status and roadmap vehicle emission standard - clean air...
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Status and RoadmapVehicle Emission StandardSupporting the Implementation and Advancement of Vehicle Emission Policies in Southeast AsiaFebruary 23-24, 2016, Opal Room, Crowne Plaza Ortigas Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Ahmad Safrudin• Executive Director KPBB• Secretary for Working Group of Vehicular Emissions Standard Development – Ministry of Environment
Republic of Indonesia
KPBBSarinah Building 12th Floor, Jalan MH Thamrin # 11 Jakarta Indonesia 10350Phone: +62-21-3190 6807 Fax: +62-21-315 3401e-mail: [email protected], www.kpbb.org
Outline
• Background
– Air Quality
– Vehicular Emission Reduction Strategy
– Fuel Quality
• Cost Effective of Emission Reduction
• Roadmap Low Emission Vehicle
• Conclusion
Air Pollution and Its Health EffectCase: Jakarta - 2010
• Total population of Jakarta is 9,607,787• 57.8% of the Jakarta population were suffered by
various air pollution-related diseases : – 1,210,581 people suffered by asthmatic
bronchiale (compared with 500,000 population founded by Ostro 1994);
– 173,487 people with bronchopneumonia; – 2,449,986 with ARI; – 336,273 people with pneumonia; – 153,724 people with COPD, and; – 1,246,130 people with coronary artery diseases.
• Total direct health cost IDR 38.5 trillions ~ USD 3.1 billions
Bandung Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar
Maksimum 23.08 21.71 20.88 48.93 10.32 45.00 23.25 26.38 11.52 7.13 14.74 14.29
Mean 11.88 13.54 11.96 13.48 4.77 18.60 14.49 16.40 6.16 3.76 9.44 6.35
Minimum 3.79 7.54 1.36 3.51 0.42 6.72 2.12 7.03 3.73 0.98 3.44 1.55
Bandung Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar
Maksimum 53.2 73.3 50.1 61.1 25.9 148.6 618.4 51.3 25.4 15.8 31.4 35.5
Mean 33.4 46.4 26.0 22.9 12.1 60.8 54.5 29.9 14.7 9.6 22.5 17.5
Minimum 15.9 27.0 4.4 5.9 6.4 16.7 9.0 13.5 8.4 4.4 7.4 8.3
Bandung Jakarta Serpong Yogyakarta Palangkaraya Pekanbaru Semarang Surabaya Ambon Jayapura Bali Makassar
Maksimum 4.85 4.72 3.32 4.31 2.47 4.33 6.17 5.69 2.44 1.82 3.56 3.22
Mean 2.87 3.20 2.21 2.70 1.20 3.04 2.93 3.39 1.79 0.58 2.29 1.83
Minimum 1.16 0.00 0.42 0.64 0.09 1.14 0.38 1.65 1.06 0.17 1.04 0.44
Vehicular Emission Reduction Strategy
Air Pollution and GHG Control
Vehicular Emissions
Driving Behaviour Using of Vehicle Speed
Fuel Quality
•Lower Emission V ehicle•Fuel Economy Vehicle•I/M•Engine Charateristic
Vehicle Technology
Traffic and Transport Management
Emissions Standard
Law Enforcement
TDM
Mass Public Transport
ERP Parking Management
Eco-drivingEco-riding
Mass Public Transport and NMT
•ULG•Low Sulfur Fuels•Clean & Renewable Fuels•Fuel Economy
Green Freight and
Logistic
Vehicular emission control would be implemented as holistic approach: clean fuel/low sulfur fuel, vehicle technology, traffic management, and enforcement.
