sistem informasi geografis

Sistem Informasi GeografisSistem Informasi Geografis

Pertemuan 4Teknologi, Aplikasi & Bidang-Bidang Pemanfatan GIS

Part 1

Sistem Informasi Geografis

GIS TechnologyGIS

Dekstop GIS Web GIS Mobile GIS

• GIS is moving from Desktop systems to Distributed system ▫OpenGIS concept increase the interoperability of

geospatial data


Desktop GIS• Represents the real world on a computer • Limited to the desktop Computer• Not everyone can access the applications• Desktop GIS Functionalities

▫View data on a map▫Analyze data Create, edit, and analyze

geographic data on your desktop computer.

▫Create publication quality, professional maps


Desktop GIS• GIS Software

▫Proprietary Software ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI) Envision (Autodesk) MapInfo Professional

▫Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) GRASS GIS Quantum GIS (QGIS)


Proprietary Software1. ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI)

Includes 4 software components.a. ArcReaderb. ArcViewc. ArcEditor d. ArcInfo


Proprietary Software2. Envision (Autodesk) • Integrates GIS spatial data and AutoCad design

data • Perform civil engineering tasks such as • Calculating elevations • Cut/fill volumes • Running flood analyses

• AutoDesk Raster Design is used to edit, modify, and enhance raster data


Proprietary Software3. MapInfo Professional • A full featured Desktop geospatial solution• Comes with easy-to-use software and a powerful

software tool• Vertical Mapper third party add-on for raster data


FOSS Software1. GRASS GIS • GRASS - Geographic Resources Analysis Support

System • Supports various platforms• Supports for both raster & vector formats• Functionalities

Geospatial data management and analysis Image processing Graphics/maps production Spatial modeling Visualization


FOSS Software2. Quantum GIS

(QGIS) • Support multiple

platforms: Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows

• Support multiple data formats: • Vector, raster,

database formats,• GRASS layers

• Extendable functionality using plug-ins

http://qgis.org/brochure/qgis_brochure_en.pdf


Desktop GIS• Advantages

▫You have all the data and processing at your station

• Disadvantages▫You must invest

in the processor and storage space

▫Data and maps are not easily shared


• “Web GIS is a Geographic Information System distributed across a networked computer environment to integrate, disseminate, and communicate geographic information visually on the World Wide Web over the Internet.” [Gillavry, 2000]

• Disseminate geospatial data and processing tools

• Possible to Process geo-related information with no location restrictions.

Web Based GIS


Web Based GIS• Advantages

▫Minimal processor and storage space needed

▫Many data sets available

▫The processor on the web server is likely to be more powerful than your desktop unit

• Disadvantages▫Must have a fast

network connection

▫Data resides off site

▫Dependent on resources off site, not under your control


Web GIS

Client-Server Architecture

Distributed Architecture

Web GIS Architechture


Web GIS Architechture1. Client – Server Architecture • Geoprocessing Server side & Client side tasks• Typical three tier architecture• Presentation tier : contains user interface• Application logic tier : model & process GIS

data• Storage tier : databases that store GIS data


Web GIS Architechture1. Client – Server Architecture • A typical client-server architecture

Web Browse

r

Client

Web Server

Internet Map

Server (IMS)

GIS Software GIS

Database

Server

Internet

Middle Ware

Spatial request

HTML, Image, Map..


2. Distributed Architecture Both data and processing components are

distributed The client and server do not refer to a specific

machine “Geodata anywhere, Geoprocessing anywhere”

model Distributed object architectures

o Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)

o Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)

o Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI)

Web GIS Architechture


Internet Map Server (IMS) Software Allow users to access spatial data via a web

browser interface Interact with web server and spatial database

Proprietary software ArcView IMS (ESRI) MapObjects IMS (ESRI) ArcIMS (ESRI) MapGuide (Autodesk)

FOSS software Minnesota Map Server Open-GIS Multiviewer GIS Viewer


Proprietary Software1. ArcView IMS (ESRI)

Extension of ESRI's Desktop-GIS application- ArcView One of the first available Map Server systems Requires an open session of ArcView running on the

Web server with IMS ArcView middleware Client cannot change the composition of the received

map

Internet Map Server (IMS) Software


2. MapObjects IMS (ESRI) Integrate three applications :MapObjects IMS, MapObjects

Professional, and ArcExplorer Can consider as a programming platform For GIS applications - Visual Basic, Visual C + +, Delphi For client applications - HTML (JavaScript), ActiveX Supports Windows or UNIX-based Web servers Uses modern three-tier architecture

Proprietary SoftwareInternet Map Server (IMS) Software


3. ArcIMS (ESRI) Most widely used Proprietary IMS software A three tier architecture

http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/ims-technology-esri.htm


http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/ims-technology-esri.htm


3. ArcIMS … The components of the ArcIMS server :

- Spatial Server- Applications Server- Connectors to the Applications Server [Servelets,

ColdFusion, ActiveX ]- Administrator

Tool for designing map services need not to program client Client receives instructions suitable for processing



4. MapGuide (Autodesk) Similar capacities to those of ArcIMS Provide tools for basic geographical operations Own data format – SDF Extensions required to convert other formats to SDF

format



1. Minnesota Map Server World’s leading open source Web-Mapping tool Originally developed for the University of Minnesota

(UMN) Supported platforms : Linux/Apache, Windows NT/98/95 A CGI program that sits inactive on a Web Server Uses information passed in the URL and the Map File to

process the request

FOSS SoftwareInternet Map Server (IMS) Software


1. Minnesota Map Server… The MapServer architecture Client - Web browser Server

- HTTP Server (Apache, IIS) - MapServer CGI (mapserve.exe)

- Map Files - Geographic Data

[ESRI Shape files, GeoTIFF]

Illustrated according to diagram from http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/new_users/msappdiagram/



1. Minnesota Map Server…

How MapServer works?

Web Server

Mapserver

(CGI)

Mapfiles

http:// <location of the mapserver program> <location of the mapfile> <other parameters>http://192.8.10.52/cgi-bin/mapserve.exe? map=/ms4w/apps/app1/htdocs/test.map

Request Request

test.map

Result

Web Browse

r



1. Minnesota Map Server… Advantages of using MapServer Comes as a standard package which bundles MapServer

and many required supporting tools No dedicated hardware is required Client is only a web browser Not bounded to any specific language Compliant to the OGC Specification Support for database access (PostGIS, MySql)



2. GIS VIEWER Developed by the University of California, Berkeley at "UC

Berkeley Digital Library Project” Supported platforms : Unix, Linux, Windows NT Display geographical information by means of a window

(viewfinder)



Tugas Kelompok• Buatlah kelompok terdiri dari 3-4 orang. Carilah

sebuah contoh WebGIS yang dikembangkan instansi/lembaga/perusahaan di Indonesia. Telaah dan bahas poin-poin yang disajikan dalam aplikasi WebGIS tersebut termasuk tentang: Analisis tentang user dan scopenya (jumlah

user) Teknologi yang digunakan Kekurangan-kekurangan yang kira-kira dapat

dioptimalkan Peluang-peluang pengembangan, dllBuat presentasi (PPTX) hasil pembahasannya. Tugas dikumpulkan via E-mail [email protected] dengan penamaan file ‘webgis abc_kelas.zip’.

mailto:[email protected]


Terima KasihThank You

Xie xieArigato gozaimas

Shukron

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