stefan reimann, empa, switzerland ground-based networks for measuring ozone- and climate-related...
TRANSCRIPT
Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland
Ground-based Networks for Measuring Ozone- and Climate-Related Trace Gases
Cape Matatula, Am. Samoa
Cape Grim, Tasmania
Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)
FTIR network
Results of NDACC
Provided by E. Mahieu,University of Liège
in-situ Measurements NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
NOAA/ESRL Halocarbon Surface and Aircraft
Sampling Network
AGAGEContinuous Halocarbon in-situ
Sampling Network
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents
Global emission:12-box model
Concentrations
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents
Emissions
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
NOAAAGAGE
Emissions with Lifetime = 26 yr
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue
Emissions derived from measurements
Potential Emissions =Production – Feedstock
Emissions derived from UNEP reporting
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue
Possible reasons for the discrepancy:1. Emissions from production/feedstock/destruction?2. Emissions from old industrial sites/landfills?3. Estimated atmospheric lifetime (26 yr) too small?
UNEP emissions
1600 railway freight carsemitted per year
Emissions (T=26 yr)
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
0
1
2
3
4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
An
nu
al e
mis
sio
ns
[Gg
]
Mix
ing
rat
io [p
pt]
Date [years]
Firn reconstruction, NH
Cape Grim, SH
Cape Grim fit
Global emissions
Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014
Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances
chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-112
Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014
Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances
chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-113a
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 2012
An
nu
al e
mis
sio
ns
[Gg
]
Mix
ing
ratio
[ppt
]
Date [years]Concentrations: very low, partly increasingEmissions: low, partly increasing
“New” ODSs:
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
Results of ground-based in-situ networks for ozone-depleting substances
Concentrations Emissions
Concentrations: still increasingEmissions: total ~stable
HFCF-141b reincreasing?
HCFCs:
Results of ground-based in-situ networks Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Concentrations Emissions
Concentrations: increasingEmissions: increasing
HFCs:
Ground-based Continuous Networks
Column measurements: NDACC
In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE
Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks
CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions
CCl4: sources and sinks: an update
“new” CFCs
HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions
climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds
Overview
Emissions as CO2-Equivalents:Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs
Emissions as CO2-Equivalents:Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs
Proposal to amend the Montreal Protocol to include HFCs
http://ozone.unep.org/Meeting_Documents/mop/22mop/MOP-22-5E.pdf
• Long-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are mainly behaving as expected
• CCl4 sources estimated from measurements are higher than reconciled by inventories
• New ODSs have been detected in the atmosphere, but their influence on stratospheric ozone is still negligible
• HFCs as replacement compounds are increasing and CO2 equivalent emissions are similar to CFCs and HCFCs
• Continuous measurements of ozone-depleting substances are needed to check trends and compliance with international Protocols
Conclusions
Contributions from:NOAA(ESRL)
AGAGEBradley Hall (NOAA)
Emmanuel Mahieu (Uni. Liège)Johannes Laube (UEA)
Thank you for your attention!