global technology roadmap for ccs in industry policy workshop · 7&8 april 2011 unido - global...

Engineering for CO2 geological storage

Global Technology Roadmap Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industryfor CCS in IndustryPolicy WorkshopPolicy Workshop

Sector focus: Qualitative Matching ofEmissions Sources and Reservoirs Resources

Yann Le Gallo, Ph.D.Operation Manager

UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 27&8 April 2011

OutlineOutline

Overview of the study Storage resources assessment– Deep Saline Formations– Depleted Oil & Gas Fields

CO2 emission assessment– Location– Evolution scenario

Qualitative source sink matching – Focus on Brazil

Main conclusions and way forward


Overview Overview of the Studyof the Study


WorkWork Flow of the Flow of the StudyStudy

Natural Gas ProcessingHigh purity CO2

Coal-To-Liquid

Iron and SteelBlast Furnace

Direct Reduction of Iron

BiomassSynthetic natural gas

Ethanol Hydrogen

Hydrogen Cracking

Downstream Oil and Gas (refineries)

Process heatCement FINEX technologiiesEthylen

Fertilizer/Amonia Klin/calcination Black liquor (Pulp&Paper)Hisarma process

Industrial CO2 sources 2008(IEA GHG CO2 source database)

Sector Economic evolution

Evolution of Carbon intensity of processes

Industrial CO2 sources

UNIDO Technology synthesis report - November 2010- figure 5.3 based upon IEA’s Blue Map low scenario and the Global Technology Roadmap for CCS as much as possible

Evolution towards 2050


Industrial CO2 sources Evolution towards 2050

Sink OpportunityDSF Suitability

Source / sink matching on an area basis

Hot spots

Evolution towards 2050

IEAGHG / GCCSI DFS suitability

* Oil fields: use IEAGHG study* Gas fields: use USGS

database and correlation between Gas reserves and CO2

capacity and IEAGHG study

Oil fieldsGas field capacity est.

Oil and gas fields*

Areas with a large potential for both CO2 capture from industrial CO2 sources and

prospective storage reservoirs on the longer

term

Recommendations

Actions and milestones to launch early opportunities, to change hot spots to longer term opportunities, and to

overcome gaps and barriers in dedicated areas

Early opportunities

Project possibilities for CCS in industry with relatively

low costs – e.g., where low-cost capture, easy transport

and revenue-generating storage can be combined.

WorkWork Flow of the Flow of the StudyStudy


COCO22 emissionsemissions

2007 (reference) – 2050 (horizon)


COCO22 emissions emissions

Assumptions:– Constant carbon intensity– Growth of the existing sources

Gaps in location of CO2emissions mainly in non-OECD

UNIDO industrial sectors:

Black liquor (Pulp & Paper)

Hydrogen from biomass

Ethanol production

Synthetic natural gas

Biomass

Process heat

Cracking

Hydrogen productionDownstream Oil and Gas

(refineries)

Calcination

KilnCement

Hisarma process

FINEX technologies

Direct Reduction of Iron

Blast Furnace

Iron and steel

Ethylene Oxide production

Fertilizer/Ammonia production

Ethylene

Coal-To-Liquid

Natural Gas Processing

High purity CO2


Global evolution of the COGlobal evolution of the CO22 Emission Emission for each sectorfor each sector

High CO2 purity Iron/steel Cement Donwstream Oil&Gas Biofuels0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Mt C

O2

2007


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Mt C

O2

2050

Regional trends for Iron&Steel and Cement sectors following IEA ETP 2010 scenario


Storage Resources Storage Resources

Deep Saline Formations


WhatWhat isis the the storagestorage ressource in ressource in deepdeepsaline formations?saline formations?

No available map World Wide

Source IEA GHG, 2009


A few Initiatives (Characterized Resource) in OECDA few Initiatives (Theoretical Resource) Initiatives in non-OECD


SuitabilitySuitability of of DeepDeep Saline Formations Saline Formations

Source IPCC, 2005

+


Estimated Storage Resources Estimated Storage Resources in Deep Saline Formationsin Deep Saline Formations

European Storage Capacity (350 Gt CO2)

29%

16%

55%

Highly Suitable

Suitable

Possible

Australia Storage Capacity (702 Gt CO2)

32%

27%

41%

Highly Suitable

Suitable

Possible

North America Storage Capacity (20213 Gt CO2)

