few times2

1.0%1.0 %12Often3


0.3%0.3 %4Don't know9

- 89 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Refused998


1.520.000.509.000.0001200

Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/suppliesQ74B




37.8%37.8 %454Never0

29.3%29.3 %352Once or twice1

21.2%21.2 %255A few times2

7.2%7.2 %87Often3


0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.571.001.249.000.0001200

Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respectQ74C




49.3%49.3 %592Never0

22.3%22.3 %268Once or twice1

17.3%17.3 %208A few times2

6.7%6.7 %80Often3


0.2%0.2 %3Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.601.001.089.000.0001200

Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctorsQ74D


- 90 -

- Study 22021 -

discreteInterval:



42.1%42.1 %505Never0

21.9%21.9 %263Once or twice1

22.3%22.3 %268A few times2

9.2%9.2 %111Often3


0.3%0.3 %4Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.621.001.269.000.0001200

Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting timeQ74E




33.0%33.0 %396Never0

15.8%15.8 %189Once or twice1

22.2%22.2 %266A few times2

24.8%24.8 %298Often3


0.2%0.2 %2Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.642.001.659.000.0001200

Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilitiesQ74F




79.6%79.6 %955Never0


5.9%5.9 %71A few times2

2.5%2.5 %30Often3


- 91 -

- Study 22021 -


0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.590.000.599.000.0001200

Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal paymentsQ74G




90.8%90.8 %1090Never0


2.2%2.2 %27A few times2

0.5%0.5 %6Often3


0.8%0.8 %9Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.610.000.439.000.0001200

Q75a. What do: waiting for permitQ75A




15.0%15.0 %180Don't worry, things will resolve1

72.6%72.6 %871Lodge complaint through proper channels2

3.3%3.3 %40Use connections with influential3

0.6%0.6 %7Offer tip or bribe4

0.1%0.1 %1Join in public protest5

0.3%0.3 %4Other6

3.4%3.4 %41Nothing can be done7

4.7%4.7 %56Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.802.002.419.001.0001200

- 92 -

- Study 22021 -

Q75b. What do: name missingQ75B









0.8%0.8 %9Other6


4.7%4.7 %56Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.122.002.929.001.0001200

Q75c. What do: suspect school officialQ75C









0.8%0.8 %9Other6


4.2%4.2 %50Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.782.002.609.001.0001200

Q75d. What do: wrongful arrestQ75D


- 93 -

- Study 22021 -








0.5%0.5 %6Other6


3.4%3.4 %41Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.602.002.489.001.0001200

Q75e. What do: land seizedQ75E








-0.0 %0Join in public protest5

0.8%0.8 %10Other6


3.2%3.2 %39Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.472.002.389.001.0001200

Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobsQ76A




37.6%37.6 %451The President/ executive0

11.3%11.3 %136The Parliament1

- 94 -

- Study 22021 -


5.1%5.1 %61Their political party2

41.8%41.8 %501The voters3

4.2%4.2 %51Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.022.001.859.000.0001200

Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobsQ76B




16.8%16.8 %202The President/ executive0

28.8%28.8 %346The Local Council1

4.4%4.4 %53Their political party2

45.9%45.9 %551The voters3

4.0%4.0 %48Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.842.002.119.000.0001200

Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects votersQ77A




4.8%4.8 %57Not at all well0

26.2%26.2 %315Not very well1

46.6%46.6 %559Well2

18.2%18.2 %219Very well3

4.2%4.2 %50Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.632.002.129.000.0001200

Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leadersQ77B


- 95 -

- Study 22021 -




5.9%5.9 %71Not at all well0

25.0%25.0 %300Not very well1

41.1%41.1 %493Well2

23.4%23.4 %281Very well3

4.6%4.6 %55Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.712.002.199.000.0001200

Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get electedQ78A




6.0%6.0 %72Never0

12.8%12.8 %153Rarely1

22.9%22.9 %275Often2

57.1%57.1 %685Always3

1.2%1.2 %15Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.183.002.419.000.0001200

Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaignsQ78B




20.6%20.6 %247Never0

21.4%21.4 %257Rarely1

27.8%27.8 %334Often2

23.8%23.8 %286Always3

6.3%6.3 %76Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 96 -

- Study 22021 -


2.092.002.069.000.0001200

Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promisesQ78C




49.9%49.9 %599Never0

31.2%31.2 %374Rarely1

13.8%13.8 %166Often2

3.6%3.6 %43Always3

1.5%1.5 %18Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.311.000.839.000.0001200

Q78d. Politicians: deliver developmentQ78D




50.7%50.7 %608Never0

35.0%35.0 %420Rarely1

9.7%9.7 %116Often2

3.2%3.2 %38Always3

1.5%1.5 %18Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.280.000.779.000.0001200

Q79. Tribe or ethnic groupQ79




9.2%9.2 %110Mokgatla140

- 97 -

- Study 22021 -


9.1%9.1 %109Mokwena141

15.8%15.8 %190Mongwato142

8.9%8.9 %107Mongwaketse143

0.8%0.8 %10Motlokwa144

1.1%1.1 %13Moherero145

3.1%3.1 %37Morolong146

2.2%2.2 %26Mosarwa147

15.3%15.3 %184Mokalanga148

3.8%3.8 %46Molete149

3.8%3.8 %46Mmirwa150

6.8%6.8 %82Motswapong151

0.6%0.6 %7Mosobea152

1.6%1.6 %19Motawana153

7.1%7.1 %85Mokgalagadi154

2.0%2.0 %24Moyei155

2.0%2.0 %24Mohurutshe156

1.7%1.7 %20Mombukushu157

0.2%0.2 %3Monajwa158

1.2%1.2 %15Mokhurutshe159

0.2%0.2 %3Motalaote160

3.2%3.2 %39Motswana only "doenst think of self in those terms"990

0.1%0.1 %1Refused998



151.59147.00174.65998.00140.0001200

Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditionsQ80A



-0.0 %0Missing-1


12.2%12.2 %147Better2

57.8%57.8 %693Same3

14.8%14.8 %178Worse4



3.9%3.9 %47Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 98 -

- Study 22021 -


1.513.003.509.001.0001200

Q80b. Ethnic group's political influenceQ80B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

4.7%4.7 %56Much more1

14.2%14.2 %171More2

59.5%59.5 %714Same3

9.8%9.8 %117Less4

3.2%3.2 %38Much less5


5.3%5.3 %64Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.693.003.389.001.0001200

Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairlyQ81



-0.0 %0Missing-1

63.7%63.7 %764Never0

14.2%14.2 %170Sometimes1

5.6%5.6 %67Often2

5.6%5.6 %67Always3


7.7%7.7 %92Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


2.630.001.349.000.0001200

Q82. Ethnic or national identityQ82


- 99 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Missing-1

6.8%6.8 %81I feel only......1

5.3%5.3 %64I feel more... than Motswana2

47.1%47.1 %565I feel equally Motswana as.....3

3.6%3.6 %43I feel more Motswana than.......4

33.5%33.5 %402I feel only Motswana5


0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.393.003.689.001.0001200

Q83. Most people can be trustedQ83




93.6%93.6 %1123You must be very careful0

5.9%5.9 %71Most people can be trusted1

0.5%0.5 %6Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.670.000.109.000.0001200

Q84a. Trust relativesQ84A




19.8%19.8 %237Not at all0

24.3%24.3 %292Just a little1

17.9%17.9 %215Somewhat2

37.8%37.8 %454A lot3

0.2%0.2 %2Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.202.001.759.000.0001200

- 100 -

- Study 22021 -

Q84b. Trust neighborsQ84B




30.8%30.8 %369Not at all0

27.9%27.9 %335Just a little1

19.7%19.7 %236Somewhat2

21.2%21.2 %255A lot3

0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.231.001.359.000.0001200

Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic groupQ84C




28.7%28.7 %344Not at all0

30.6%30.6 %367Just a little1

20.2%20.2 %242Somewhat2

19.7%19.7 %236A lot3

0.9%0.9 %11Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.311.001.389.000.0001200

Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groupsQ84D




33.1%33.1 %397Not at all0

30.0%30.0 %360Just a little1

20.2%20.2 %242Somewhat2

14.9%14.9 %179A lot3

- 101 -

- Study 22021 -


1.8%1.8 %22Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.481.001.329.000.0001200

