sustainability roadmap 2018-2019: zero emission vehicles · 2016 zero emission vehicle action plan...

Sustainability Roadmap 2018-2019: Zero Emission Vehicles Progress Report and Plan for Meeting the Governor's Sustainability Goals for California State Agencies

Department of Water Resources

Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor

December 2017

Department of Water Resources

Sustainability Roadmap 2018-2019:

Zero Emission Vehicles

Primary Author(s)

Mary Simmerer Brian Borlace

Staff Direct Manager Title

Brian Borlace

Chief, Mobile Equipment Operations

Fleet Management Branch

Executive Director

Karla Nemeth

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. i

List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... i

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................... iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Executive Order B-18-12 .............................................................................................................................. 3



2016 Zero Emission Vehicle Action Plan ................................................................................................. 4

AB 32 Scoping Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Public Resources Code §25722.8 ............................................................................................................... 4

State Administrative Manual & Management Memos ............................................................................ 4

DWR FLEET VEHICLES ...................................................................................................................................... 5

DWR Mission and Fleet ................................................................................................................................ 5

Incorporating ZEVs into the State Fleet ................................................................................................... 7

Telematics Plan .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Public Safety Exemption .............................................................................................................................. 9

ZEV INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................. 10

SUSTAINABILITY MILESTONES & TIMELINE ............................................................................................. 14

DEPARTMENT STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................................................. 15

LIST OF TABLES Page

Graph 1: Composition of DWR’s Light Duty Fleet ..................................................................................... 5

Table 1: Total Purchased Fuel 2016 .............................................................................................................. 6

Table 2: Mileage by Fuel Type 2016 .............................................................................................................. 6

Table 3: GHG Emissions for non SWP Facilities since 2010 mtCO2e ....................................................... 7

Graph 2: DWR Fleet Miles Traveled from 2010-2016 ................................................................................ 7

Table 3: Vehicles in DWR Fleet Currently Eligible for Replacement ...................................................... 9

Table 4: ZEV Additions to the DWR Fleet .................................................................................................... 9

Graph 3: Parking Facilities ........................................................................................................................... 10

ii

Graph 4: DWR Facility Parking by Type .................................................................................................... 11

Table 4: High Priority EVSE Projects .......................................................................................................... 11

iii

Acronyms

DGS Department of General Services

DWR Department of Water Resources

EO Executive Order

EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (charging equipment)

GHGe Greenhouse Gas Emissions

MM Management Memo

MPG Miles per Gallon

SAM State Administrative Manual

SWP State Water Project

ZEVs Zero Emission Vehicles

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DWR’s major responsibilities include Operating the State Water Project (SWP), overseeing the

statewide process of developing and updating the California Water Plan (Bulletin160 series);

protecting and restoring the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; regulating dams, providing flood

protection, assisting in emergency management; educating the public about the importance of

water and efficient management; and providing technical assistance to service local water

needs.

DWR also develops strategic goals, and near-term and long-term action plans to conserve,

manage, develop, and sustain California's watersheds, water resources, and management

systems. Further, DWR works to prevent and respond to floods, droughts, and catastrophic

events that would threaten public safety and property, water resources and their management

systems and the environment. Finally, DWR manages three visitor centers and various

recreational and camping facilities as part of its SWP recreational responsibilities. Due to the

nature and location of DWR’s work, DWR employees drive nine to thirteen million miles per

year on the job, frequently to remote locations. This makes Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVS) both

a challenge and a necessity.

ZEVs are a challenge for DWR as ZEVs do not yet have the mileage range for the long trips made

by DWR employees. In addition, the type of work frequently requires a heavy-duty vehicle. Of

the eight hundred and forty-six vehicles in DWR's 2016 fleet, only seventy-five are sedans or

less than one percent. The average mileage for the entire fleet in 2016 is seventeen and one-half

miles per gallon (MPG), which is below the state fleet average of nineteen point six MPG.

