solution brief mobile operators - ekinops - optical ... · mobile operators are facing more and ......

Mobile operators are facing more and more challenges in the last mile.

THAT IS WHY, SOME MOBILE OPERATORS DECIDE TO IMPLEMENT C-RAN OR CLOUD RAN ARCHITECTURES IN THEIR

NETWORK, CENTRALIZING BASE BAND UNITS (BBUS) IN PARALLEL, WITH A CLEAR MIGRATION TO FIBER INTERCONNECTING

RRHS AND BBUS.

E K I N O P S P R O P R I E T A R Y I N F O R M A T I O N : : A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D

THE EVOLUTION of Radio Access Networks

(RANs) is driven by both technology and economics.

Globally, there is a need for more radio sites to achieve

better coverage and a higher user data throughput, while at

the same time assuring operator revenue. Reliance on the

CPRI and OBSAI protocols specified for carrying digitized

samples of RF carrier waveforms, introduces the notion of

‘’fronthaul’’, being complementary to the legacy backhaul.

RAN backhaul architecture continues to evolve, moving

from a traditional PDH/SDH-based infrastructure to packet-

oriented backhaul, with the growth of fiber surpassing

microwave.

Ekinops believes that gradually fronthaul and backhaul will

be mixed in order to optimize the mobile access network

architecture. For instance, active CPRI aggregation equipment

at a radio site should also be able to handle the backhaul of

legacy radio equipment at the same site.

Ekinops also believes that the fronthaul architecture

will consist of passive WDM solutions or active WDM

solutions, or a mix, to optimally respond to each site’s

topology needs or constraints.

THE EKINOPS COMPLETE FRONTHAUL SOLUTION, BASED ON

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE WDM EQUIPMENT, IS DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES.

> Huge radio site densification in response to data capacity

needs, in order to asure better coverage and higher user

data throughput.

> Several different radio frequencies being used at a given site

for each 2G, 3G and 4G layer, requiring a growing number

of Radio Remote Heads (RRHs) per site.

> In the face of increasing OPEX costs, power and space are key.

> Site acquisition / renegotiation has become more difficult

especially in dense areas.

> Time to market is critical, which means mobile operators

must be able to rapidly extend existing sites, or deploy

new sites.

EKINOPS LAST MILE SOLUTIONFOR BACKHAUL & FRONTHAUL

APPLICATIONS

This trend is mainly driven by:

>

SOLUTION BRIEF 03 |2015

FINAL_Ekinops Last Mile Solution Brief_Mise en page 1 30/08/15 16:58 Page1

In the face of a heterogeneous network evolution, it is

necessary to address the co-existence of different fronthaul

and backhaul generations.

In the case of green-field deployments, of course, the design

can be more streamlined.

In this solution brief we will first address the passive fronthaul

concept and its implementation possibilities.

Then we will look at the aggregation possibilities in fronthaul.

Finally, we will consider mixed scenarios, in which fronthaul

and backhaul take advantage of common and evolution-

capable platforms, leveraging unprecedented mobile RAN

possibilities at a lower cost.

EthernetBackbone

CPRIports

Fiber pairs

Antenna siteswith multiple RRHs

Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

Base Band Unit

BBU

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRHRRHRRHRRHRRHRRH

GENERAL LAST MILE & FRONTHAUL NETWORKARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES

■PASSIVE SOLUTION | CWDM


Any passive topology must be supported when using CPRI in a passive CWDM network context, starting with basic

black and white point-to-point links and ranging to colorized star and tree topologies. These topologies rely on optical

multiplexers where the sole design limit is the number of available colors (typically 16 for CWDM) of the transceivers, and

their associated optical budgets. Synchronization signals and protocols can be carried over dedicated wavelengths.

Figure1 : Black and White Point-to-Point Fronthaul Architecture

Single/Fiber pairs

EthernetBackbone

CPRIports

Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

Base Band Unit

BBU

Central Office with BBU hostelling

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH RRHRRH RRHRRH


RRHRRHRRHRRHRRHRRH

Figure 2: CWDM Fronthaul Architecture using Multiplexers

| 2



Introducing passive OADMs (Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers) allows for ring and mesh topologies, thus enabling

protection of the CPRI streams. Also, evolutions of the network (adding specific CPRI capacity) are eased by using OADMs.