Q85. Close to political partyQ85



-0.0 %0Missing-1

20.1%20.1 %241No, not close to any party0

78.7%78.7 %944Yes, feels close to a party1

0.4%0.4 %5Refused to answer8

0.8%0.8 %10Don't know9


0.961.000.909.000.0001200

Q86. Which partyQ86




0.6%0.6 %7Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM)140

8.9%8.9 %107Botswana Congress Party(BCP)141

45.8%45.8 %550Botswana Democratic Party(BDP)142

21.3%21.3 %256Botswana National Front(BNF)143

0.2%0.2 %2Botswana Independence Party (BIP)144

0.1%0.1 %1MELS145

-0.0 %0New Democratic Front(UDF)146

-0.0 %0United Socialist Party(USP)147

0.8%0.8 %9Botswana Peoples Party(BPP)148

-0.0 %0Kgarametsa One Time149

-0.0 %0Other995


1.0%1.0 %12Refused998


- 102 -

- Study 22021 -


356.17142.00333.12998.00140.0001200

Q87. How close to this political partyQ87



-0.0 %0Missing-1

7.8%7.8 %93Not very close1

19.1%19.1 %229Somewhat close2

51.8%51.8 %622Very close3


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.913.003.517.001.0001200

Q88-BOT. Elect successor vs. VP automatically succeeds pres.Q88_BOT




21.7%21.7 %260Agree with A2

24.1%24.1 %289Agree with B3


0.8%0.8 %10Agree with Neither5

2.1%2.1 %25Dont Know9


1.482.002.409.001.0001200

Q89-BOT. Direct election of pres. vs retain selection by parl.Q89_BOT




25.1%25.1 %301Agree with A2

21.3%21.3 %256Agree with B3

- 103 -

- Study 22021 -



1.0%1.0 %12Agree with Neither5

2.0%2.0 %24Dont Know9


1.452.002.259.001.0001200

Q90. Education of respondentQ90



-0.0 %0Missing-1

15.8%15.8 %189No formal schooling0

1.5%1.5 %18Informal schooling only1

13.2%13.2 %158Some primary schooling2

14.9%14.9 %179Primary school completed3

20.5%20.5 %246Some secondary school/high school4

24.3%24.3 %292Secondary school completed/high school5

4.9%4.9 %59Post-secondary qualifications, not university6

1.9%1.9 %23Some university7

2.2%2.2 %26University completed8

0.5%0.5 %6Post-graduate9

0.3%0.3 %4Don't know99

-0.0 %0Refused998


5.874.003.7499.000.0001200

Q91. Religion of respondentQ91



-0.0 %0Missing-1

27.8%27.8 %333None0

5.3%5.3 %64Catholic2

5.3%5.3 %64Protestant (Mainstream)3

4.8%4.8 %57Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal)4

21.2%21.2 %254African Independent Church5

4.9%4.9 %59Traditional religion6

- 104 -

- Study 22021 -


0.1%0.1 %1Hindu7

-0.0 %0Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God)8

0.4%0.4 %5Atheist (Do not believe in a God)9

27.2%27.2 %326Christian (general)10

-0.0 %0Muslim, Sunni11

0.1%0.1 %1Muslim, Shiite12

0.3%0.3 %4Jehovah's Witness13

2.4%2.4 %29Seventh Day Adventist14

-0.0 %0Other995

-0.0 %0Refused998

0.2%0.2 %3Don't know999


49.835.007.46999.000.0001200

Q92. How often attend religious servicesQ92



-0.0 %0Missing-1

29.5%29.5 %354Never1

6.7%6.7 %80About once a year or less2

9.2%9.2 %110About once every several months3

12.0%12.0 %144About once a month4

26.7%26.7 %320About once a week5

15.6%15.6 %187More than once a week6

0.4%0.4 %5Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.944.003.499.001.0001200

Q93a. Own bookQ93A




29.2%29.2 %350No, don't own0

70.8%70.8 %850Yes, do own1

- 105 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.451.000.711.000.0001200

Q93b. Own radioQ93B




24.2%24.2 %290No, don't own0

75.8%75.8 %910Yes, do own1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.431.000.761.000.0001200