This means that ZEVs are also a necessity for DWR as the number of miles driven by DWR

employees accounts for over seventy to eighty percent of all DWR's non-State Water Project

(SWP) greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe). Currently, DWR is working on replacing its sedans with

ZEVs. Through 2016, DWR had thirty-seven ZEVs with an additional thirteen in 2017 purchased

in 2017 for a total of fifty or sixty seven percent of all DWR's sedans. However, the challenge

remains for the rest of DWR's fleet.

In addition to its ZEV efforts, DWR has also completed its assessments of its electric vehicle

charging station(EVSC) infrastructure. DWR has eleven EVSCs already installed with an

additional thirty-five planned for installation in fiscal year 2018/19. Still to be planned is the

need to install EVSCs at DWR's visitor centers and recreational facilities. DWR anticipates that

those plans will formulated once the fleet EVSCs are completed.

Despite these obstacles, DWR is meeting the yearly mandate as per Management memo 16-07

by replacing light duty fleet assets with zero emission vehicles and plug-in hybrids. DWR has

met and continues to meet the ZEV percentage requirements.

2

Karla Nemeth

Executive Director

3

SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

The Governor has directed California State Agencies to demonstrate sustainable operations and

to lead the way by implementing sustainability policies set by the state. Sustainability includes

the following general initiatives:

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions

Building Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

Water Efficiency and Conservation

Monitoring Based Building Commissioning (MBCx)

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP)

Financing for Sustainability

Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Fleet Purchases

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Monitoring and Executive Oversight

The Governor has issued numerous executive orders directing sustainable state operations. The

orders relevant to zero emission vehicles are:

Executive Order B-18-12 EO B-18-12 and the companion Green Building Action Plan require state agencies to reduce the

environmental impacts of state operations by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, managing

energy and water use, improving indoor air quality, generating onsite renewable energy when

feasible, implementing environmentally preferable purchasing, and developing the

infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations at state facilities. The Green Building Action

Plan also established two oversight groups; the staffs level Sustainability Working Group and

the executive level Sustainability Task Force, to ensure these measures are met.

Executive Order B-16-12 EO B-16-12 directs state agencies to integrate zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) into the state

vehicle fleet. It also directs state agencies to develop the infrastructure to support increased

public and private sector use of ZEVs. Specifically, it directs state agencies replacing fleet

vehicles to replace at least ten percent with ZEVs, and by 2020 to purchase at least 25%

replacement fleet as ZEVs.

Executive Order B-30-15 EO B-30-15 declared climate change to be a threat to the well-being, public health, natural

resources, economy, and environment of California. It established a new interim statewide

greenhouse gas emission reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, and

reaffirms California’s intent to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent below 1990

http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17508

http://gov.ca.gov/docs/Green_Building_Action_Plan_B.18.12.pdf

http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17472

4

levels by 2050. To support these goals, this order requires numerous state agencies to develop

plans and programs to reduce emissions.

2016 Zero Emission Vehicle Action Plan The plan establishes a goal to provide electric vehicle charging to 5% of state owned parking

spaces by 2022. It also advances the ZEV procurement target to 50% of light duty vehicles by

2025.

AB 32 Scoping Plan The scoping plan assumes widespread electrification of the transportation sector as a critical

component of every scenario that leads to the mandated 40% reduction in GHG by 2030 and

80% reduction by 2015.

Public Resources Code §25722.8 Statute requires reducing consumption of petroleum products by the state fleet compared to a

2003 baseline. Mandates a 10 percent reduction or displacement by Jan. 1, 2012 and a 20

percent reduction or displacement by Jan. 1, 2020.

