SOIL POLLUTION

• India being an agriculture based economy gives high priority to agriculture, fisheries and livestock development.

• The surplus production is stored by governmental and non-governmental organizations for the lean

seasons.

2,500,000 LITRES

THE SO CALLED HELPFUL CHEMICALSPESTICIDES:-Pesticides are chemicals that are meant to kill pests. The term pesticide includes all of the following : herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator , nematicide , termiticide , molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide,predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent , antimicrobial , fungicide , disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.

THE HISTORY OF SOIL KILLER…..Nicotine

DDT

Aldrin and Dieldrin

Organo-Phosphates

DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE 

PESTICIDE RESISTANCE

The repeated use of the same or similar pesticides give rise to pests that are resistant to that group of pesticides thus making the pesticides ineffective!!!

THE LITTLE BIT BETTER CHEMICALSHerbicides:-

Herbicide(s), also commonly known ……………………as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants.

NacLO3

Sodium Chlorate

Na3AsO3

Sodium Arsinite

Others

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Most herbicides are Toxic to mammals(Including US).

These chemicals also decompose thus become concentrated in the Food Web.

They are less effective than Manual Weeding.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Industrial Waste are divided in two parts:-

Biodegradable Wastes NON-Biodegradable Wastes

BIODEGRADABLE WASTES

Biodegradable waste includes any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things using composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes.

Bio degradable Wastes are generated by cotton mills, food progressing units, paper mills, and textile factories.

NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

Non-biodegradable waste is a type of waste that can not be broken down into its base compounds by micro-organisms, air, moisture or soil in a reasonable amount of time. Non-biodegradable waste is an environmental concern, as it threatens to overwhelm landfills and create disposal problems.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL STRATEGIES

Let’s have a small Quiz………… What steps can you take to save your immediate

environment? Think of some steps you can take to control air, water, soil and

industrial Pollution?

NOW LETS SEE SOME MAJOR STEPS

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WASTE MANAGMENT

The solid waste at your home is not the only waste. There are different types wastes like: medical, agricultural,

industrial and mining waste. The major causes of environmental degradation is the improper

disposal of waste. But everything can be corrected………

COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

What happens with our Garbage?? The Domestic wastes are collected by municipal workers and

delivered to the community bins or directly to the disposal site. At the site, it is sorted out into biodegradable and non-

biodegradable waste. The biodegradable waste is deposited in landfills, whereas the

non-biodegradable waste is send for recycle.

POOR WASTE MANAGMENT

The waste as you normally see finds its way into the sewers and the corner of every locality.

These wastes can choke the sewers as well the animals. The poor waste Management causes health problems and

plaques due to the contamination of the groundwater and your closest area.

It is specially dangerous for the rag pickers and worker in India as more than 95% of them are not provide proper safety gear!

GREEN CHEMISTRY Green chemistry is a way of thinking and is about utilising the existing knowledge and principles of chemistry and other sciences to reduce the adverse impact on the environment.

A chemical reaction involves reactants, attacking reagents and the medium in which the reaction takes place. If the reactants are fully converted into environment friendly medium then there would be no pollutants released in the environment.

The main idea of Green Chemistry is to find uh effective and inexpensive so as not to stop the process of development but to ue all the waste for betterment of the environment.

GREEN CHEMISTRY IN OUR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

Dry Cleaning Of Clothes: Earlier Tetrachloroethane was used as a solvent for dry-

cleaning. The compound contaminates the ground water and is also

suspected as a carcinogen. These days, two chemicals are used:1. Liquefied carbon dioxide with suitable detergents since it is

less harmful to groundwater.2. Hydrogen Peroxide is used for the purpose of bleaching

clothes, which is better in all ways.

Bleaching Of Paper:- Most of the paper we used is bleached to a bright white with

chlorine. When wood pulp is bleached by chlorine, chemical reactions take place which produce dioxins, organochlorines, and a wide variety of other toxic chemicals. These toxins are released with wastewater into our rivers and streams, or into “containment” ponds that accomplish little in the way of containing the toxins.

Today, instead hydrogen peroxide is used with a suitable catalyst is used. It is less harmful to the groundwater and thus less harmful to us.

Synthesis of Chemicals:- Ethanal is now commercially prepared by one step

oxidation of ethane in the presence of ionic catalyst in aqueous medium with a yield of 90%.

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