Soybean Production Research Update

Greg Endres, Extension area agronomistNDSU Carrington Research Extension Center

gregory.endres@ndsu.edu 701-652-2951

NDSU Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY

• 1999-2001 Tillage system, planting dates and rates,

row spacing, and maturity groups Carrington*, Minot and Hettinger

• 2002-04 Planting dates and rates, row spacing, and

maturity groups Carrington* and Minot

Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY (continued)

• 2008-11 Planting dates and rates, row spacing,

special foliar inputs, maturity groups, and tiling

Carrington*, Prosper and Fargo

NDSU Research Summary of Soybean Plant Establishment Factors (May 2014)

Factor Option AA Yield

> B (%)

Option BNDSU trials

(conducted during 1999-2013)

Tillage system reduced till 7 conventional till

19

Previous crop wheat 5 soybean 6

Planting date < early May

13 mid May 4

Planting rate (pls/A) 150-

175,0005 100-130,000 31

Row spacing (inches) 14-21 3 28-30 22

Seed fungicide yes 5 no 28

Seed inoculation with soybean history

yes 0 no 7

P app at planting time broadcast 0

band (away from

seed)5

Timing of initial weed control

at planting 4early POST (2-

to 4-inch weeds)

5

Compiled by Greg Endres, Extension Area Agronomist

Soybean Intensive Management Studies: HISTORY (continued)

•2011-14Carrington

• 2 tillage systems– conventional and direct seed (‘no-till’)

• 3 planting time fertilizer treatments– untreated check, broadcast, 2-inch band– 6-24-6 applied on low-med P (7-9 ppm)

and high-VH K (141-216 ppm) soil • 2 planting dates X 2 maturity

groups– multiple locations

• POST fungicide – ‘plant health’

Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2011-13: SEED YIELD WITH PLANTING-TIME FERTILIZER

44.2 44.9 44.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2011-13

check

broadcast

2" band

P = low-med and K = high-VH. 6-24-6 applied as band at planting or broadcast PRE (not mechanically incorporated). Averaged across planting dates and tillage systems.

Bu

/acr

e

Soybean Establishment Studies, CREC, 2011-12: SEED YIELD WITH PLANTING DATES

43.5

53.7

37.6

27.9

40.7

50.6

30.3

19.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Carrington2011

Carrington2012

New Rockford2012

Wishek 2012

early

normal

*

*

*

Apr 30/May 15 May 2/17 Apr 24/May 16May 5/19

Soybean IM (Establishment) Study, CREC, 2014: Planting dates

May 30Sept 12

0.2 0.8May 5 May 23

*bare soil temp (average):May 5-6 = 46-48F; May 23-24 = 69-73F*10 days min air temp <40F (May 5-17; low 27F)

NDAWN

Soybean Establishment Study, CREC, 2014:

Planting dates – impact on plant development and agronomic factors

Planting datesDates for plant development (from

planting)*

Emergence (days)

Flower Maturity (R8)

May 5 May 28 (23) July 10 Sep 16

May 23 June 3 (11) July 14 Sep 19

Planting dates

Plants/A Canopy closure

Yield

>75% Bu/A

May 5 146,000 July 29

May 23 142,600 Aug 2

*averaged across 2 varieties

NDSU Soybean planting date trials, 2014: Normal (last half May) vs. late (late May-July)• 2 planting dates X 2 maturity groups (G.

Endres)

– Dazey, Wishek and Prosper• 6 planting dates X 2 maturity groups (B.

Johnson)

– Lisbon, Prosper and Carrington• 3 planting dates X 5 planting rates (M.

Ostlie)

– Carrington and Manitoba• 2 planting dates X 5 varieties X 2 tiling (H.

Kandel)

– Fargo• 15 seed treatments X 2 planting dates (P.

Gautam)

– Langdon, Carrington and Minot

2014 REC production management trials

• Row spacing X planting rates – Williston (D. Tanaka)

• Planting rates– Park River and Pekin (B. Hanson)

• Impact of previous crop (canola) on soybean – Minot (B. Jenks) and Langdon

• Numerous crop rotation; disease and weed mgmt; and plant nutrition – Carrington

Timing of initial weed control Soybean yieldWeed height Soybean stage bu/A

48.0

2 to 4 inches

VC-V2 (unifoliate to 1st

trifoliate) 46.9

6 to 8 inches

V2-V4 (2nd to 4th trifoliate) 45.2

> 10 inches

V4-R2 (4th trifoliate to

full flower) 37.719.3

NDSU: 4 site-years (2011-12).

Soybean yield loss from weeds

At planting (soil application)

Untreated check

Timing of initial weed control in soybean, Carrington, Langdon and Minot, 2014

CREC - July 2

Fall and spring herbicides for kochia control prior to soybean planting, CREC, 2014 (M. Ostlie)

• Fall application Oct 3, 2013– Anthem, Broadaxe, Fierce, metribuzin, Spartan

and Valor• Spring application May 7

– Same herbicides as above plus metribuzin+Sharpen, Verdict and Verdict+Zidua

• Soybean planted June 3• Evaluation of kochia control June 19

– 83-84% control• fall Spartan (8 oz) • spring Broadaxe (25 oz), metribuzin (0.5 lb) and Verdict

(7.5 oz)

White mold

Variety tolerance is associated with plant structure, not genetics Accumulation of about 4 wk of wet topsoil for apothecia germ/emerge 40 hr of wet foliage for infection Apply fungicide (Endura) at 3-5 days before full canopy closure

1. www.ag.ndsu.edu/CarringtonREC/plant-pathology2. CREC YouTube channel

NDSU Soybean research database

• Funding from ND Soybean Council Central website for NDSU soybean

production research Will request research reports for posting

organized by categories (e.g. plant nutrition, plant protection, general agronomy, etc.)

Will be coordinated with NDSU Crops Website (formerly ‘ProCrop’): www.ag.ndsu.edu/crops/

Questions?