State Administrative Manual & Management Memos The following sections of the State Administrative Manual (SAM), and associated Management

Memos (MM), currently impose sustainability requirements on the department under the

Governor’s executive authority:

MM 15-03: Minimum Fuel Economy Standards Policy

MM 15-07: Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Hydrocarbon Diesel Bulk Fuel Purchases

MM 16-07: Zero-Emission Vehicle Purchasing and EVSE Infrastructure Requirements

5

DWR FLEET VEHICLES

DWR Mission and Fleet

This ZEV Report and Plan demonstrates to the Governor and the public the progress the DWR

has made toward meeting the Governor’s sustainability goals related to Zero Emission Vehicles.

This report identifies successful accomplishments, ongoing efforts, outstanding challenges and

future efforts.

The definition of a light weight vehicle is any vehicle whose weight plus the weight of its

payload is less than eight thousand six hundred pounds. DWR’s fleet is heavily skewed to light

trucks, with 76% of the 826-vehicle fleet being light trucks. When utility vehicles and vans are

included, 94% of the fleet consists of vehicles that are suited to rough terrain. This is due to

DWR's twin focus on flood protection and water delivery. The flood protection function

includes work on flood plains, dams and levees; such structures being in remote and hard to

reach areas. Water delivery is achieved by the structures making up the State Water Project

(SWP), a 400-mile aqueduct, dams, pumping stations, hydroelectric structures and water

delivery turnouts, where large structures deliver water to contracted municipalities. Together,

these two functions direct DWR's choice of vehicle. Other DWR activities impacting vehicle

choice include biological restoration projects, biological monitoring, snow pack monitoring,

facility inspections, construction inspections and maintenance operations.

Graph 1: Composition of DWR’s Light Duty Fleet

Vehicle trips vary in length depending upon the job function but it is not unusual for DWR

employees to drive long distances on the job including travel to remote work sites far from the

employees’ duty office. In 2016, DWR employees traveled over 10 million miles on work-related

tasks. This travel consumed over 1 million gallons of gasoline and over a half a million of diesel

fuel. The total fuel cost to DWR was over six million dollars (See Table 1).

6%9%

76%

9%

Number of Fleet Vehicles

Sedans

Utility Vehicles

Pickups

Vans

6

Frequently, DWR employees use their own vehicles for state-related travel. This may be for

several reasons. One reason is that a sedan may be more practical and comfortable for certain

trips, but DWR only has 47 sedans. There may not be sufficient sedans at a location at the time

the employee wants to travel, so the employee uses their own vehicle. In past years, DWR's fleet

had a significant number of vehicles more than a decade old and employees chose to drive their

own vehicles, rather than drive a vehicle that may have been 15 years old or older. Finally, the

price of gas also influences whether an employee drives their own vehicle. Regardless of the

reason, historically DWR employees have logged over 1 million miles per year using their own

vehicles. In 2016, the number of miles logged by employees using their own vehicle dropped to

665,218 miles (See Table 2).

Table 1: Total Purchased Fuel 2016

Purchased Utility Quantity Cost ($)

Gasoline 1,234,018 Gallons $ 4,276,587.00

Diesel 286,500 Gallons $1,146,000.00

Renewable Diesel 235,209 Gallons $ 936,827.00

TOTAL GGE 1,755,727 GALLONS $6,359,414.00

Table 2: Mileage by Fuel Type 2016

Fuel Type 2016 Work Miles

Traveled

Total DWR Gasoline Miles- State Vehicles 8,672,574

Total Reimbursed Miles, Personal Vehicles 665,218

Total DWR Diesel Miles – State Vehicles 695,575

Totals for all Fuel Types 10,033,367

DWR’s emphasis on rugged vehicles and the nature of the travel in remote locations shows in

average miles per gallon (MPG) which has not changed significantly since 2012, when the MPG

was 16.97 to 2016 where the MPG was 17.5, a mere .53 MPG increase. As Table 3 below shows,

vehicle miles traveled comprise a consistent 72 to 80 percent of all non SWP GHG emissions

since at least 2010. The reduction calculation from the baseline is misleading as it really

reflects the year to year variation in miles traveled; it is not a true reduction as Graph 3

demonstrates.

