STRESS and TRAUMAThe role of yoga, meditation, mindfulness in the healing process.

“Nature has instilled in all animals, including humans, a nervous system capable of restoring equilibrium. When

self-regulating function is blocked or disturbed, trauma

symptoms develop...”Peter Levine

(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)

(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)

Common feature shared by all ptsd syndromes

Fatigue, fainting

Shortness of breath,

Palpitations,

Headache, dizziness,

Excessive sweating,

Disturbed sleep,

Difficulty in concentration

Forgetfulness

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Stress Hormone Systems

•Norepinephrine – “revving up” hormone

•Cortisol – “quieting down” hormone

•Both hormones are released in response to stress. They are normally in balance.

(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)

Structural changes

Lower average volume in the hippocampal region

Structural changes in the amygdale

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HPA Axis Alterations

PTSD Major Depression

Cortisol levels Low High

Glucocorticoid receptors Increased Decreased

Dexamethasone Hypersuppression Nonsuppression

Negative feedback Stronger Weaker

CSF CRF levels Increased Increased

Avoidance is one of the main symptoms of PTSD, and it can take years to seek help.

TREATMENT

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Treatment Components

Coping skillsMedicationPsychotherapyAlternative therapies

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Alternative therapies

Art therapy

Somatic therapies/bodywork

Acupuncture

Yoga

Tai Chi

Religious/spiritual practices

Virtual reality