Q93c. Own televisionQ93C




64.2%64.2 %771No, don't own0

35.8%35.8 %429Yes, do own1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.480.000.361.000.0001200

Q93d. Own bicycleQ93D




85.3%85.3 %1024No, don't own0

- 106 -

- Study 22021 -


14.7%14.7 %176Yes, do own1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.350.000.151.000.0001200

Q93e. Own motorcycleQ93E




99.5%99.5 %1194No, don't own0

0.5%0.5 %6Yes, do own1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.070.000.011.000.0001200

Q93f. Own motor vehicle or carQ93F




86.3%86.3 %1036No, don't own0

13.7%13.7 %164Yes, do own1

-0.0 %0Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.340.000.141.000.0001200

Q94. Employment statusQ94



-0.0 %0Missing-1

- 107 -

- Study 22021 -


23.7%23.7 %284No (not looking)0

50.2%50.2 %602No (looking)1

0.8%0.8 %9Yes, part time (not looking)2

4.5%4.5 %54Yes, part time (looking)3

10.6%10.6 %127Yes, full time (not looking)4

10.2%10.2 %123Yes, full time (looking)5

0.1%0.1 %1Don't know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


1.651.001.599.000.0001200

Q95. Main occupationQ95



-0.0 %0Missing-1

29.1%29.1 %349Never had a job0

3.3%3.3 %40Subsistence farmer (own consumption only)1

1.7%1.7 %20Peasant farmer (own consumption and sale)2

0.2%0.2 %2Commercial farmer (mainly for sale)3

1.8%1.8 %22Farm worker4

0.2%0.2 %2Fisherman5

2.1%2.1 %25Trader/Hawker/Vendor6

2.6%2.6 %31Miner7

6.4%6.4 %77Domestic worker/ maid8

3.1%3.1 %37Police/ Security/ Military9

3.7%3.7 %44Artisan/skilled, formal sector10

5.4%5.4 %65Artisan/skilled, informal sector11

3.3%3.3 %40Clerical Worker12

3.3%3.3 %40Unskilled manual, formal sector13

5.9%5.9 %71Unskilled manual, informal sector14

1.2%1.2 %14Businessperson (works for others)15

1.2%1.2 %14Businessperson (own business, less than 10)16

0.1%0.1 %1Businessperson (own business, 10 or more)17

2.6%2.6 %31Professional worker18

0.9%0.9 %11Supervisor/ Foreman19

1.8%1.8 %21Teacher20

5.8%5.8 %69Government worker21

2.5%2.5 %30Retail worker22

- 108 -

- Study 22021 -


5.5%5.5 %66Student23

6.5%6.5 %78Housewife/ work in household24

-0.0 %0Unemployed990

-0.0 %0Retired991

-0.0 %0Disabled992

-0.0 %0Anything993

-0.0 %0Other995

-0.0 %0Refused998



8.579.009.8224.000.0001200

Q96a. Physical healthQ96A



-0.0 %0Missing-1

53.5%53.5 %642Never0


13.9%13.9 %167Many times2

4.6%4.6 %55Always3

0.2%0.2 %2Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998


0.940.000.719.000.0001200

Q96b. Mental healthQ96B



-0.0 %0Missing-1

52.5%52.5 %630Never0


15.5%15.5 %186Many times2

4.9%4.9 %59Always3

0.4%0.4 %5Don't Know9

-0.0 %0Refused998

- 109 -

- Study 22021 -


1.040.000.769.000.0001200

Q97. Know died of AIDSQ97



-0.0 %0Missing-1

55.6%55.6 %667No0

41.2%41.2 %495Yes1

0.8%0.8 %9Refused8

2.4%2.4 %29Don't know9


1.540.000.699.000.0001200

Q98. How many died of AIDSQ98



-0.0 %0Missing-1

9.8%9.8 %117-1

9.1%9.1 %109-2

5.8%5.8 %70-3

4.4%4.4 %53-4

3.9%3.9 %47-5

1.8%1.8 %21-6

0.8%0.8 %10-7

0.4%0.4 %5-8

0.3%0.3 %4-9

2.2%2.2 %27-10

0.3%0.3 %4-11

0.2%0.2 %3-12

0.1%0.1 %1-13

0.2%0.2 %2-15

0.1%0.1 %1-16

0.7%0.7 %8-20

0.1%0.1 %1-21

0.1%0.1 %1-30

0.2%0.2 %2-40

- 110 -

- Study 22021 -



0.1%0.1 %1Will not say/Refused998