8%

42%50%

Highly Suitable

Suitable

Possible

Source: EU Geocapacity, 2009

Source: Carbon Storage Task Force, 2010

Source: DOE -NETL, 2010


EstimatingEstimating Storage Storage ResourcesResourcesin in DeepDeep Saline FormationsSaline Formations

China South Africa Brazil0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

mean theoretical

Sto

rage

reso

urce

(Gt C

O2)

Source: US DOE, 2009 Source: Council for Geoscience, 2010 Source: Carbmap, 2010


Storage Resources Storage Resources

Depleted Oil & Gas Fields


EstimatingEstimating Storage Storage ResourcesResources in in DepletedDepleted GasGas FieldsFields

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

0 250 500 750 1000Estimated total gas in gas fields (Tcf)

Estim

ated

CO

2 st

orag

e ca

paci

ty (1

0^9

tonn

es) Asia Pacific

Central&South AmericaEuropeFormer Soviet UnionMiddle East & AfricaNorth America

Adapted from IEA GHG, 2009 Estimating Storage Resources in Depleted Oil Fields : see next presentation


RegionsRegions consideredconsidered in the in the studystudy


Qualitative Source Qualitative Source -- Sink MatchingSink Matching

Brazil


COCO22 emissions in Brazilemissions in Brazil

17%

9%

26%

35%

5%

8%


Expected evolutions scenario of COExpected evolutions scenario of CO22sources in Brazilsources in Brazil


20

40

60

80

100

120M

t CO

2 2007 reference 2050 estimate


Storage ResourcesStorage Resources

Adapted from IEA GHG (2011) & USGS (2000)

Highly Suitable Suitable Possible

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000 mean

Stor

age

reso

urce

(Mt C

O2)

Deep saline suitability

Deep Saline Formations

Storage resource (Mt CO2)

Oil fields 2700Gas fields 12700Total 15400

Depleted Oil & Gas Fields

Not accounting for Presalt Deep Water plays


COCO22 emissions hot spotsemissions hot spots

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

5

10

15

20

45505560657075808590

Mt C

O2

2007 Hot spots

Cement Downstream Oil and Gas High purity CO2 Iron and Steel Biofuels

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1505

101520253035404550

75

80

85

90

Hot spot

Mt C

O2

2007 2005


Early opportunitiesEarly opportunities

05

10

15202530

35404550

5560657075

808590

Brazil Early Opportunity(123 Mt/y CO

2 in 2050)

Mt/y

CO

2

2050 Early Opportunities

B iomass Cement Downstream Oil & Gas High Puri ty CO

2 Iron & Steel

Sal

vado

r

Sao

Pau

lo

Mat

oG

ross

odo

Sul

Par

ana

Approximate locations


SYNTHESISSYNTHESIS


Number and CONumber and CO22 Emission of Early Emission of Early Opportunities per regionOpportunities per region

0

2

4

6

8

10

Num

ber o

f Ear

ly O

ppor

tuni

ty p

er re

gion

Latin America Brazil South-East EuropeCentral Asia India ChinaSouth-East Asia Middle East Central AfricaNorthern Africa South Africa


Middle East151 Mt/y CO2

Northern Africa71 Mt/y CO2

Central Africa11 Mt/y CO2

South Africa30 Mt/y CO2

China32 Mt/y CO2

India161 Mt/y CO2

Latin America35 Mt/y CO2

South-East Europe27 Mt/y CO2

South-East Asia53 Mt/y CO2

Central Asia80 Mt/y CO2

Brazil124 Mt/y CO2


Key pointsKey points

Study limitations:– use publicly available data– CO2 emission location and volume uncertainties– storage resources assessment based upon surface density correlations

due to lack of data

Main conclusions– Excess storage for Northern & Central Africa, Middle East and Central

Asia– Storage shortage for India (geological limitations) and to some extent

Brazil (source-sink matching)– Limited number of Early Opportunities in most regions due to lack of

storage resources near industry hot spots.

Likely competition with Power industry for storage space


Way ForwardWay Forward

Given uncertainties on non-OECD storage resources: – Regional storage resource assessment should be initiated (Deep

Saline Formation) to acquire or update geological knowledge– Site characterization to confirm storage capacity for First Of A

Kind projects

Given uncertainties on CO2 sources:– Update source database particularly in non-OECD countries– Consistency checks with UNFCCC and IEA emission data

Thank You For Your Attention

UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry

[email protected]

www.geogreen.eu

global technology roadmap for ccs in industry policy workshop · 7&8 april 2011 unido - global...

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