WELCOME

TERM PAPER ON COLEOPTERA

SSNAIKM.SC.AGRIL.ENTOMOLOGY

TNAU,CBE

COLEOPTERA1.Taxonomic position

2.Introduction 3.Taxonomic characters 4. Habit,Habitat and biology 5.Economic important families

1.Taxonomic position

1.Taxonomic position : Living

organisms

Micro organisms

Plants

AnimalsKingdom:Animalia

Phylum:Arthropoda Subphylum:Manibulata Class:Insecta Subclass:Pterygota Division:Endopterygota Group: Neoptera Subgroup:----------- Order:Coleoptera

1(A). ETYMOLOGY&EXAMPLES.... BEETLES & WEEVILS COLEOPTERA

I.Derived: GreekII.koleos= Sheath Pteron=wing

SHEATHED WING=ELYTRA

Singuar:elytraonPlural:elytra

2.INTRODUCTION

2.INTRODUCTION Largest order ( 3,30,0000 ) In India 15000 sp. The largest taxonomic family is commonly

thought to be the Curculionidae (the weevils or snout beetles), but recently the Staphylinidae(the rove beetles) have claimed this title.

The largest coleopteran is probably Dynastes herculeus (Scarabaeidae)and Macrodontia cervicornis ( Cerambycidae) which measure 155 mm

Smallest member of the order - Corylophidae and Ptilidae (less than 0.5 mm-2.5mm).

Coleoptera is largest order in animal kingdom

Dynastes herculeus

Corylophidae

Ptilidae CorylophidaePtilidae

3.Taxonomic characteristics

PROGNATHOUS/ HYPOGNATHOUS. Reduced EPICRANIAL SUTURE, Elongated rostrum(snout), Gula filiform,moniliform,clavate,la

mellateSerrate -11 segmented.

C.eyes: distinct but in subterranean and caverniculous reduced,Gyrinus –upper and lower halves

ocelli: absent, medium ocelli present in the dermestidae

Mandibles are sclerotized and variably developed;

Prothorax , movable ,large visible,single and undivided pronotum Mesothorax and metathorax are fused

with the first of the abdominal segment

Fore wings are heavily sclerotized veinless,and hardened –elytra.-mid dorsal line

Memebranous hind wings

SmalI part of MESOTHORAX is present at the base of the elytra.

Abdomen is sesile first 8 TERGITES are commonly visible.

5-7 STERNITES are visible Terminal abdominal segments are retractile,tubular,and function as an ovipositor

Concealed into the abdomen. Tubular evagination of the 9&10 STERNITES -AEDEGUS STRIDULATORY ORGANS –mandibles and

maxilae/head and thorax

1.HEAD MODIFICATIONS

A.SHOVEL

Scarabaeus viettei

B.ROSTRUM /SNOUT

WEEVILS

C.HORNS Prothorax modification

Frons and vertex

1.A COMPOUND EYE MODIFICATIONS Gyrinidae –Gyrinus sp.– upper and lower halves

Longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) and weevils – while many have eyes that are notched to some degree

PHYTOPHAGOUS PRAEDATORS POLLEN FEEDERS

Mandibles short and blunt teeth

Teeths are absent covered with stiff hairs.

long and sharply pointed with blade like edges

1.B.MANDIBLES

4.Habit, Habitat,General

biology

I.HABIT Detritus feeders - breaking down animal and

plant debris and flesh. Wastes such as dung. Fungi eaters Agricultural crop pests particular species of

plants wide range of plants pollen, flower and fruit eaters parasites or parasitoids Important predatory species - controls of

agricultural pests.  Eg:Coccinellidae("ladybirds" or "ladybugs")

consume aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops.

Not only serious pests of agricultural but also Industrial pests:Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa

decemlineata) the bollweevil (Anthonomus grandis)

Red flour beetle(Tribolium castaneum)Mungbean or cowpea beetle

(Callosobruchus maculatus)  Death-watch beetle the larvae of which

can cause serious structural damage to buildings by boring into the timbers.

I.Habit………

The diversity of beetles is very wide. They are found in all major habitats, except marine and the polar regions.