Gasoline - Series RON
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
AM
BO
N
BA
LIK
PA
PA
N
BA
ND
A A
CEH
BA
ND
AR
LA
MP
UN
G
BA
ND
UN
G
BA
NJA
RM
ASI
N
BEK
ASI
BEN
GK
ULU
BO
GO
R
DEN
PA
SAR
DEP
OK
GO
RO
NTA
LO
JAK
AR
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AR
AT
JAK
AR
TA P
USA
T
JAK
AR
TA S
ELA
TAN
JAK
AR
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IMU
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JAK
AR
TA U
TAR
A
JAM
BI
JAYA
PU
RA
JAYA
PU
RA
KEN
DA
RI
KO
TA B
ATA
M
KU
PA
NG
KU
PA
NG
MA
KA
SSA
R
MA
LAN
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MA
MU
JU
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NA
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NO
KW
AR
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TAR
AM
MED
AN
PA
DA
NG
PA
LAN
GK
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PA
LEM
BA
NG
PA
LU
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NG
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L P
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NG
PEK
AN
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RU
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AR
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A
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AR
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ON
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AB
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TAN
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AN
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TAN
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YOG
YAK
AR
TA
Chart Title
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012
Gasoline - Series Sulfur
0
100
200
300
400
500
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AM
BO
N
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LIK
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PA
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BA
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A A
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AR
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MP
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G
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ND
UN
G
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NJA
RM
ASI
N
BEK
ASI
BEN
GK
ULU
BO
GO
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DEN
PA
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DEP
OK
GO
RO
NTA
LO
JAK
AR
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AR
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JAK
AR
TA P
USA
T
JAK
AR
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TAN
JAK
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R
JAK
AR
TA U
TAR
A
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BI
JAYA
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TA B
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M
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MU
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NA
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NO
KW
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MA
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AN
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DA
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PA
LAN
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PA
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PA
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NG
PEK
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AN
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NG
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2005
2006
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2008
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2011
2012
Diesel Fuel 48 - Series Cetane Index
0
10
20
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AM
BO
N
BA
LIK
PA
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N
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ND
A A
CEH
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UN
G
BA
ND
UN
G
BA
NJA
RM
ASI
N
BEK
ASI
BEN
GK
ULU
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GO
R
DEN
PA
SAR
DEP
OK
GO
RO
NTA
LO
JAK
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JAK
AR
TA P
USA
T
JAK
AR
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ELA
TAN
JAK
AR
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IMU
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JAK
AR
TA U
TAR
A
JAM
BI
JAYA
PU
RA
JAYA
PU
RA
KEN
DA
RI
KO
TA B
ATA
M
KU
PA
NG
KU
PA
NG
MA
KA
SSA
R
MA
LAN
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MA
MU
JU
MA
NA
DO
MA
NO
KW
AR
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MA
TAR
AM
MED
AN
PA
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NG
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LAN
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NG
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LU
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NG
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L P
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PEK
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AN
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2005
2006
2007
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2010
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2012
Standar Nasional
Diesel Fuel 48 - Series Sulfur
0
500
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AM
BO
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UN
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UN
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BEN
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GO
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USA
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AR
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JAK
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JAYA
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JAYA
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DA
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2005
2006
2007
2008
2010
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2012
Standar
Nasional
Euro 4 Standard
9588
3-7
2939
10
1,00
5,91
4,91
2,47
1,47 1,00
200
10
Gap
190
RU5 Euro4
Able to be fulfilled BY the arrangement of
the MOGAS blending conposition 1
Able to be fulfilled BY implementing
Treating Process Unit Technology
Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit which able to
reduce Sulfur content at the Heavy
Naphtha, would be processed further by
Platforming Unit 2
RON
Aromatic
Content
Benzene
Oxygenat
e
Sulphur
1. Cause increasing of excess naphtha 5 MBSD, currently excess Naphtha is exported to RU VI Balongan with total 20 MBSD.
2. Light Naphtha could not be the feed for unit NHT, and share the majority Sulfur on MOGAs blending.
Regular GasolineVS Gasoline Spec for Euro 4 Standard
Gap
Source: Pertamina, processing 2015
91-
Diesel Stripper Product (HCU) & LGO
(CDU V) is comply to Euro 4 Spec
Able to be improved by implementing
Treating Process Unit Technology.
Sulphur
Density at
15 oC
Rec.
95%v
1. Diesel Fuel Product at RU V is a blending among the components such as LGO & HGO (CDU IV & V), LVGO (HVU II & HVU III), and
Diesel Stripper (HCU)
Gap
50
2,000
1950
8338396
345375
30
Euro4
Able to be improved by managing the
operational arrangement and blending
component of Diesel Fuel.