0.7%0.7 %8Don't know999


487.66997.00594.87999.001.0001200

Q99. Vote for which partyQ99




0.4%0.4 %5Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM)140

9.1%9.1 %109Botswana Congress Party(BCP)141

53.0%53.0 %636Botswana Democratic Party(BDP)142

24.2%24.2 %291Botswana National Front(BNF)143

0.5%0.5 %6Botswana Independence Party (BIP)144

-0.0 %0MELS145

0.1%0.1 %1New Democratic Front(UDF)146

0.2%0.2 %2United Socialist Party(USP)147

0.2%0.2 %3Botswana Peoples Party(BPP)148

-0.0 %0Social Democratic Party (SDP)149

-0.0 %0Kgarametsa One Time150

-0.0 %0Other995

4.2%4.2 %51Would not vote997

2.2%2.2 %26Refused998

5.8%5.8 %70Don't know999


280.74142.00247.06999.00140.0001200

Q100. Perceived survey sponsorQ100



-0.0 %0Missing-1

0.2%0.2 %3No one0

48.8%48.8 %586Government (general)1

0.5%0.5 %6National/ federal government2

- 111 -

- Study 22021 -


-0.0 %0Provincial/ regional government3

0.3%0.3 %4Local government4

7.8%7.8 %94President/PM's office5

2.3%2.3 %28Parliament/ National assembly6

1.8%1.8 %21Government census/ statistics office7

0.2%0.2 %2National Intelligence/ Secret Service8

1.0%1.0 %12Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry9

0.1%0.1 %1Tax or Finance Dept./Ministry10

0.5%0.5 %6Health Dept./Ministry11

0.2%0.2 %3Other government dept./ministry12

0.5%0.5 %6Constitutional Commission13

0.3%0.3 %4Electoral Commission14

0.1%0.1 %1National Planning Commission15

-0.0 %0Public Utility Company16

0.6%0.6 %7NGO17

2.8%2.8 %33Political party/ politicians18

3.4%3.4 %41Research company/org. (AB natl. partner)19

0.1%0.1 %1Newspapers/ Media20

13.1%13.1 %157University/ School/ College21

1.3%1.3 %16Private company22

0.1%0.1 %1International Organization23

-0.0 %0God or a religious organization24

-0.0 %0Other995

0.1%0.1 %1Refused998

13.8%13.8 %166Don't know999


343.665.00144.83999.000.0001200

Length of interviewLENGTH



-0.0 %0Missing-1

0.2%0.2 %3-20

0.2%0.2 %2-21

0.1%0.1 %1-22

0.8%0.8 %9-23

0.3%0.3 %4-24

0.8%0.8 %9-25

- 112 -

- Study 22021 -


0.3%0.3 %4-26

1.2%1.2 %14-27

0.9%0.9 %11-28

1.4%1.4 %17-29

3.0%3.0 %36-30

1.2%1.2 %15-31

1.9%1.9 %23-32

2.2%2.2 %26-33

2.3%2.3 %28-34

3.8%3.8 %46-35

3.3%3.3 %40-36

2.5%2.5 %30-37

2.4%2.4 %29-38

2.3%2.3 %28-39

5.0%5.0 %60-40

2.8%2.8 %34-41

4.8%4.8 %57-42

3.8%3.8 %46-43

3.9%3.9 %47-44

6.1%6.1 %73-45

2.9%2.9 %35-46

3.3%3.3 %40-47

4.0%4.0 %48-48

2.6%2.6 %31-49

4.0%4.0 %48-50

2.6%2.6 %31-51

1.6%1.6 %19-52

1.9%1.9 %23-53

1.6%1.6 %19-54

3.2%3.2 %38-55

1.1%1.1 %13-56

1.7%1.7 %20-57

1.5%1.5 %18-58

0.8%0.8 %9-59

1.9%1.9 %23-60

0.7%0.7 %8-61

0.8%0.8 %9-62

0.5%0.5 %6-63

0.8%0.8 %9-64

1.0%1.0 %12-65

0.2%0.2 %2-66

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0.3%0.3 %4-67

0.4%0.4 %5-68

0.7%0.7 %8-69

0.2%0.2 %3-70

0.2%0.2 %3-72

0.4%0.4 %5-73

0.1%0.1 %1-74

0.2%0.2 %3-75

0.1%0.1 %1-76

0.2%0.2 %3-77

0.2%0.2 %2-79

0.1%0.1 %1-80

0.1%0.1 %1-83

0.2%0.2 %2-86

0.1%0.1 %1-87

0.1%0.1 %1-88

0.1%0.1 %1-93

0.1%0.1 %1-99

0.1%0.1 %1-110


11.2244.0044.81110.0020.0001200

Q101. Gender of respondentQ101




50.1%50.1 %601Male1

49.9%49.9 %599Female2


0.501.001.502.001.0001200

Q102. Race of respondent.Q102




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99.6%99.6 %1195Black/African1

