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SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

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Additional support provided by AIME

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Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl

Advanced Geosteering for Optimal Exploitation of Hydrocarbon ReservesRoland ChemaliRoland ChemaliChief Petrophysicist

Halliburton Sperry Drilling

Society of Petroleum Engineers Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Programwww.spe.org/dl

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Presentation Outline

What is geosteering? Why geosteer?g g y gReactive and proactive geosteeringWellbore images

Azimuthal wave resistivity Azimuthal wave resistivity

Other: formation pressure, seismic while d illidrilling

Summary and conclusiony

What is Geosteering and Why Geosteer?

WaterInjector

OilProducer

Simplified case of water-drive reservoir

Oilwater drive reservoir

Water Drive

4 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

What is Geosteering and Why Geosteer?

WaterInjector

OilProducer

Attic OilOilSimplified case of water-drive reservoir

Producing well

water drive reservoir

Producing well improperly placed

Water Drive


The Value of Accurate Well Placement

StatoilHydro Troll field: 2.4 b$(Based on OTC-17110)

Chevron Alba (John Hampson) 225 M$ of additional production in 3 wells

CBS 60 Minutes; Saudi Aramco CEO interviewed by Leslie Stahl Dec-07-2008by Leslie Stahl Dec 07 2008

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From CBS 60 Minutes The CEO of Saudi Aramco

On CBS 60 Minutes News Program, Mr. Jumaa then CEO of Saudi Aramco describes geosteering as a way to producegeosteering as a way to produce up to 10 times more from a reservoir. (Dec-7-2008)

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Simple Geometrical Placement ?

WaterInjector

OilProducer

Inclination error > 5 ft / 3000 ft= 375000 Bbl/Oil

OilUncertainty on OWC

Water DriveUncertainty on geology

Sub-seismic events

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Definition of GeosteeringDefinition of Geosteering

Steering with reference to geological Steering with reference to geological markers

Or Planned interactive use of real-time geological and directional

information to precisely place the position of each section of the well while drilling (Ed Stockhausen, 2008)

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Summary and conclusion10

y

Reactive Geosteering

Well LandingBuild Angle

Reservoir ExitDrop Angle

Objective

Reservoir Exit Reservoir EntryReservoir ExitBuild Angle

Reservoir EntryHold Angle


Steps for Reactive Geosteering1.Recognize reservoir entry exit

Gamma ray, resistivity, density, etc

2 Determine angle of entry exit (relative dip)2.Determine angle of entry exit (relative dip) Well bore image by micro-resistivity, density, gamma

3.Change well course accordinglyg g y

12Ballay, G., (2001) SPE 72282

Borehole Imaging for Reactive GeosteeringAngle of Entry & Exit (Relative Dip)g y p

1. Borehole wall image is acquired while drilling

2. Geosteering engineer looks for sinusoidal patterns

3. Sinusoids are converted to relative dip

Micro-Electrical Sensordip

4. Geological model is updated

5. Geosteering decision is made

Side View of the Borehole

13Unfolded Image ofThe Borehole Wall

No GeosteeringGeometrical Steeringg


Objective

??

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y

Pro-Active Geosteering


Imminent ExitDrop Angle

Objective

Imminent ExitBuild AngleMaximum

ReservoirContact


Pro-Active Geosteering Who Benefits?1 D ill Who Benefits?1. Drillers

No sidetracks Less stability issues Less stability issues

2. Completion Engineers Fewer doglegsFewer doglegs

3. Early Production High reservoir contactg

4. The Environment Fewer wells for given production

5. Cumulative Production Less oil left behind

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Higher cumulative production High reservoir contact

Steps for Pro-Active Geosteeringf1.Anticipate reservoir entry or exit, long before they occur

Deep Wave Resistivity

2.Determine direction of approach2.Determine direction of approach Azimuthally sensitive wave resistivity or educated guess

3.Change well course accordingly

7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700

5195

5200

5205

5210

18Omeragic, D., (2005) SPE 97405

Pro-Active Geosteering WithAzimuthal Wave Resistivityy

Logging While Drilling (LWD)

SchlumbergerPeriscopeTMp

HalliburtonAzimuthal DeepAzimuthal DeepResistivity ADRTM

k hBaker HughesAziTrakTM

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Pro-Active Geosteering With Azimuthal Deep Wave Resistivity LWDAzimuthal Deep Wave Resistivity LWD

Geosteering with up-down resistivity

Geosteering with resistivity images

Geosignal and distance to bed boundaryGeosignal and distance to bed boundary

Depth of first detection for azimuthal deep resistivity

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resistivity

Geosteering with Up-Down Resistivity A i th l W R i ti it LWDAzimuthal Wave Resistivity LWD

Rt

Horn

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Geosteering with Non-Azimuthal Wave Resistivity

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ShaleShale1 -m 1 -m

1

OilOil 10 -m10 -m

WaterWater1 -m 1 -m

0-0 .6 0 0 .6

hm-m

hm-m

Oh

Oh

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Geosteering with Azimuthal Deep Wave Resistivity ; Up-Down Resistivity

1

ShaleShale ShaleShale1 -m 1 -m

1

OilOil OilOil 10 -m10 -m

WaterWater WaterWater1 -m 1 -m

0-0 .6 0 0 .6

UP

hm-m Down

hm-m

Down

Oh

UP

Oh

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Down UP

Geosteering with Azimuthal Deep Wave Resistivity Images and Bright Spots

Bright spot nearboundaries

Deeper image sees bright spot before shallower image

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Geosteering with Azimuthal Deep Wave Resistivity Images and Bright Spots

Well Path Close to RoofWell Path Close to RoofFloor

25Chemali, R., (2008) SPE-IPTC-12547 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

The Geosteering Signal or Geosignal Helps Determine Distance And Direction of Boundaryy

In general the geosignalpoints towards the lessresistive formation

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Geosignal Magnitude vs. Distance to BoundaryAzimuthal Deep Wave Resistivityp y


Geosteering with Azimuthal Deep Wave ResistivityReal Time DecisionsReal-Time Decisions

Density ImageLanding ofThe Well Low Resistivity Above the WellAzimuthal Deep Resistivity Image

Crossing the Mid-Point

The Well

Geosignals

Low Resistivity Below the Well

Crossing the Mid-Point

Low Resistivity Above the Well

downupAzimuthal Resistivity

D A lPorosity Log

Gamma Log

Build AngleDrop Angle

Primary Target

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Primary Target






y

Geosteering with Seismic While Drilling

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Geosteering with Formation Pressure1. Reservoir compartmentalization or connectivity by pressure and fluid ID

2. Pressure gradient for long distance well inclination

31Buysch, A., (2005) SPE-93229 2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Summary and Conclusion Reactive geosteering: react to boundariesWellbore images

Proactive geosteering: anticipate boundariesProactive geosteering: anticipate boundariesDeep azimuthal resistivity

Geosteering enhances early production by maximizing reservoir contact

Geosteering optimizes sweep efficiency and ultimate oil recovery thru the life of the field

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ultimate oil recovery thru the life of the field

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

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