Spanish America

and Brazil

Spain’s New WorldEmpire

State and ChurchState and Church

Spanish America expanded rapidly after 1492

Portugal controlled Brazilian coast by 1600

Colonial administration was based on the European model

Spanish Council of the Indies replaced conquistadors

Distance from Europe meant viceroys had a degree of independence

Spanish America expanded rapidly after 1492

Portugal controlled Brazilian coast by 1600

Colonial administration was based on the European model

Spanish Council of the Indies replaced conquistadors

Distance from Europe meant viceroys had a degree of independence

Catholic Church pursued conversion (religion, language, culture)

Native resistance, depopulation meant that the Church became an urban institution (schools, universities)

Catholic Church pursued conversion (religion, language, culture)

Native resistance, depopulation meant that the Church became an urban institution (schools, universities)

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Colonial EconomiesColonial Economies

American gold, silver, sugar financed European global domination

1st labor systems (encomienda, mita) est. w/Amerindian labor

Over time, African slave trade became more important

American gold, silver, sugar financed European global domination

1st labor systems (encomienda, mita) est. w/Amerindian labor

Over time, African slave trade became more important

Colonial SocietyColonial Society

European immigrants exerted disproportionate control (Peninsulares, creoles)

“Indian” became a racial signifier

Mestizos and mulattoes-mixed ancestry

Those w/African ancestry barred from privileged positions by 1600

European immigrants exerted disproportionate control (Peninsulares, creoles)

“Indian” became a racial signifier

Mestizos and mulattoes-mixed ancestry

Those w/African ancestry barred from privileged positions by 1600

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English and French Colonies in North America

English MotivationsEnglish Motivations

Find NW Passage to Asia

Rival Spanish Source of raw materials, export market

First English colony (Roanoke, 1587) failed

Find NW Passage to Asia

Rival Spanish Source of raw materials, export market

First English colony (Roanoke, 1587) failed

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Roanoke Island-The “Lost Colony”

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

VA Company- est. 1606

Jamestown Colony- f. 1607

New colony struggled to survive (disease, location, etc.)

VA Company- est. 1606

Jamestown Colony- f. 1607

New colony struggled to survive (disease, location, etc.)

Intro. of tobacco saved colony-required indentured servants, later slaves

Other S. colonies (MD, NC, SC, GA) also had plantation economies (tobacco, indigo, rice) and therefore slavery

Intro. of tobacco saved colony-required indentured servants, later slaves

Other S. colonies (MD, NC, SC, GA) also had plantation economies (tobacco, indigo, rice) and therefore slavery

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Middle Atlantic Colonies

Middle Atlantic Colonies

English captured New Amsterdam-1664 (renamed NY)

New colony linked NE and S

NJ-accommodated expanding pop.

PA-haven for Quakers

Economy-trade, farming

English captured New Amsterdam-1664 (renamed NY)

New colony linked NE and S

NJ-accommodated expanding pop.

PA-haven for Quakers

Economy-trade, farming

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New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

1st colonies (Plymouth, MA Bay) est. by Puritans escaping persecution

Economy-based on trade and farming

Other NE colonies (NH, CT, RI) founded due to expan. From MA

1st colonies (Plymouth, MA Bay) est. by Puritans escaping persecution

Economy-based on trade and farming

Other NE colonies (NH, CT, RI) founded due to expan. From MA

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New FranceNew France Cartier-claimed land

around the St. Lawrence River for France in 1534

Champlain-founded Quebec as 1st Fr. colony in the New World in 1608

Economy depended on fur trade

French missionaries would spread Catholicism (Jesuits)

Cartier-claimed land around the St. Lawrence River for France in 1534

Champlain-founded Quebec as 1st Fr. colony in the New World in 1608

Economy depended on fur trade

French missionaries would spread Catholicism (Jesuits)