14th – 15th

Spanish Kingdoms

Main Characteristics

• There was no political unity:– Nasrid Kingdom of Granada– Kingdom of Castile– Crown of Aragon– Kingdom of Navarre– Kingdom of Portugal

• Fights between Nobility and Monarchy for controlling the power.

Castile

• Civil war between Pedro I, the Cruel and his stepbrother Enrique (Enrique II).

• New Dynasty: Trastámara• Conflicts between Monarchy and Nobility

Enrique IIPedro I,the Cruel

Aragon

• Mediterranean Expansion• Jaime II: Conquest of Sardinia• Pedro IV: Duchies of Athens and Neopatria• Arrival of the dynasty of “Trastámara”:

– “Compromiso de Caspe”: Fernando I (Trastámara dynasty)

Navarre

• New dynasty: Évreux• Under the influence of France

Social Problems• The Black Death: it occurred in all the

Kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula.

Dance of Death

All social classes were equal for The Death

Pogroms• Persecution of Jews

– Castile: • 1391, Toledo (between 8.000 – 20.000 Jews were

killed)• 15th : attacks against converts

– Aragón: • Barcelona, Gerona, Valencia (100.000 Jews)• Moorish quarters

– Navarre: 1328

Reasons:• Jews collected taxes• Controlled loans• They didn’t integrate• They were accused of many types of evil

deeds.Consequences• Many Jews changed their religion, they

converted.• Many Jews emigrated: Diaspora

Revolts against NobilityCastile:• Irmandiño Wars• Peasants and Cities rebelled against Nobility

Aragon:• Rebellion of the Remences (“Payeses de

Remensa”)• Peasants and fought against Nobles• They managed to get the feudal uses

abolished.

• Conflict between “La Biga y La Busca”– “La Biga”: composed by the city oligarchy– “La Busca”: artisans that want to participate in the

town council