Very smallantenna site

λ1 λ2

CPRI interfaceat each RRH

2 ch OADM

EthernetBackbone

CPRIports Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

Base Band Unit

BBU


RRHRRH RRHRRH

RRHRRH



RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRHRRHRRHRRHRRH

Figure 3: CWDM Fronthaul Star Architecture using Multiplexers and OADMs

Figure 4: CWDM Fronthaul Ring Architecture using Multiplexers and different degree OADMs


Very small cell site

Secured mappingof CPRI streams

1 ch OA

DM

Small cell site

2 ch OADM 2 ch OADM

λ2 λ3 λ4 λ5 λ6 λ7

λ1

Small cell site

λ6 λ7


EthernetBackbone

CPRIports

Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

RRHRRH



>

| 3



Any legacy multiplexers, OADM, and standard SFP(+) transceiver solutions are addressed by the Ekinops portfolio.

One of the CWDM Optical channels is dedicated to optical line supervision optical loopback on the remote site managed

by the Ekinops Supervisory channel management card (EKINOPS PM OSC).

> Alarm management display on CLI/Craft in case of fiber break or attenuation changes,

> Option to manage different directions in a single chassis.

The Ekinops solution relies on a 1RU passive chassis that can

hold various elements such as multiplexers and OADMs.

With the CWDM multiplexers, either 8- or 16-color muxing

schemes are supported in a dual fiber configuration. For

single fiber configuration, the multiplexers support either 4

or 8 paired channels. Specific monitoring ports (Tap Splitters)

are also available.

For the CWDM OADMs, single-sided add/drop as well as

add/drop at each side of 2, 4, and 8 channels are available

for dual fiber configurations.

For the single fiber CWDM OADMs, single-sided add/drop

as well as add/drop at each side of 1, and 2 paired channels

are available.

> Note that all CWDM passives are Extended Temperature

Range (ETR) capable, from -40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F.

In the DWDM band, bidirectional 16, 32, and 40 channel flat

top muxing schemes are available.

Furthermore, single-sided add/drop and both-end

add/drops OADMs are available for a dual fiber scheme.

Central Officewith BBU hostelling


on site 2


on site 3

Ekinops chassis dedicatedto optical supervision

200

EthernetBackbone

Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

FRONTHAUL SUPERVISION

■ EKINOPS SOLUTION | PASSIVE CWDM AND DWDM

R-OADM

R-OADM

R-OADM

R-OADM

Base Band Unit

BBURRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

Figure 6: DWDM Fronthaul RingArchitecture using ROADMs

■ACTIVE SOLUTION | DWDM

A DWDM grid leverages the overall

addressable number of CPRI streams a given

network can address (typically 80 wavelengths).

Furthermore, when introducing ROADMs,

flexible mobile fronthaul architectures ready

for capacity evolutions can be rolled out.

Figure 5: Optical Loopback at Antenna Sitefor Fronthaul Infrastructure Supervision

| 4



Example #1

■ EKINOPS SOLUTION | ACTIVE ELECTRICAL CPRI AGGREGATION

The Ekinops CPRI 10G muxponder solution (PM LMA) is a CPRI aggregator, offering a very flexible multiplexing capability

of up to 10 aggregation ports and 2 line ports. For instance, as shown in Example #1 you can — with a single EKINOPS

PM LMA — start backhauling today up to 4 CPRI option 3 signals and one Sync-E. Later, if the fronthaul requires additional

capacity, additional CPRI signals and Sync-E can be provisioned on the same PM LMA. Furthermore, a PM LMA can be

configured to fronthaul up to 9 CPRI option 3 signals in a dual 10G signal as shown in Example #2 :

Single 10G signal4xCPRI (2457.6 Mbit/s)

1x Sync-E (GbE)

Single 10G signal4xCPRI (2457.6 Mbit/s)

1x Sync-E (GbE)

9xCPRI (2457.6 Mbit/s)Dual 10G signal

Figure 8: The EKINOPS PM LMA addressing radio sites with different fronthaul capacities in a ring architecture

■ACTIVE SOLUTION | CPRI AGGREGATIONActive electrical CPRI aggregation allows use of fewer fibers and colors (either black and white, CWDM or DWDM) and offers

operators a more efficient use of their optical infrastructure.