7

Table 3: GHG Emissions for non SWP Facilities since 2010 mtCO2e

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Percent

Change

since

Baseline

Natural

gas 623.1 624.4 465.5 484.9 322.4 348.0 397.0 -36%

Vehicles 11,778.1 15,441.4 12,463.1 14,955.3 13,153.1 11,658.1 8,351.8 -29%

% of Total

GHGs 72% 77% 75% 80% 80% 76% 77%

Purchased

Electricity 3,894.2 3,934.4 3,529.7 3,050.4 2,935.8 3,315.6 1,970.4 -49%

Total 16,295.4 20,000.2 16,458.4 18,490.6 16,411.3 15,321.7 10,719.2 -34%

Graph 2: DWR Fleet Miles Traveled from 2010-2016

Incorporating ZEVs into the State Fleet A widespread shift to Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) is essential for California to meet its Green

House Gas (GHG) emission goals. State departments are now required to incorporate larger

numbers of ZEVs in their vehicle fleets. Starting in FY 17/18 the percentage of new light duty

12,100,499 12,920,434 13,181,140

11,627,416

10,448,463

9,226,061 9,248,004

-

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

2010-2016 Total Miles Traveled

Year

8

vehicles that must be ZEVs increases by 5% each year, reaching 25% in FY 19/20 and 50% in FY

24/25.

DWR began purchasing low emission vehicles in 2005 with four hybrid vehicles and an

additional six hybrids in 2008. However, due to budget shortfalls, California had state vehicle

purchasing freezes from 2010 to 2013. DWR did not resume vehicle purchases until 2013 when

DWR added another five hybrids and one fully electric vehicle. In 2015, DWR purchases

fourteen hybrids and six fully electric vehicles. The incorporation continues as in 2017 DWR

purchased three electric vehicles and ten hybrids.

Graph 3: DWR ZEV Purchases 2005-2017

Due to the short distance they travel, ZEVs are used mainly for Administration staff to travel

within their geographical areas to attend various meetings. ZEV’s are also used by Field Division

Chiefs to perform site visits at various pumping plants. Plugin Hybrids are used by

Administration staff, Executive Staff and Division Chiefs to travel statewide for various

meetings and DWR has no Fuel Cell Vehicles.

Vehicles over the specified mileage and age thresholds are eligible for replacement. Currently

ZEVs are available on statewide commodity contracts in the sub-compact, compact, mid-size

sedans and mini-vans vehicle classes. There are currently 16 vehicles in our fleet that are

currently eligible for replacement in vehicle classes for which ZEVs are available on contract.

4

6

1

5

1

14

6

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

hybrid hybrid hybrid hybrid electric hybrid electric electric

2005 2008 2009 2013 2013 2015 2015 2017

Total

Total

9

Table 3: Vehicles in DWR Fleet Currently Eligible for Replacement

Sub-Compact

Sedan Compact Sedan

Midsize

Sedan

Mini

Van

Total

# of vehicles

eligible for

replacement

0 4 9 3 16

The table below shows the estimated number of ZEVs that have been or are anticipated to be

added to the DWR fleet in coming years.

Table 4: ZEV Additions to the DWR Fleet

Table Header Format 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 20/21 21/22

Battery Electric Vehicle 6 0 5 3 3 3 2 0

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle 10 0 10 12 4 2 2 0

Fuel Cell Vehicle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Percent of total

purchases 10% 0 10% 15%

20% 25% 30%

Required ZEV

Percentage 10% 10% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Total number of ZEVs

in Fleet 6 6 11 14

17 20 22 22

Telematics Plan Telematics is a method for monitoring vehicle use. Using GPS and on-board diagnostics,

telematics provides valuable information that often results in fuel savings and improved vehicle

utilization. Telematics is especially important for verifying that Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles are

maximizing the use of electric fuel rather than gasoline. The rule requiring 50% of ZEVs

purchased to be BEVs is not in place for fleets making use of telematics for all ZEVs.