Including Freshwater Everywhere vegetative foliage is found, from

trees and their bark to flowers, leaves, and underground near roots- even inside plants in galls, in every plant tissue, including dead or decaying ones

II.HABITAT………………

III.GENERAL BIOLOGY: →A single female may lay from several dozen to several thousand eggs during her lifetime

→ Eggs are usually laid according to the substrate on which the larvae will feed upon hatching

→loose in the substrate ,laid in clumps on leaves individually attached ,buried in the medium

head is well developed and sclerotized, and the thoracic and abdominal segments are readily distinguishable Thoracic legs are present or absent Abdominal prolegs are absent campodeiform, eruciform, scarabaeiform, and apodous

Pupae are always adecticous - most exarate In Coccinellidae, most Staphylinidae, pupae are obtect

Adults have extremely variable lifespans, from weeks to years, depending on the species

5.ECONOMIC IMPORTANT

FAMILIES

COLEOPTERA

MYXOPHAGA ARCHOSTEMATA ADEPHAGA POLYPHAGA 1 2 3 4

1.Cicindelidae2.Carabidae3.DytiscidaeScavenge

rs

Stored product pests

Crop pests 1.Scarabaeidae2.Hydrophilidae3.Gyrinidae4.Coccinellidae5.Lampyridae

1.Anobidae2.Bostrychidae3.Bruchuidae4.tenebrionidae

1.Apionidae2.Buprestidae3.Cassididae4.Cerambycidae5.Curculionidae6.Dynastidae7.Elateridae8.Galerucidae9.Meloidae10.Melolonthidae

Sub orders:

Families:

3.A ) CLASSIFICATION

III

III

Myxophaga Archostemata Adephaga Polyphaga

Notopleural suture absent

Notopleural suture present

Notopleural sutures present

Notopleural suture distinct

Wings folded in basal half, but rolled apically, with disinct oblongum.

HW with oblongum HW with oblongum; distal part spirally rolled in repose

HW without oblongum

Larvae aquatic, broadly oval with strongly deflexed head

Larvae campodeiform and resemble adephaga larvae

Larvae with 5 segmented legs with 1 or 2 claws; without labrum; mandibles without mola; maxilla without lacinia; usually with urogomphi

Larvae with 4 or less than 4 segmented legs with 1 claw or legs vestigial or absent;

MYXOPHAGAMinute, Mandibles with distinct mola; antennae clubbed •Notopleural suture distinct •Wings folded in basal half, but rolled apically, with disinct oblongum cell (a closed cell formed by M1 and M2) •Larvae aquatic, broadly oval with strongly deflexed head

Notopleural sutures present •HW with oblongum; distal part spirally rolled in repose •First abdominal segment not divided •Tarsal formula 5-5-5 •Larvae campodeiform and resemble adephaga larvae

Notopleural suture present •HW with oblongum •Hind coxae immovablly fixed, dividing first abdominal sternum •First abdominal sternum divided •Tarsal formula 5-5-5 Larvae campodeiform and resemble adephaga larvae

Notopleural suture absent •HW without oblongum •Hind coxae movable, trochanter small, in line with coxa and femur •First abdominal sternum not divided •Tarsal formula variable •Larvae with 4 or less than 4 segmented legs with 1 claw or legs vestigial or absent;

ARCHOSTEMATA

ADEPHAGA POLYPHAGA

SUB ORDER 4:POLYPHAGA

I.Devourers II.Stored grain pests

III.Crop pests

FAMILY :SCARABAEIDAE

DUNG BEETLES Eg: Helicopris bucehalus

convex body.

Head is broad and flat. Membranous mandilbles

Horns on head and prothorax

Hind tibia with spur

Lamellate antennae

FAMILY : HYDROPHILIDAE

WATER SCAVENGER BEETLE Eg: Hydrophilus sp

Maxillary palpi are longer than antennaeTerminal segments of antennae moderately clubbed

Mid-ventral spine forms a "keel" along underside of thorax

FAMILY : GYRINIDAE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES Eg: Gyrinus sp

Antennae very short, clubbed Front legs elongate and slender

Eyes completely divided

Body smooth, black, and oval

Gregarious surface swimmers

FAMILY :COCCINELLIDAE

LADY BIRD BEETLES

Body oval and convex

Black with red spots or red/orange with black spots

Tarsi appear 3-3-3

FAMILY : Lampyridae FIRE FLIES ,GLOW WORMS Eg:lampyris noctilua

Head concealed with large pronotum

Antennae 11 segmented inserted close together between hemispherical eyes

Adults with luminiscent organs on 7th in female and 6th and 7th in males

Larvae feed on snails and slugs

Eggs, larvae, pupae, adults – luminiscent

II.Stored grain pestsFamily 1:Anobidae: Lasioderma serricorneEg:Wood destroyers /Cigarette/ Deathwatch beetles\\

Antenna serrated

Oval, light brown round beetle

Thorax and head bent downward; gives the insect a humped appearance.