Such an aggregation scheme does add jitter and delay to the CPRI streams but that can remain acceptable with respect to

the final RF carrier time deviation and delay budget.

Example #2

200

1 ch OA

DM

2 ch OADM 1 ch OADM

λ2 λ3

λ1

λ4

EthernetBackbone

CPRIports

Carrier Ethernet

Base Band Unit

BBU

Small siteS ll i

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

10G

200

Medium siteM di i

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

2x10G

200

Large siteL it

40G

200

RRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

RRHRRH

Figure 7: Fronthaul Architecture using Active CPRI Aggregation

| 5



Regarding mobile synchronization, the Sync-E port allows for carrying the frequency synchronization (required for 2G to 4G

standards) in a packet-based backhaul network.

If the PTP 1588v2 protocol is run to offer frequency and phase synchronizations (required by legacy LTE TDD, CDMA2000,

TD-SCDMA, WiMax [TDD], and the CoMP1 and MBSFN1 features of LTE-Advanced) the Sync-E signal offers a robust support to

phase synchronization when jointly used with the PTP 1588v2 protocol.

■ARCHITECTURES

2G

3G

3G/4G

Base Station

Node BCPRI Fronthaul

FE/GbE Backhaul

200

RRHRRH RRHRRH

RRHRRH

> The EKINOPS PM LMA addresses radio sites of different

capacities.

> It is Extended Temperature Range (ETR) capable (-40°C

to +65°C/-40°F to +149°) so compatible with other

elements of the ETR product range already available.

> Latency is 2 μs without FEC, 5 μs with FEC.

> Measured final RF carrier time deviation, at air interface,

is as low as -0.25 ppb (mean) with a standard deviation

of 5.12 ppb, while radio standards require a maximal

frequency deviation of 50 ppb (measured on a 4G site).

> Supported protocols at client interfaces: CPRI line

bit rate options 1 to 7 (614.4, 1228.8, 2457.6, 3072.0,

4915.2, 6144.0, and 9830.4 Mbit/s), Synchronous Ethernet

IEEE 1582v2.

> Optical interfaces of at client side: SFP+

> Line interfaces: SFP+, QSFP. Proprietary protocol.

No applicable standard.

■MIXED SCENARIOS

Thanks to its flexibility, the EKINOPS C200HC-ETR chassis

can also :

> Transport legacy Ethernet backhaul traffic from

already deployed base stations with aggregating

muxponders and transport fronthaul CPRI traffic

with the EKINOPS PM LMA.

> Both backhaul and fronthaul architectures are supported

in the same chassis.≥ Figure 10: Mixed scenarios

on the EKINOPS PM LMA

QSFP 4x10G carrying 18xCPRI9xCPRI

on the 1st EKINOPS PM-LMA

The two EKINOPS PM-LMA aredaisy-chained by electrical SFP jumpers

9xCPRIon the 2nd EKINOPS PM-LMA

Figure 9: EKINOPS PM LMAs addressing the different fronthaul (CPRI) and backhaul (FE/GbE) needsin a single 2RU chassis with space for a passive mux or OADM element

■ SYNCHRONIZATION

Example #3 ≥ shows how two EKINOPS PM LMA units

can be joined to offer a fronthaul capacity of up to 18 CPRI

option 3 signals.

In this case, each PM LMA individually gathers and aggregates

up to 9 CPRI option 3 signals.

The first PM LMA is tied to the second PM LMA by

electrical SFP jumpers. Then all the 18 CPRI option 3 signals

are aggregated by the second PM LMA at the line-side

QSFP port, providing a single and very convenient interface

of this massive fronthaul aggregation.

| 6



■ EKINOPS PM_LMA

PLUGGABLE CPRI & SYNC-E MUXPONDER, LAST MILE AND FRONTHAUL AGGREGATOR

• CLIENT INTERFACE

Protocols Supported Protocols CPRI line bit rate options 1 to 7 (614.4, 1228.8, 2457.6, 3072.0, 4915.2, 6144.0 and 9830.4 Mbit/s), synchronous Ethernet IEEE 1582v2

