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Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry: implications for SWOT G.Dibarboure, C.Dufau , J.Poisson (CLS) M.Orsztynowicz, R.Morrow (LEGOS) PY.Le Traon (Ifremer), N.Picot, F.Boy (CNES) Washington, January 2014

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Page 1: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry: implications for SWOT

G.Dibarboure, C.Dufau , J.Poisson (CLS) M.Orsztynowicz, R.Morrow (LEGOS) PY.Le Traon (Ifremer), N.Picot, F.Boy (CNES) Washington, January 2014

Page 2: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

   

The  spectral  hump:  a  short  wavelength  correlated  error  

1  Hz  /  7km  record  

20  Hz  /  300m  record  

•  Most  oceanographers  use  al?metry  at  1  Hz  (i.e.  6-­‐7  km  resolu?on)  

•  To  analyze  scales  shorter  than  100  km  the  limit  the  1  Hz  «  noise  floor  »  

•  Bigger  picture  @  20Hz:  it  is  not  instrument  noise  floor  (visible    only  below  3km)  

•  There  is  a  hump-­‐shaped  ar?fact  on  most  al?metry  spectra  

           Goal  of  this  talk:  to  discuss  implica?ons  for  (Air)SWOT  and  the    SDT  community  

               Jason-­‐2  Al?Ka  

Page 3: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

•  The  footprint  of  Jason-­‐class  al?mers  is  a  large  disc  (e.g.  10km  radius)  and  the  hump  ar?fact  appears  when  the  al?meter  footprint  samples  inhomogenei?es  in  sigma0  or  SWH  

•  Likely  triggered  by  geophysical  causes  (e.g.  atmosphere  and  sea  state  transi?ons)  •  Even  small  events  are  sampled  repeatedly  è  smoothed  /  correlated  error  

 •  Implica1on:  Similar  phenomenons  might  happen  with  KaRIN  LR  (λ<  1km)  •  Implica1on:  Need  realis?c  simula?ons  of  what  will  happen  when  KaRIN’s  OBP  

averaging  has  to  handle  unusual  and  non-­‐Gaussian  situa?ons    

What  is  the  origin  of  the  hump  ar?fact?  

WF  leading  edge  

WF  trailingedge  

Page 4: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

•  1  Hz  floor  is  actually  the  sum  of  two  components:  true  instrumental  noise  (that  increases  with  SWH),  and  the  hump  that  exists  almost  everywhere  but  is  stronger  wherever  major  backscacer  events  (blooms,  low  winds,  rain)  are  likely  to  happen  

Illustra?on  on  maps  of  1  Hz  «  spectral  floor  »    

WINTER  

SUMMER  

1 Hz « noise floor» SWH

Instrumental  noise  dominates  

Instrumental  noise  dominates  

Backscacer  events  dominate  

Page 5: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

•  The  hump  actually  has  a  flat  spectrum  from  10  to  50  km  on  Jason-­‐2  

•  Implica1on:  The  methodology  used  for  the  SSH  requirements    in  SWOT’s  SRD  (derived  from  Xu  &  Fu,  2012)  uses  valid  assump?ons  

Link  with  spectral  studies  and  SWOT’s  SRD  

Page 6: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

Jason-2 AltiKa

Al?Ka  VS.  Jason-­‐2:  spectral  slope  

Spectral  slope  

•  Spectral  slopes  from  Jason-­‐2,  Al?Ka  and  Cryosat  are  very  consistent    

•  Also  consistent  with  observa?ons  from    Xu  and  Fu  

•  Implica1on:  Al?Ka  and  Cryosat  agree  with  the  SRD  (Jason  spectra)  

 

Page 7: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

Al?Ka  VS.  Jason-­‐2:  spectral  «  1  Hz  noise  »  floor  

1 Hz floor on Jason-2 1 Hz floor on AltiKa

•  Same  type  of  distribu?on  (hump  and  instrument  noise)  

•  But  the  1  Hz  floor  is  lower  on  Al?Ka  (1.5-­‐3cm)  than  on  Jason-­‐2  (2.3-­‐5cm)  

•  Implica1on:  SWOT’s  nadir  al?meter  would  benefit  from  the  40  Hz  and  small  footprint  of  Al?Ka  è  Lower  «  noise  floor  »  for  becer  comparisons  with  KaRIN  

 

Page 8: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

What  scales  can  be  well  observed  at  1  Hz  for  each  mission?  