Elytra have minute hairs

Not striated Straited No hairs present

Drug store beetle

Stegobium paniceum

FAMILY : BOSTRYCHIDAE

Grain/furniture/bamboo borers Eg: Rhyzopertha domonica, Sinoxyln,Dinoderus (bamboo

borer) Bostrychus,Heterobostrychus

Brown to blackish beetle

head is deflexed downwards

prominent constriction between prothorax and elytra.

Antenna clubbed with large loose three segments

Eggs (80 to 100)- surface or interspaces of cereal grains

The free living larva normally enters the grain after 3rd instar for pupation

Adults are good fliers but they are not capable of field infestation

Infestation in bagged storage is not normally confined to periphery.

FAMILY : BRUCHIDAE

PULSE BEETLE

Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculates

Brownish grey beetle

Elevated Ivory Like Spots Near The Middle Of The Dorsal Side.

Serrate antenna.

Pygidium

Grubs eat up the grain kernel and make a cavity. Adults come out making exit holes. Eggs laid singly, glued to the surface of the grain.

FAMILY : TENEBRIONIDAE

RED FLOUR BEETLE

Oblong, flat, brown in colour

compound eyes are completely notched

antennae are not gradually thickened

compound eyes are not completely notched

antennae have clear –3 segmented club

Tribolium confusum Tribolium castaneum

III. CROP PESTSFAMILY 1: APIONIDAE Eg: Ant like weevils - Sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius

Bright red thorax and brownish legs.

Slender bodied with elongate snout.

Bluish brown head

Non-geniculate antenna

Ant like

FAMILY : BUPRESTIDAE

Jewel beetles ,Metallic beetles Eg: Sphenoptera perotetti

Elongate and hard bodied insects

Body regions having the metallic luster

Antennae is serrateExpanded prothorax

Boring of the stem

Dorso ventrally flattened

It is important during rainy and post rainy season. Elongated dorso ventrally flattened grub with a globular head burrows into the stem close to soil surface causing drying and death of plants. When examined grub or pupa can be seen in hollowed stem. Application of carbofuran granules in planting row is effective.

FAMILY :CASSIDIDAE TORTOISE BEETLE

Eg: Aspidiomorpha miliaris

Tortoise like beetle

Head is concealed under the prothoraxand it is inferior in position

Prothorax and elytra are in convex wider and form a shell.

Tip of the legs are alone exposed to outside

Brilliantly coloured

Posterior end of body with a forked process usually bent upward and forward, Larva is dorsally spiny and to which the excreta and exvuviae attached and forming a faecal shield

Examples :

FAMILY : CERAMBYCIDAE

LONGICORN BEETLES

Eg :Mango stem borer: Batocera rufomaculata

Compound eyes are notched

Antennae is long as than the body itself and it can flexed backwards

Pronotum is 1- 3 lateral spines

Tibia is with 2 spurs Tarsus 5 segmented

Grubs are apodous ,elongate cylindrical,whitish and bore in to the stem

Cerambycidae…………………………

Cerambycidae…………………………

FAMILY CURCULIONIDAE

WEEVILS

Eg:red palm weevil Rhyncophorus ferrugineus

Head is modified into long rostrum/snout

Antennae is geniculate

Elongated trochanter

Mouth parts are at the tip of the rostrum

Body is clothed with scales

Rostrum is used as a drilling instrument to bore the wood for egg laying.It is more developed in athe femles than in the males -males the long snout has a tuft of hairs

FAMILY 2: DYNASTIDAE

RHINOCEROS BEETLES

Eg : Coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros

Mandibles are bent,expanded,leaf like and visible from the above.

