Sui, Tang, and Sui, Tang, and SongSong

SuiSui

Wendi unites N and S ChinaWendi unites N and S China Restores strong central gov’tRestores strong central gov’t China enters Golden AgeChina enters Golden Age

Sui Dynasty (581-618)Sui Dynasty (581-618)

Wendi = 1Wendi = 1stst Emporer Emporer Completed Grand Completed Grand

CanalCanal Connects Huang He Connects Huang He

and Chang Jiangand Chang Jiang Trade b/w N and STrade b/w N and S 1 million peasants 1 million peasants

worked on worked on 1/2 died1/2 died

Sui Sui

Continued work on Great WallContinued work on Great Wall

These labor projects These labor projects Make peasants Make peasants mad mad Overworked, overtaxed Overworked, overtaxed

RevoltedRevolted

Tang Dynasty (618-907)Tang Dynasty (618-907)

Tang TaizongTang Taizong Empire expandedEmpire expanded Reconquered LandsReconquered Lands

N and W (Lands they lost)N and W (Lands they lost)

Extended to KoreaExtended to Korea

Wu Zhao (Tang)Wu Zhao (Tang)

After TaizongAfter Taizong Empress that held Empress that held

real powerreal power Took title of EmperorTook title of Emperor

Only woman to do so Only woman to do so in Chinain China

TangTang

Extend roadsExtend roads Promoted foreign tradePromoted foreign trade Improved agricultureImproved agriculture

Tang restore BureaucracyTang restore Bureaucracy

Expanded civil service testing systemExpanded civil service testing system Few who passed became elitesFew who passed became elites Only wealthy could afford educationOnly wealthy could afford education If connected politically If connected politically Didn’t need to Didn’t need to

take teststake tests Despite that…Still good governing classDespite that…Still good governing class Edu Edu Even more important Even more important

Tang Lose PowerTang Lose Power

Raised taxes in mid 700’sRaised taxes in mid 700’s Struggle to control huge empireStruggle to control huge empire Muslims defeat in WestMuslims defeat in West China loses Central AsiaChina loses Central Asia 907- Chinese rebels sacked and burned 907- Chinese rebels sacked and burned

Tang capitalTang capital

Song Dynasty (960-1279)Song Dynasty (960-1279)

Taizu reunites ChinaTaizu reunites China Remained powerful, stable and Remained powerful, stable and

prosperousprosperous Try to buy peace with neighborsTry to buy peace with neighbors 1100’s – Manchurians (Jurchen) 1100’s – Manchurians (Jurchen)

establish Jin Empire in Northestablish Jin Empire in North Force Song to retreat south across Huang Force Song to retreat south across Huang

HeHe

Song (Economic Growth)Song (Economic Growth)

Trade with Chinese in NorthTrade with Chinese in North Trade with Central AsiaTrade with Central Asia Trade with Western Asia and EuropeTrade with Western Asia and Europe

Prosperity and Prosperity and Innovation (Tang and Innovation (Tang and Song)Song) Pop = 100 millionPop = 100 million 10 cities with 1 million 10 cities with 1 million

Now, about 1.3 BillionNow, about 1.3 Billion Now, USA has 9 cities over 1 millionNow, USA has 9 cities over 1 million

Science (Tang and Song)Science (Tang and Song)

Movable TypeMovable Type Leads to…Leads to… More EDUCATIONMore EDUCATION

Other Inventions (Tang Other Inventions (Tang and Song)and Song)

GunpowderGunpowder PorcelainPorcelain Mechanical ClocksMechanical Clocks Paper MoneyPaper Money Magnetic CompassesMagnetic Compasses MathMath

Trade Improves (Tang Trade Improves (Tang and Song)and Song)

Ocean TradeOcean Trade Sailing technologySailing technology

Up and down Chinese CoastUp and down Chinese Coast IndiaIndia Persian GulfPersian Gulf AfricaAfrica

Culture (Religions) Culture (Religions) SpreadsSpreads

BuddhismBuddhism IslamIslam ChristianityChristianity

Changes in SocietyChanges in Society

More MobileMore Mobile Moved to citiesMoved to cities Civil Service System increases even moreCivil Service System increases even more

Levels of SocietyLevels of Society

Larger Upper Class emergesLarger Upper Class emerges Scholar officialsScholar officials

GentryGentry – Well to do people attained – Well to do people attained status through education and civil service status through education and civil service positionspositions

Below Gentry Below Gentry Urban Middle ClassUrban Middle Class Merchants, Artisans, ShopkeepersMerchants, Artisans, Shopkeepers

Society (Cont’d)Society (Cont’d)

Below Urban Middle Class Below Urban Middle Class Bottom of Bottom of SocietySociety Laborers, Soldiers, servantsLaborers, Soldiers, servants

Countryside = PeasantsCountryside = Peasants

Women (Tang and Song)Women (Tang and Song)

Status further declinedStatus further declined Ex. Binding feet of upper-class girlsEx. Binding feet of upper-class girls

Crippled for life, but beautiful Crippled for life, but beautiful ““Lily-foot”Lily-foot”