Soybean Research and Production

Update

Greg Endres, Extension area agronomistNDSU Carrington Research Extension Center

gregory.endres@ndsu.edu 701-652-2951

Production management 1. research and recs2. challenges

2015 REC production management trials

• Impact of previous crop on soybean Carrington*, NC (Minot) and Langdon

• Plant establishment1. Planting dates: Carrington*, Hettinger, NC2. Planting rates: Langdon*, NC* 3. Row spacing: Carrington*, NC

• Plant nutrition1. Seed inoculation/N fixation: Carrington*, NC*2. Planting time fertilizer: Carrington*3. Foliar fertilization: Carrington, NC

• Plant protection 1. Weed: Carrington*, NC* 2. Disease: Carrington*, Langdon*, NC

*multiple trials

NDSU Research Summary of Soybean Plant Establishment Factors (Jan 2015)

Factor Option AA Yield

> B (%)

Option BNDSU trials

(conducted during 1999-2014)

Tillage system reduced till 4 conventional till

37

Previous crop wheat 5 soybean 6Planting date < early

May12 mid May 5

Planting rate (pls/A) 150-

175,0005 100-130,000 36

Row spacing (inches) 14-21 3 28-30 22Seed fungicide yes 5 no 28Seed inoculation with soybean history

yes 2 no 8

P app at planting time broadcast 1

band (away from

seed)6

Timing of initial weed control

at planting 5early POST (2-

to 4-inch weeds)

8

Compiled by Greg Endres, Extension Area Agronomist

Soybean Establishment Trials, CREC, 2011-12 and 2014: SEED YIELD WITH EARLY PLANTING DATES

43.5

53.7

37.6

27.9

47.2

40.7

50.6

30.3

19.5

44.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CREC 2011 CREC 2012 NewRockford

2012

Wishek2012

CREC 2014

earlynormal

*

*

*

Apr 30/May 15 May 2/17 Apr 24/May 16May 5/19

bush

els/

A

May 5/23

*

Soybean planting progress, ND, 2015*

A27 M4 M11 M18 M26 J1 J8 J150

102030405060708090

100

113

2432

54

7587

97

*NASS

%

Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2015: Planting date

*average bare soil temp (F):May 1-2 = 58 to 60; May 1-20 = 36 (May 18) to 61 May 21-22 = 55 to 59; May 21-31 = 55 to 68

NDAWN

May 18

Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2015: Planting date – impact on plant emergence

Planting dateDates for plant development (from

planting)Emergence

(days) Plants/acreMay 1 May 27 (26) 196,000May 21 May 29 (8) 195,400

May 1 May 21

(picture: June 3)

Soybean yield with seed inoculation methods in field with recent production, Carrington, 2015*

30.828.7

25.327.1

05

1015

2025

3035

bu/a

cre check

liquidgranularliq+gran

*history of soybean production: 2013. Inoculant: liquid=Vault HP; granular=RhizoFlo

LSD (0.05): NS

Soybean yield with seed inoculation methods in field with recent production, Wishek, 2015*

22.4 22.224.5 25.4

05

1015

2025

3035

bu/a

cre check

liquidgranularliq+gran

*history of soybean production: 2013. Inoculant: liquid=Optimize; granular=RhizoFlo

LSD (0.05): NS

Soybean yield response to seed inoculation with prior production history, Wishek, 4-year average (2010, 2012-13

and 2015)*

25.5 26.3

05

1015

2025

30bu

/acr

e noyes

*One year between soybean production; granular inoculant

Soybean yield among row spacings, Carrington, 2007*

59.3 62.654.2

010

2030

4050

6070

bu/a

cre 7"

14"7" pair

LSD (0.05): 4.2

7” pair 14” 28”

Row spacing X plant architecture trial, CREC, 2015

Soybean response to row spacings, Carrington, 2015

Row spacing* Stand

Pod height

Canopy closure

Seed yield

inches plants/A cm date bu/A7 paired 117,530 8 July 22 20.7

14 118,530 8 July 12 18.728 120,350 5 Aug 8 19.6

LSD (0.05)

NS NS 7 NS

*Row number: 7” pairs=4; 14”=3; 28”=2.

RR soybean variety trial results, CREC, 2015Dryland - CarringtonVarieties 75Companies 18Maturity group 00.8-0.9Seed yield (bu/A) average 34.9 range 27.3-42.1

WishekVarieties 41Companies 11Maturity group 0.5-1.3Seed yield (bu/A) average 51.4 range 41.5-63.3

Comments:5 varieties with yield >40 bu/A (40.2-42.1 bu/A) and 4 of these varieties MG 0.2-0.3

Comments:4 varieties with yield >58 bu/A (58.1-63.3 bu/A) and 3 of these varieties MG 0.8-0.9

SOYBEAN SEASON (and beyond) PRODUCTION CALLENGES• Herbicide-resistant weeds• SCN• IDC• Low oil and protein content

19/35%

Slide courtesy of Randy Grueneich, Barnes Co.

Standard soybean seed moisture is 13%. Harvest reports of very dry soybean seed are common. If soybean seed is marketed at 8% moisture, there is a weight loss of about 5.43% versus at 13% moisture; at 9% moisture, it's 4.4% loss; at 10% moisture, 3.3% loss; at 11% moisture, 2.25% loss; and at 12% moisture, it's 1.14% loss. For a field yielding 35 bushels/acre, harvesting at 10% moisture results in 1.16 fewer bushels/acre. With soybeans priced at $8/bushel, that's a loss of $9.24/acre.

Questions?