-0.0 %0White/European2

0.2%0.2 %3Coloured/Mixed Race3

0.2%0.2 %2Arab/Lebanese/North African4

-0.0 %0South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.)5

-0.0 %0East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.)6

-0.0 %0Other95


0.161.001.014.001.0001200

Q103. Language of interviewQ103



-0.0 %0Missing-1

8.8%8.8 %106English1

-0.0 %03.0000003

-0.0 %04.0000004

91.2%91.2 %1094Setswana140

-0.0 %0995.000000995


39.46140.00127.72140.001.0001200

Q104. Others presentQ104




56.4%56.4 %677No one1

5.4%5.4 %65Spouse2

13.3%13.3 %160Children Only3

22.3%22.3 %268A few others4

2.5%2.5 %30Small crowd5


1.351.002.095.001.0001200

Q105a. Check with othersQ105A

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92.1%92.1 %1105No0

7.9%7.9 %95Yes1


0.270.000.081.000.0001200

Q105b. Influence by othersQ105B




93.7%93.7 %1124No0

6.3%6.3 %76Yes1


0.240.000.061.000.0001200

Q105c. Approached by community/ party representativesQ105C




99.2%99.2 %1191No0

0.8%0.8 %9Yes1


0.090.000.011.000.0001200

Q105d. Feel threatenedQ105D




99.7%99.7 %1196No0

0.3%0.3 %4Yes1

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0.060.000.001.000.0001200

Q105e. Physically threatenedQ105E




99.9%99.9 %1199No0

0.1%0.1 %1Yes1


0.030.000.001.000.0001200

Q106. Proportion difficulty answeringQ106



-0.0 %0Missing-1

85.2%85.2 %1022None0

11.8%11.8 %142Few1

1.8%1.8 %21Some2

1.1%1.1 %13Most3

0.2%0.2 %2All4


0.530.000.194.000.0001200

Q107a. Trouble answering - first responseQ107A



91.8%91.8 %1101000

0.1%0.1 %1001

0.1%0.1 %1004

0.2%0.2 %3010

0.1%0.1 %1012

0.1%0.1 %1013

0.1%0.1 %1028

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0.1%0.1 %1032

4.0%4.0 %48034

0.7%0.7 %8035

0.1%0.1 %1040

0.5%0.5 %6043

0.3%0.3 %4044

0.2%0.2 %2046

0.2%0.2 %3052

0.2%0.2 %3053

0.1%0.1 %1054

0.2%0.2 %2055

0.2%0.2 %2056

0.1%0.1 %1070

0.1%0.1 %1081

0.2%0.2 %2082

0.2%0.2 %3083

0.2%0.2 %2086

0.1%0.1 %1099



Q107b. Trouble answering - second responseQ107B



94.5%94.5 %1134000

0.1%0.1 %1006

0.2%0.2 %3011

0.1%0.1 %1032

0.1%0.1 %1034

1.1%1.1 %13035

0.1%0.1 %1036

0.5%0.5 %6037

0.1%0.1 %1040

0.1%0.1 %1041

0.2%0.2 %2043

0.6%0.6 %7044

0.2%0.2 %2045

0.1%0.1 %1046

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0.1%0.1 %1047

0.2%0.2 %2050

0.1%0.1 %1051

0.1%0.1 %1052

0.1%0.1 %1053

0.1%0.1 %1054

0.2%0.2 %3055

0.1%0.1 %1057

0.2%0.2 %2058

0.1%0.1 %1066

0.2%0.2 %3070

0.1%0.1 %1075

0.1%0.1 %1082

0.2%0.2 %2083

0.1%0.1 %1084

0.1%0.1 %1098

0.2%0.2 %3099



Q107c. Trouble answering - third responseQ107C



96.4%96.4 %1157000

0.1%0.1 %1001

0.1%0.1 %1006

0.1%0.1 %1007

0.1%0.1 %1010

0.1%0.1 %1034

0.2%0.2 %2036

0.3%0.3 %4037

0.1%0.1 %1041

0.3%0.3 %4044

0.5%0.5 %6046

0.1%0.1 %1047

0.1%0.1 %1051

0.1%0.1 %1055

0.2%0.2 %3056

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0.1%0.1 %1057

0.1%0.1 %1062

0.1%0.1 %1067

0.1%0.1 %1075

0.2%0.2 %2080

0.2%0.2 %2082

0.1%0.1 %1084

0.1%0.1 %1088

0.1%0.1 %1089

0.1%0.1 %1090

0.1%0.1 %1095

0.1%0.1 %1099

0.1%0.1 %1100



Q108a. Respondent friendlyQ108A




91.5%91.5 %1098Friendly1

8.0%8.0 %96In between2

0.5%0.5 %6Hostile3


0.301.001.093.001.0001200

Q108b. Respondent interestedQ108B




85.1%85.1 %1021Interested1

13.1%13.1 %157In between2

1.8%1.8 %22Bored3


0.421.001.173.001.0001200

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Q108c. Respondent cooperativeQ108C




88.4%88.4 %1061Cooperative1

11.2%11.2 %135In between2

0.3%0.3 %4Uncooperative3


0.331.001.123.001.0001200

Q108d. Respondent patientQ108D




79.9%79.9 %959Patient1

15.2%15.2 %183In between2

4.8%4.8 %58Impatient3


0.531.001.253.001.0001200

Q108e. Respondent at easeQ108E




80.2%80.2 %963At ease1

16.0%16.0 %192In between2

3.8%3.8 %45Suspicious3


0.501.001.243.001.0001200

Q108f. Respondent honestQ108F


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discreteInterval:



80.2%80.2 %963Honest1

18.5%18.5 %222In between2

1.2%1.2 %15Misleading3


0.441.001.213.001.0001200

Q110. Interviewer's numberQ110



3.8%3.8 %46BOT01

3.5%3.5 %42BOT02

4.8%4.8 %57BOT03

4.2%4.2 %50BOT04

3.5%3.5 %42BOT05

4.5%4.5 %54BOT06

4.5%4.5 %54BOT07

4.2%4.2 %50BOT08

4.2%4.2 %50BOT09

4.8%4.8 %57BOT10

3.8%3.8 %46BOT11

4.4%4.4 %53BOT12

3.8%3.8 %46BOT13

4.5%4.5 %54BOT14

3.8%3.8 %45BOT15

4.5%4.5 %54BOT16

4.8%4.8 %57BOT17

4.4%4.4 %53BOT18

3.5%3.5 %42BOT19

3.8%3.8 %46BOT20

4.3%4.3 %52BOT21

4.5%4.5 %54BOT22

3.5%3.5 %42BOT23

4.5%4.5 %54BOT24



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Q111. Interviewer's ageQ111




38.8%38.8 %465-23

16.2%16.2 %195-24

21.8%21.8 %262-25

3.8%3.8 %45-26

4.4%4.4 %53-27

11.2%11.2 %134-28

3.8%3.8 %46-29


1.8624.0024.6829.0023.0001200

Q112. Interviewer's genderQ112




49.9%49.9 %599Male1

50.1%50.1 %601Female2


0.502.001.502.001.0001200

Q113. Interviewer urban or ruralQ113




83.5%83.5 %1002Rural1

16.5%16.5 %198Urban2


0.371.001.172.001.0001200

Q114. Interviewer's home languageQ114

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-0.0 %0Missing-1

-0.0 %0English1

69.1%69.1 %829Setswana140

-0.0 %0Sesarwa141

-0.0 %0Sekgaladi142

-0.0 %0Sesobea143

14.7%14.7 %176Sekalanga144

4.5%4.5 %54Seherero145

-0.0 %0Sembukushu146

11.8%11.8 %141Sebirwa147

-0.0 %0Sengologa148

-0.0 %0Seyei149

-0.0 %0Other995


2.56140.00141.63147.00140.0001200

Q115. Interviewer's educationQ115



-0.0 %0Missing-1

-0.0 %0Primary school completed3

-0.0 %0Some secondary/high scl4

3.5%3.5 %42High school completed5

8.6%8.6 %103Post secondary qualifications (not university )6

34.1%34.1 %409Some university7

53.8%53.8 %646University completed8

-0.0 %0Post graduate9


0.798.007.388.005.0001200

Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EAQ116A


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81.5%81.5 %978No0

18.4%18.4 %221Yes1

0.1%0.1 %1Can't determine9


0.460.000.199.000.0001200

Q116b. School in the PSU/EAQ116B




46.1%46.1 %553No0

53.8%53.8 %646Yes1



0.561.000.559.000.0001200

Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EAQ116C




88.1%88.1 %1057No0

11.8%11.8 %142Yes1



0.410.000.139.000.0001200

Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EAQ116D




23.5%23.5 %282No0