DWR is currently using telematics. However, the telematics DWR uses does not meet the

requirements nor supplies the correct information required by the Department of General

Services (DGS) Fleet and Asset Management. Currently DGS Procurement and California Dept. of

Transportation are working together to create a telematic contract. When the new DGS contract

is implemented DWR will purchase and install telematics on all the DWR ZEV’s and plug in

hybrids vehicles.

Public Safety Exemption DWR does not have any sworn officers driving safety vehicles.

10

ZEV INFRASTRUCTURE

Introduction to the Department of Water Resources Parking Facilities DWR's most common facilities are those of the State Water Project and those of its Flood and

Maintenance yards. These facilities offer mostly employee parking, usually behind secure

entrances. Some parking exists for visitors, usually in a separate area. All but 150 parking

stalls at the North Central Regional Office at 3500 Industrial Drive, West Sacramento, of DWR's

parking is owned by DWR.

Graph 4: DWR Parking Facilities

DWR has 28 facilities with a total parking capacity of one thousand eight hundred and twenty

eight stalls. Eight hundred and eighty five are designated for fleet parking, while six hundred

and sixty eight stalls are mixed parking for all user groups. Seventy five stalls are dual use fleet

and public, one hundred and sixty five are for public use only while only ten are designed for

employee use only.

DWR owns and operates three visitors centers at major reservoirs throughout the state with

two hundred and seventy five parking stalls, seventy of which are public parking only.

0%

49%

8%

43%

Facilities with Fleets

Hosting Fleet Vehicles and Leased

Hosting Fleet Vehicles andOwned

Not Hosting Fleet Vehicles andLeased

Not Hosting Fleet Vehicles andOwned

11

Graph 5: DWR Facility Parking by Type

Given the nature of the department’s fleet operations and the length of stay for visitors and

employees, DWR have determined that it is not appropriate that DWR install L1 chargers.

Instead, DWR will install 100% level II chargers in all its owned facilities. (DGS recommends at

least 25% of chargers for employees be L2 and that 75% of fleet chargers be L2.)

Based on estimates of future ZEV fleet purchases and a count of visitor and workplace parking

spaces it has been determined that the Department will need 40 L2 chargers to adequately

serve fleet vehicles and achieve the goals established in the ZEV Action Plan. This plan will

cover five hundred and sixty of DWR's eight hundred and eighty-five fleet parking stalls or 63%.

The facilities with the most urgent need for EV charging are listed below.

Table 4: High Priority EVSE Projects

Facility Name

Total

Parking

Spaces

Existing L1

Chargers

Existing L2

Chargers

New L1

Chargers

Needed

New L2

Chargers

Needed

Delta Field Div. 225 0 0 N/A 10

San Luis Field

Div.

80 0 0 N/A 8

San Joaquin

Field Div.

155 0 0 N/A 10

37%

49%

1% 9%

0%

4%

DWR Facility Parking - Fleet /Public /Employee

Designated fleet parking stalls

Designated employee parkingstalls

Designated public parking stalls

Dual use employee/publicparking stalls

Dual use fleet/public stalls

Dual use employee/fleet stalls

12

Facility Name

Total

Parking

Spaces

Existing L1

Chargers

Existing L2

Chargers

New L1

Chargers

Needed

New L2

Chargers

Needed

San Joaquin

Field Div. Lost

Hills Sub Center

50 0 0 N/A 5

Coalinga 50 0 0 N/A 2

Total 560 0 0 N/A 35

Outside Funding Sources for EV Infrastructure

DWR will seek out utility, private and non-profit EVSE programs in the future to secure funds

for building and installing the electrical infrastructure and electrical charging stations. Further,

DWR is pursuing various funding sources for EVSE installation including but not limited to:

DWR internal funds, various utility incentives, Volkswagen Settlement funds, and California

Energy Commission grants.

Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure

DWR has no hydrogen vehicles or any plans to use hydrogen fuel any time soon.

