stress and frustration by jerry (group 2)

Gerardo O. Guevara, Jr.

CAUSES OF STRESS

Organizational factors

– Discrimination in pay/salary structure– Strict rules and regulations– Ineffective communication– Peer pressure– Goals conflicts/goals ambiguity– More of centralized and formal organization structure– Less promotional opportunities– Lack of employees participation in decision-making– Excessive control over the employees by the managers

Individual Factors

There are various expectations which the family members, peer, superior and subordinates have from the employee.

Failure to understand such expectations or to convey such expectations lead to role ambiguity/role conflict which in turn causes employee stress.

Individual Factors

Other individual factors causing stress among employees are inherent personality traits such as being impatient, aggressive, rigid, feeling time pressure always, etc. Similarly, the family issues, personal financial problems, sudden career changes all lead to stress.

Job Concerning Factors

– Monotonous nature of job– Unsafe and unhealthy working conditions– Lack of confidentiality– Crowding

WHAT IS STRESS

STRESS

STRESS is the way we react, physically and emotionally, to change. Stress is a general term we apply to the pressures we feel in our lives and it is the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment.

STRESS is an unavoidable fact of life.

STRESS

Stress is a person’s adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on that person.

WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF STRESS?

POSITIVE STRESS

When we experienced positive stress, we tend to feel:

Better focused Energized Motivated Aware of Options Challenge rather than intimidated

POSITIVE STRESS

Positive Stress can help us concentrate and focus.

When positive stress enhances our individual or group performance, it is termed FUNCTIONAL STRESS.

NEGATIVE STRESS

Stress may also become a negative force in our lives.

High stress may be dysfunctional.

NEGATIVE STRESS

With negative stress one tends to feel: Tense Anxious Angry or depressed Withdrawing from or lashing out at others Frustrated

HOW DOES A PERSON REACT TO STRESS?


Avoid. We can attempt to ignore a stressful situation and hope that whatever is causing stress, will go away. A common avoidance technique is reliance on alcohol or drugs. This behavior soon becomes destructive to the individual and the situation.


Resist. We can fight stress. If the stress is coming from our boss, co-workers, or spouse, we can view stress as an assault by an external source and fight it. This is really a defensive response and often makes the stress worse.


Confront/ Adapt. We can work to identify the real cause of our stress and eliminate it.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

PERCEPTION

An individual’s perception of a situation will influence the level of stress. To the individual, his or her perception of reality is reality.

PERCEPTION

Perception then will moderate the relationship between a potentially stressful condition and an individual’s reaction to it

LOCUS OF CONTROL

Locus of Control is a personality attribute.

People with a high external locus of control believe that their lives are controlled by outside forces.

LOCUS OF CONTROL

Those with a high internal locus of control believe that they control their own destiny.

The internals act to take control of the event, while the externals are likely to blame others and their environment and become defensive; because they are more likely to feel victimized in the stressful situations.

JOB EXPERIENCE

The greater the job experience, the more comfortable the employee becomes with the environment of the work situation and with fellow employees.

With this gain in job experience, stress is reduced or disappears.

SOCIAL SUPPORT

Social support systems moderate the negative effects of stress. Involvement with family, friends, associates and the community can provide the support against stress.

EFFECTS OF STRESS

Physiological Stress

Doctors estimate that 75 percent of all medical complaints are stress-related:

Insomnia, sleep disorders, muscle aches, high blood pressure, heart attack, etc.

Psychological Stress

Job dissatisfaction is the simplest and most obvious psychological effect of stress.

Jobs providing low level of variety, significance, autonomy, feedback and identity to employees create stress & reduce satisfaction and involvement in the job.

Behavioral Stress

Behaviorally related stress in the workplace may cause changes in productivity, absenteeism & turnover.

This may result in changes in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of alcohol, hurried speech, nervousness and sleep disorders.

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

Establish Personal Priorities

Establishing an objective means for evaluating time demands and give a basis for saying ‘no’ to demands that conflict with priorities.

Physical Exercise

To deal with excessive level of stress, walking, jogging, swimming and riding a bicycle are recommended.

Departure from work environment provides a mental and physical diversion from work pressure.

Time Management

A good time management system allows you to keep track of appointments and to organize important aspects of your life.

Delegate those tasks to others that they are capable of doing.

Relaxation

Relaxation stimulates the body’s parasympathetic nervous system, which controls stress responses like respiration, heart rate and digestion.

RELAXATION PROGRAMS

Concentration- Focusing

Deep Breathing Progressive Muscle

relaxation Gentle Muscle

Stretching

Visualization/ Imagery Music Therapy Social Support Adequate rest Pets

FRUSTRATION

FRUSTRATION

Frustration is a common emotional response to opposition.

Related to anger and disappointment, it arises from the perceived resistance to the fulfillment of individual will.

Reactions of Frustration

Frustration leads to some sort of negative emotional state. Two important properties are that the emotions are aversive, and that it produces or results in increased physiological arousal. The aversive nature means that the individual will be highly motivated or reduced in it.

Effects of Organizational Frustration

Emotional response of anger and associated increased physiological arousal, and the behavioral responses of trying alternative course of action, aggression, and withdrawal. To the extent that it interferes with or blocks task performance, frustration can be directly harmful to organizations.


Frustration can increase task speed with no additional errors for simple task, but interferes with correct performance on complex tasks.


Aggression in organizations can take many forms. It can be directed covertly against the source of frustration (if a person) either verbally or physically. It can also be directed covertly against a person; that is, an individual can secretly perform behaviors which can hurt another person. Aggression can also be directed against the organization itself. The organizational aggression could be overt to covert.


Finally, frustration can lead a person to try alternative courses of action to achieve goals or fulfill needs. In fact mild frustrations, which interfere rather than block can add challenge and include greater overall effort. Thus organizational frustration might have positive, motivating effects.

stress and frustration by jerry (group 2)

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