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76.4%76.4 %917Yes1



0.491.000.779.000.0001200

Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EAQ116E




12.2%12.2 %147No0

87.4%87.4 %1049Yes1



0.571.000.909.000.0001200

Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EAQ116F




71.5%71.5 %858No0

22.2%22.2 %267Yes1



2.160.000.799.000.0001200

Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EAQ116G




64.8%64.8 %777No0

35.2%35.2 %423Yes1

-0.0 %0Can't determine9

- 126 -

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0.480.000.351.000.0001200

Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EAQ116H




44.0%44.0 %528No0

56.0%56.0 %672Yes1



0.501.000.561.000.0001200

Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EAQ116I




50.7%50.7 %608No0

49.3%49.3 %592Yes1



0.500.000.491.000.0001200

Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EAQ116J




74.9%74.9 %899No0

25.1%25.1 %301Yes1



0.430.000.251.000.0001200

Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EAQ116K

- 127 -

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45.3%45.3 %544No0

54.7%54.7 %656Yes1



0.501.000.551.000.0001200

Q117a. Police in the PSU/EAQ117A




68.3%68.3 %820No0

31.7%31.7 %380Yes1



0.470.000.321.000.0001200

Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQQ117B




90.5%90.5 %1086No0

9.5%9.5 %114Yes1



0.290.000.101.000.0001200

Q118. Tarred/ paved roadQ118


- 128 -

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54.3%54.3 %652No0

45.7%45.7 %548Yes1


0.500.000.461.000.0001200

Date of interviewDATEINTR



7.3%7.3 %8801-JUN-2005

10.0%10.0 %12002-JUN-2005

8.7%8.7 %10403-JUN-2005

7.3%7.3 %8804-JUN-2005

6.7%6.7 %8005-JUN-2005

9.3%9.3 %11206-JUN-2005

8.0%8.0 %9607-JUN-2005

6.0%6.0 %7208-JUN-2005

2.7%2.7 %3209-JUN-2005

0.7%0.7 %810-JUN-2005

1.3%1.3 %1611-JUN-2005

0.7%0.7 %812-JUN-2005

8.0%8.0 %9628-MAY-2005

10.0%10.0 %12029-MAY-2005

8.0%8.0 %9630-MAY-2005

5.3%5.3 %6431-MAY-2005



Time interview startedSTRTIME




Time interview endedENDTIME


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character (ISO)Variable Type:discreteInterval:



- 130 -

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icpsr 22021 afrobarometerround3:the qualityofdemocracyand … · 2021. 6. 23. · processing notes...

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