sistema digestorium 2
DESCRIPTION
digestiveTRANSCRIPT
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SISTEMA DIGESTORIUM
Muharramadina fla ravindaG1A013035
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TRACTUS DIGESTIVUS• Tractus digestivus adalah organ-organ yang dilewati makanan :• Cavum oris -> faring-> esophagus-> gaster -> duodenum->
jejenum -> ileum-> colon -> rectum -> anus
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I. TRACTUS DIGESTIVUS1. CAVUM ORIS2. PHARYNX3. OESOPHAGUS4. GASTER5. INTESTINUM TENUE6. INTESTINUM CRASSUM7. CANALIS ANALIS
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1. Cavum oris batas anterior : labia superior et inferiorBatas superior : palatum durum dan palatum mole
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a. DentisPerbedaan gigi anak dan dewasa
Gigi anak-anak Gigi dewasa
4 incisivus media 4 incisivus media
4 incisivus lateral 4 incisivus lateral
4 caninus 4 caninus
4 molar pertama 4 premolar pertama
4 molar kedua 4 premolar kedua
4 molar pertama
4 molar kedua
4 molar ketiga
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Incicivus = gigi seri
Caninus =gigi taring
Pre molar = gigi graham kecil
Molar = gigi graham
Gingiva = bagian mukosa ronga mulut yang mengelilingi gigi dan menutupi lingir (ridge) alveolar
Periodontium = jaringan yang mengelilingi dan mendukung gigi,
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Struktur penting pada gigi• Ligamentum periodontal : perekat gigi • Corona dentis• Email : melapisi gigi• Radix dentis• Cementum• Dens decidua
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b. Lingua 1. Bagian bagian lidah• apex lingua• Corpus lingua• Radix lingua
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Apex lingua = ujung lidahRadix lingua = 1/3 bagian posterior lingua
pangkal lidahCorpus = 2/3 bagian anterior linguaPapila lingualis = Permukaan lidah kasar karena ada tonjolan-
tonjolan yang tersebar di permukaan lidah, tonjolan ini merupakan tempat receptor gustatorius
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Otot pada lidahOtot-otot intrinsik M. Longitudinalis lingua M. Tranversalis lingua M. Vertikalis lingus
Otot-otot ekstrinsik• M. Genioglosus• M. Hyoglossus• M.styloglossus• M.palatoglossus
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2. pharynx• Terdiri dari tiga bagian :
a. Nasopharynxb. Oropharynxc. laryngopharynx
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Esophagus
Bagian :• Pars cervicalis • Pars thoracalis• Pars abdominalis
Struktur• Sphyngter esophageal superior• Sphyngter esophageal innferior• Hiatus esophageus
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Gaster
a. Bagian : pars cardiac, pars fundus, pars corpus, pars phylorus
b. Sphyngter : Sphyngter phylorus dan Sphyngter esofageal inferior
c. Incisura : Incisura cardiaca dan Incisura angularisd. Curvatura : Curvatura major dan Curvatura minore. Dinding lambung tersusun menjadi 4 lapisan :mucosa ,
Submucosa,Muscularis,dan serosa
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Usus halus (intestinum tenue)
• Duodenum1. Bagian : pars ampulla,pars descenden,pars
horizontalis ,pars ascenden2. Bermuara : papilla duodeni major dan papilla
duodeni minor• Jejenum• Ileum
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STRUKTURSPHINGTER ILEOCAECALISVALVULA ILEOCECALIS/VALVULA BAUCHINI
jejenum Ileum
Panjang 2,5 3,5
Dinding Tebal Tipis
Diameter Besar Kecil
Vasa recta Panjang/tegak PendekArcade Longgar Beranyaman
Lemak mesenterium Sedikit Banyak
Plica sirkularis Bentuk bulu/ sikat Bentuk tong
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caecum• Terdapat appendix vermiformis, 6 cm • Titik mc.burney (pangkal appendix): 1/3 SIAS dextra dengan
umbilicalis• Titik v..lanz (puncak appendix yang menggantung ke atas):1/3
kanan antara SIAS dextra-sinistra
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Usus besar