Comprehensive Facility Site and Infrastructure Assessments

Site Assessments are performed to establish the cost and feasibility of installing needed EV

infrastructure. Site Assessments are comprehensive and include such items as:

Engineering assessment of electrical backbone including capacity, anticipated loads and

needed electrical upgrades and any site upgrades

Access compliance requirements and modifications to meet ADA requirements and

state fire marshal requirements

Identification of the types and quantities of EVSE (Level 1, 2, 3) by service area (fleet,

workplace, public)

Consideration of optimizing locations (ease of employee access, minimize costs for

expansion of service panels, utility infrastructure, electrical capacity)

The table below lists the DWR facilities that have been evaluated with EVCS Site Assessments.

Table 4: Results of DWR Site Assessments

Facility Name L1 Chargers with Current Electrical System

L2 Chargers with Current Electrical System

Total cost for Project using Current Electrical System

L1 Chargers with Electrical System Upgrades


Delta Field Div. N/A 0 N/A 10

13

Facility Name L1 Chargers with Current Electrical System

L2 Chargers with Current Electrical System

Total cost for Project using Current Electrical System



San Luis Field Div.

N/A 0 N/A 8

SLFD, Coalinga Sub Center

N/A 0 N/A 2

San Joaquin Field Div.

N/A 0 N/A 10

San Joaquin Field Div.- Lost Hills Sub-Center

N/A 0 N/A 5

Total N/A 0 N/A 35

EVSE Construction Plan

DWR is currently evaluating locations throughout the State to install several electrical charging

stations. DWR will utilize construction contracts to build the electrical infrastructure. DWR will

utilize the DGS Procurement contracts to purchase and install the electrical charging stations,

hopefully no later than July 2018.

EVSE Operation

DWR has a limited amount of charging stations available for use. Currently only DWR vehicles

can use the charging stations. In the future, after the several charging stations are installed,

DWR will utilize the DGS Procurement contracts to set up a vendor who can communicate with

the charging stations. Once these contracts are in place, DWR will be able to collect and report

EVSE data. Currently, DWR has no cost recovery policies because only DWR vehicles utilize the

charging stations.

14

SUSTAINABILITY MILESTONES & TIMELINE

2012

2013

2015

2020

2025

2018

- EXECUTIVE ORDER B-18-12 & B-16-12 ISSUED - NEW & RENOVATED BUILDINGS EXCEED T-24 BY 15%

- BUILDINGS <10,000 SQ. FT. MEET CALGREEN TIER 1

- BEGIN WATER USE BENCHMARKING

- LEED-EB CERTIF. FOR ALL EXIST. BLDGS >50,000 SQ. FT.

- REDUCE WATER USE 10%

- 10% OF FLEET LDV PURCHASES ZEV

- 20% ENERGY USE REDUCTION

- 50% OF NEW & RENOVATED BUILDINGS ZNE - REDUCE WATER USE 20%

- 25% OF FLEET LDV PURCHASES ZEV

- 100% OF NEW & RENOVATED BUILDINGS ZNE

- 50% OF EXISTING BUILDINGS ZNE

2016 - REDUCE WATER USE 25% FROM 2013 TO FEB 28, 2016

15

DEPARTMENT STAKEHOLDERS

Incorporating ZEVs Into the Department Fleet

Division of Operation and Maintenance, Fleet Management Branch.

Chief of Utility Operations, Utility Operations and Maintenance for Five State Water Project Field Divisions. Chief, Mobile Equipment Operations. Fleet Manager

Telematics



Public Safety Exemption

Not Applicable

Outside Funding Sources for ZEV Infrastructure


Chief of Utility Operations, Utility Operations and Maintenance for Five State Water Project Field Divisions. Chief, Mobile Equipment Operations Fleet Manager

Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure

Not Applicable

Comprehensive Facility Site and Infrastructure Assessments



EVSE Construction Plan



EVSE Operation



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