Cephalic horns are present in the both the sexes male the horn is longer and curved . Female the horn is short and that is

straight

FEMALE MALE

Pronotum is rounded anteriorly and its posterior corners are sharply pointed

serrate antenna

Body is elongate and cylindrical

Family :Elateridae CLICK BEETLES , WIREWORMS

Adult is able to jump and land upon its feet while lying on its back. Each jump is accompanied by an audible clicking sound.

Movement of the prothorax makes the prosternal a spine to slip into the mesosternal cavity this causes the elytra to press the against the surface and propel the beetle into the air

FAMILY : Galeruscidae

pumpkin beetle

Elytra soft

Tibia with one tibial spur or none

Third tarsal segment distinctly bilobed

FAMILY : MELOIDAE Blister beetles

Eg : Mylabris pustulata

elytra are brightly coloured as metallic blue ,green,black.brown, transverse stripes are common

Head is hypognathous strongly deflexed

Neck –narrow But distinct between head and thorax.

Legs-long .tarsi is 5 segmented

Wings are well developed, elytra cover the body incompletely and both are free

Adults are on disturbence emit a defensive oily fluid containig cantharidine chemical compound from the apices of femur .

Hypermetamorphosis is present.

FAMILY : MELOLANTHIDAE

Chafer beetle ,June beetle ,white grubs Eg : ground nut white grub :Holotrichia

consanguinea

Head is small. Labrum is well scelorotised.

They are stout and glossy appearance.

Adults are attracted to to light. They feed on tree foliage during

night and hide in soil during day time.

Larvae are scarabaeiform and root feeders.

SUB ORDER 3:ADEPHAGA

DEVOURERS 1.Cicindelidae

2.Carabidae3.Dytiscidae

FAMILY 1cicindelidae:

Tiger Beetles Eg: Cicindela cancellata

Antenna arise from front of head, above the mandibles

Mandibles long and sickle shaped

Elytra without grooves or rows of punctures

Head including eyes as wide as or wider than pronotum

Legs are long suited for running

FAMILY 2: CARABIDAE

GROUND BEETLES Eg: Anthia sp, Calosoma sp

Antenna arise more laterally on the sides of the head between compound eyes and base of mandible.

Mandibles not sickle shaped

Elytra often with longitudinal grooves or rows of punctures.

Brightly spotted

Hind trochanters are enlarged

FAMILY :DYTISCIDAE:

Aquatic diving beetle

Males of some spp have suction disc

Body smooth, oval and very hard

Hind legs flattened and fringed with long hairs

Antenna long and filiform

Middle legs arise much closer to front 

Hind tarsi bear a single straight claw

What is the difference between the beetles and

the weevils ?

Beetles Weevils2.A)

Mouth parts typically chewing type.

Both pairs of wings present, fore wing elytrate, which at rest in straight suture when at rest.

Antennae capitate/serrate/tameilate

Tarsi 3 to 5 segmented

Larvae oligopod

Mouth parts chewing type but modified into snout like structure.

Hind wing absent, fore wing elytrate, immovably united.

Antennae clavate.

Tarsi 4 segmented.

Larvae apodous

Can you?

1.Which is the largest order and no of sp discovered?2.Gregarious surface swimmers ?3.Hypermetamorphosis?4.Deflexed antennae ?5.non geniculate antennae –weevil?6.Bilobed 3rd tarsi?7.Click sound producing family?8.Luminiscence famiy and how many stages? 9.Posterior pronotum sharp corners?10. Mid ventral spine on the thorax?11. The compound produced by blister beetles ?12.Wire worms larva which famiy ?13. Most of the water beetles which legs involved in predacious?14 5-5-4 tarsal formula family?15. Long and curved horn which gender of rhinoceros?

16.Wireworms-Elyteridae mealworms -? flat headed borers –? round headed borers-?17.Cassididae examples?18. Faecal shield is special of ?19.Oily beetles are family? 20.Distinct neck connecting between the head and abdomen?21.Example for the crop pest ladybird beetle family ?22.Which storage insects prominent deflexed head?23.Location of mouthparts on snout?24.Hard skinned larva?25.Ant like coleopterans ?26. Coleopterans belong to the sub group ?

27. Singular for elytra?29.Largest beetle length upto ?30.Upper and lower halves present which insect compound eyes?31. Oblongum is formed by viens ---------------------?

Please identify?

Tribolium ------ Tribolium----------

Please identify?

THANKS A LOT…………

PRESENTED BY S.SRINIVAS NAIK