Bagian• Colon ascenden• Colon descenden• Colon transversum• Colon sigmoid
Struktur Haustra coliTaenia coliFlexura coli dextraFlexura coli sinistra
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Rectum-anus• Rectum adalah tempat penyimpanan feses sebelum dikeluarkan
sphyngter ani : sphyngrer ani external dan sphyngter ani internal• M. Sphincter ani internus = sebuah cincin otot yang mengelilingi
sekitar 2,5 cm dari anal kanal ; batas inferior adalah kontak dengan, tapi cukup terpisah dari, sfingter ani eksternus
• M. Sphincter ani externus = bidang datar dari serat otot, berbentuk elips dan erat melekat pada integumen sekitar margin dari anus
• M. Levator ani = muncul, di depan, dari permukaan posterior ramus superior pubis lateralsimfisis , belakang, dari permukaan dalam dari tulang belakang dari iskium , dan antara dua titik, dari fasia obturatorius
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Aplikasi klinis• Diare• Konstipasi• apendisitis
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Organ assesorius digestivus
• Organ yang tidak dilewati makanan tetapi berperan dalam proses pencernaan
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1. Glandula saliva• Kelenjar yang menghasilkan air liur yang mengandung enzim
alfa amilase atau ptialin,glandula saliva terdiri dari 3 pasanga. Glandula parotidb. Glandula sublingualc. Glandula submandibula
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2. Hepar • Merupakan organ terbesar di abdomen • Terletak pada regio hipocondriaca dextra dan regio epigastrica• Terdiri dari 4 lobus
1. lobus hepatis dextra2. Lobus hepatis sinistra3. Lobus quadratus4. Labus caudatus• Ligamentum :
Ligamentum falciformeLigamentum Teres hepatisLigamentum CoronariumLigamentum Triangulare dextraLigamentum Triangulare sinistraLigamentum venosum
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• Fungsi : produksi dan sekresi empedu,detoksifikasi,Produk protein
• Aplikasi klinis : hepatitis , sirosis hepatitis, ruptur hepar
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Kantung empedu• Terdiri dari :• Fundus• Corpus• Collum
FungsiMemekatkan dan menyimpan sementar empedu yang berasal
dari hepar dan nantinya kan dikeluarkan menuju duodenumAplikasi klinis• cystitis
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Ductus yang berperan dalam proses pengeluaran empedu• Ductus hepaticus dextra et sinistra• Ductus hepaticus comunis• Ductus cycticus• Ductus choledocus
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Pancreas
I. Organ endokrin penghasil hormon insulin,glukagon,somatostatinII. Organ eksokrin penghasil enzim amilase,lipase,tripsinIII. Terdiri dari 4 bagian• Caput pancreatis• Collum pancreatis• Corpus pancreatis• Cauda pancreatis
Terdapat dua ductus• Ductus pancreaticus wirsungi yang akan bermuara ke papilla
duodeni mayor• Ductus pancreaticus sartorini yang ajan bermuara ke papilla
duodeni minor Aplikasi klinis : pankreatitis ,diabetes mellitus
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peritonum• Lapisan /selaput pembungkus organ yang terdapat pada
rongga abdomen ,diantaranya terdapat:• Mesenterium • Omentum majus• Omentum minus
Aplikasi klinisperitonitis
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vascularisasi systema digestorium • Truncus coeliacus = kumpulan dari arteri gastrika, arteri
splenika, arteri lienalis, dan arteri hepatika
• A. Mesenterica superior• A. Mesenterica inferior
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Sacralis mediana = arteri yang berasal sebagai cabang terminal dari aorta; ada pada tingkat vertebra lumbalis keempat
Artery Iliaca interna = arteri untuk struktur bagian dalam pelvis dan regio gluteal
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• Vena porta hepatica = berasal dari lambung dan usus, yang kaya akan nutrien. Seperti asam amino, monosakarida, vitamin yang larut dalam air, dan mineral
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TERIMAKASIH