Cetane
Number
48 5 53
Regular Diesel FuelVS Diesel Fuel Spec for Euro 4 Standard
Forecasting of Vehicle number 2030
Best method : ARIMA(1,2,1) Best method : ARIMA(1,2,1)
Error measure (RMSE) : 232634.60 Error measure (RMSE) : 176449.44
Best method : ARIMA(2,2,1) Best method : Double Exponential Smoothing
Error measure (RMSE) : 69296.34 Error measure (RMSE) : 787400.81
Total population: 19 million cars and 59 million of motor cycles, 2013
Cost Benefit and Effective2005-2030
Cost Benefit Cost Effective
• Implementing Emission Standard/Euro 4 by 2021 (Option 1) would be gain Total Economic Benefit IDR 1,970 T (health cost, production saving and fuel saving).
• Acceleration on implementing Euro 4 Standard by 2016 (Option 9) would be improve double Total Economic Benefit to be IDR 3,973 T and cut the cost of emissions reduction by 21.30%.
1. Current Vehicle Standard:• Euro 2 Standard for Car and Motor Cycle since 2007• Euro 3 Standard for Motor Cycle (August 2013)• Fuel Economy Standard (2013):
– 1 L for min 20 KM and or CO2 emission max 118 gr/KM => LCGC (Fiscal Incentive: Luxury Tax Exemption)– 1 L for 20 - 28 KM and or CO2 emission max 118 – 85 gr/KM => LCEV (Fiscal Incentive: Under Discussion)
2. Conformity of Production:• Annual evaluation mandatory to the emissions standard
3. Policy Dialog on Roadmap Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4:• High level meetings• Workshop Consultative meetings in the range on September – December 2013• Assessment “preparedness of domestic refineries to adopt low sulfur fuel for Euro 4 Standard by 2016
gradually”• Consensus and draft Regulation on Vehicle Emission Standard-Euro 4 Standard (big cities by 2016 and
national-wide 2018).
4. Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4 by 2016 Gradually:• Base on current capacity of domestic refinery • Start to supply fuels with appropriate quality to support implementation Euro 4 Standard in the big
cities (October 2016).
5. Signed MOU Pertamina with partners on Dec 2014:• US$ 25 Billions (Sinopec, JX Nippon Oil and Energy, Saudi Aramco)• 1,04 – 1,68 millions BBL/day of fuels for Euro 4 Standard or higher by 2019/2020.
Roadmap Low Emission Vehicle
Conclusion
• Air pollution is still threaten and suffer people especially in the urban areas with high density of traffic, with PM as dominant parameter.
• Fuel quality is still not comply to vehicle standard, especially Sulfur content .
• Need to improve fuel quality with lower Sulfur content, and other appropriate fuel properties to adopt lower emission standard-Euro 4.
• Consensus to implement Euro 4 Standard gradually would be started in big cities by October 2016, and nationally 2018.
• Acceleration program of Vehicle Emission Standard – Euro 4 by 2016 (from 2021/proposal of Ministry of Energy) would be gain double economic benefit (health cost, production saving and fuel saving).
Next Steps
1. Escort the availability of fuels which comply to the Euro 4 Standard of Vehicle (the status of low price of crudes is a opportunity).
2. Implement and enforce vehicle emission standard (Euro 4) refer to the approved timeline.
3. Continue to conduct the conformity of production (COP) as annual evaluation of the vehicle emission standard mandatory, and disclose the result.
4. Start to discuss the possibility Euro 6 Standard by 2021.5. Continue on assisting the new refinery design to be addressed to
produce fuels with spec for Euro 6 Standard by 2019/2020. 6. Continue the public campaign on clean fuel and vehicle.7. Continue to assist with the research, policy dialog, policy draft, as
legal drafting as integrated advocacy process.
Thank YouKPBB
Sarinah Building 12th Floor, Jalan MH Thamrin # 11 Jakarta Indonesia 10350
Phone: +62-21-3190 6807 Fax: +62-21-315 3401
e-mail: [email protected], www.kpbb.org
Skype: a_safrudin; [email protected]; 0816897959
HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU
BERPENGGERAK PENYALAAN CETUS API, KATEGORI M, TAHUN 2013
HASIL UJI EMISI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TIPE BARU BERPENGGERAK
PENYALAAN CETUS API, KATEGORI M KELAS II, TAHUN 2013