Optical Interface SFP+

Number of Ports 10

• LINE INTERFACE

Protocol Proprietary

Optical Interfaces SFP+, QSFP

Number of Ports (Line) 2 when using SFP+, 1 when using QSFP

■ Multivendor compatibility Yes on client-side | No on line-side

■ Upgradability Yes (remotely)

■ MAIN OM/OADM PRODUCTS IN THE EKINOPS PORTFOLIOPRODUCT CODE DESCRIPTION

RM_OPR Optical Passive Rack, 1U, 2 cartridges capacity, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_Fiber Fiber tray for RM_OPR

CM_OM8-C2-ETR 8 Channel CWDM (1471-1611 nm) Mux, Bidirectional, Monitoring Taps,ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OM8-C2 8 Channel CWDM (1471-1611 nm) Mux, Bidirectional, Monitoring Taps

CM_OM8-C1-ETR 8 Channel CWDM (1271-1371 nm & 1431-1451 nm) Mux, Bidirectional,ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OM8-C1 8 Channel CWDM (1271-1371 nm & 1431-1451 nm) Mux, Bidirectional

CM_OM10-C1-ETR 10 Channel CWDM Mux (1271-1451 nm) Mux, Bidirectional,ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OM10-C1 10 Channel CWDM Mux (1271-1451 nm) Mux, Bidirectional

CM_OADM1H-C-ETR 1 Channel CWDM OADM "Add/Drop to/from Line", Bidirectional, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM2H-C-ETR 2 Channel CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, Bidirectional, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)



>

■ Channels, number, types of interfaces:

EQUIPMENT DISCUSSED IN THIS DOCUMENT

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© E

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Ekinops is a leading supplier of next generation optical transport equipmentfor telecommunications service providers. The EKINOPS360® addresses Metro,Regional, and Long-Haul applications with a single, highly-integrated platform.

Ekinops is a market-leading innovator in 100G transport with a coherent lineof products that truly optimizes optical networks and comes in 1RU, 2RU or7RU chassis. The EKINOPS360® relies on the highly-programmable Ekinops

T CHIP® (Transport-on-a-Chip) architecture that enables fast, flexible andcost-effective delivery of new services for high-speed, high-capacity transport.Using the EKINOPS360® carrier-grade system, operators can simply increasecapacity of their networks — CWDM, DWDM, Ethernet, ESCON, Fiber Channel,SONET/SDH, and uncompressed video (HD-SDI, SD-SDI, ASI).

▼

ABOUT EKINOPS

>

■ MAIN OM/OADM PRODUCTS IN THE EKINOPS PORTFOLIOPRODUCT CODE DESCRIPTION

CM_OADM1-C-ETR 1 Channel CWDM OADM, Bidirectional, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)




CM_OM8-CSF-A-ETR 8 Channel Pairs CWDM Mux, A-Wavelengths labeled TX, Single Fiber,ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OM8-CSF-B-ETR 8 Channel Pairs CWDM Mux, B-Wavelengths labeled TX , Single Fiber,ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM1H-CSF-A-ETR 1 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pair 5), Adds A lambda , Drops B-lambda, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM1H-CSF-B-ETR 1 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pair 5), Adds B lambda , Drops A-lambda, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM2H-CSF-A-ETR 2 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pairs 5-6), Adds A lambdas , Drops B-lambdas,Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM2H-CSF-B-ETR 2 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pairs 5-6), Adds B lambdas , Drops A-lambdas, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM4H-CSF-A-ETR 4 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pairs 5-8), Adds A lambdas , Drops B-lambdas,Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM4H-CSF-B-ETR 4 Channel Pair CWDM OADM “Add/Drop to/from Line“, (Pairs 5-8), Adds B lambdas , Drops A-lambdas, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM1-CSF-ETR 1 Channel Pair CWDM OADM starting Pair 5, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM2-CSF-ETR 2 Channel Pairs CWDM OADM starting Pair 5, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

CM_OADM4-CSF-ETR 4 Channel Pairs CWDM OADM starting Pair 5, Single Fiber, ETR (-40°C to +65°C / -40°F to +149°F)

■

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solution brief mobile operators - ekinops - optical ... · mobile operators are facing more and ......

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