•  Following  the  SRD  methodology,  we  define  the  «  observability  limit  »  as  the  intersec?on  between  the  SSH  slope  and  the  1Hz  spectral  floor  (hump  &  noise)  

1  Hz  spectrum  

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Influence  of  the  high  wavenumber  errors  on  observability  

Jason-2

AltiKa Jason-2 slope and SWOT noise floor

Observable  scales  

•  Observability  limit  slightly  smaller  for  Al?Ka  (35-­‐75km)  than  for  Jason-­‐2  (50-­‐90km)  

•  Implica1on:  Al?Ka  should  be  preferred  to  Jason-­‐2  to  analyze  small  scales  in  SSH  profiles  (not  spectra)  

 

Page 10: Short wavelength correlated errors of altimetry ... Tryandmigatethehump!arfact!with!beer !processing!! (e.g.retracker)andpostprocessing(edi?ng ,nonElinear!filters) • Implicaonsforthedesignoffuturenadir

Ar?fact  mi?ga?on  with  20  Hz  records  and  with  becer  processing  

•  The  ar?fact  can  be  mi?gated  on  exis?ng  GDR  products  if  one  uses  the  20  Hz  rate  and  with  becer  edi?ng  schemes  

•  Comparison  between  a  1Hz  edi?ng  procedure  (CalVal)  and  two  20  Hz  edi?ng  schemes:  Labroue  et  al  2011  (blue)  &  Tournadre  (red)  à  The  hump  is  reduced  by  30%  or  more  

•  Implica1on:  Becer  processing  and  20  Hz  are  recommended  for  small  scale  oceanography  analyses  

 

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The  value  of  SARM  al?metry  for  SWOT  

•  No  hump  observed  on  Synthe?c  Aperture  Radar  mode  from  Cryosat-­‐2    (fewer  inhomogenei?es  in  very  thin  and  small  SARM  footprint)  

•  SARM  observability  limit  of  the  order  of  30-­‐50  km  (Jason-­‐2:  50-­‐90km)  

•  Implica1on:  Recommended  to  use  the  SARM  dataset  from  CNES:  1  year  processed  in  all  SARM  zones  and  extensions  are  possible  (zone  &  period)  

•  Implica1on:  the  «  interleaved  SARM  »  discussed  for  Jason-­‐CS  is  very  acrac?ve  for  CalVal  comparisons  with  KaRIN:  it  produces  becer  LRM  +  SARM  concurrently  

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Using  KaRIN  imagery  to  understand  1D  al?metry  

•  Karin  will  provide  a  2D  image  of  what  tradi?onal  al?meters  have  been  integra?ng  in  their  footprint  and  waveforms    è  Higher  KaRIN  resolu?on  is  desirable  for  such  studies  

•  KaRIN  imagery  may  help  inves?gate  what  happens  in  «  hump  genera?on  events  »  and  improve  decades  of  small  scale  al?metry  records  

•  Implica1on:  We  need  to  collect  reference  datasets  from  KaRIN    or  AirSWOT  with  high  resolu?on  and  nadir  overlaps  

LRM

SARM

Karin image (1 km)

LRM

SARM

Karin image (250 m)

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Summary  

•  The  hump  ar?fact  is  a  correlated  SSH  error  visible  only  at  full  resolu?on  

•  Implica?ons  for  CalVal  and  Instrument  Processing  communi?es:  –  Need  to  understand  the  impact  of  OBP  averaging  with  very  realis?c  simula?ons  

and  unusual  contexts  (inc.  sea  state  and  atmosphere)  –  Need  to  collect  high-­‐resolu?on  datasets  from  KaRIN  (to  validate  small  scales  of  

KaRIN  and  to  try  and  improve  20-­‐30  years  of  al?metry)  –  Need  to  get  overlapping  records  from  Al?Ka  and  AirSWOT    

•  Implica?ons  for  oceanographers  interested  in  small  scales:  –  Prefer  Al?Ka  or  SARM  (CryoSat-­‐2  and  Sen?nel-­‐3)  to  Jason-­‐2  –  Use  the  full  20  Hz  resolu?on  (or  40  Hz  on  Al?Ka)  –  Try  and  mi?gate  the  hump  ar?fact  with  becer  processing    

(e.g.  retracker)  and  post-­‐processing  (edi?ng,  non-­‐linear  filters)  

•  Implica?ons  for  the  design  of  future  nadir  al?meters:  –  SWOT’s  nadir  would  be  even  becer  with  smaller  footprint  (Al?Ka-­‐like  or  SARM)  

and  with  40  Hz  rate  (current  baseline:  copy  of  Jason-­‐3)  –  Having  an  «  interleaved  SARM  »  on  Jason-­‐CS  should  be  recommended  by  the  SDT  

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Thank you for your attention

Reference:  Dibarboure  et  al  ,  2014  (submiced  to  JTECH,  revised  drap  available)    Inves?ga?ng  short  wavelength  correlated  errors  in  low  resolu?on  mode  al?metry  

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Noise  removal  in  two  arbitrary  boxes  

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TOPEX  spectra  and  Two-­‐pass  retracker  

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Benefit  of  SARM  to  inves?gate  the  hump  ar?fact  

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SARM  observability  limit  

Cryosat-2 SARM

Jason-2

1 Hz « noise » floor Observable scales

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SWOT SWOT + Jason-CS + Sentinel-3Type:  SWOT   JasonCS Sentinel-­‐3

XOVER  dt in  daysXOVER  dt in  days

Type:  SWOT

Number of  concurrent  XOVER  zonesNumber of  concurrent  XOVER  zones

Arbitrary  stacking  of  

calibratio

n  segm

ents

Arbitrary  stacking  of  

calibratio

n  segm

ents

Arbitrary  stacking  of  

calibratio

n  segm

ents

Arbitrary  stacking  of  

calibratio

n  segm

ents