shields uas for water management a business case for uas associations/09-18... · training...

10/1/2018

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• SC Association ofStormwater Managers2018 3rd Quarter Meeting

•Columbia, SC

•UAS for Innovative Water•Management:•A Business Case for Drones

•Garrett Shields, GISP, CFM•UAS National Program Manager•Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions

•woodplc.com

•What is a UAS?

Unmanned Aerial System

Commonly referred to as a “Drone"

Any aircraft operated without a human pilot onboard

Uses a remote control system

Contains GPS/GNSS technology

Some level of autonomy

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•What is a UAS?

NOT a UAS

Lacks GPS

No autonomy

3A presentation by Wood.

The information provided here is for informational and educational purposes and current as of the date of publication. The information is not a substitute for legal advice and does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy position of the Municipal Association of South Carolina. Consult your attorney for advice concerning specific situations.

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•What is a UAS?

IS a UAS

UsesGPS/GLONASS

Multipleautonomousfunctions

Return to home

Obstacleavoidance

Special flightmodes


•What is a UAS?

•Disruptive Technology, A turning point for the geospatial industry

UAS offer fast and efficient methods of data•capture

Ultra-high resolution datasets

Precise measurements

Variety of detection methods•– R G B

•– Mult i-Spectral

•– Hyper-spectral

•– Thermal

•– L i D A R

•– Gas/Radiation Detection

•– Many more...


•UAS Classifications

•Multi-Rotor Aircraft

Two or more rotors (often 4-8)

Vertical takeoff & landing (VTOL)

Shorter range, but more precise

control

Flown at all legal altitudes

•6A presentation by Wood.

•Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Often launched by hand or

catapult

Longer endurance & range

Flown at higher altitudes (300-

400ft AGL)

•Hybrid Aircraft

Combination of both fixed-

wing and multi-rotor

Vertical takeoff & landing (VTOL)

Flies as a fixed-wing

Ideal for large mission areas with

small landing zones

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•Regulatory Requirements

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•Overview of FAA Regulations on UAS

FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) – Section 333

1st federal regulation aimed at opening the National Airspace (NAS) to civilianunmanned aircraft

Required a private or commercial pilot’s license to fly a UAS

Commercial operators had to file for an exemption to Section 333

•– Lengthy review process (>1yr)

Government operators had to obtain a Certificate of Authority (COA) tooperate UAS

•– COAs were sight-specific

Regulation is still active and applicable in some instances

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•Overview of FAA Regulations on UAS

FAA Small UAS Rule - 14 CFR, Part 107

Often referred to as simply “Part 107”

Became effective on August 29, 2016

1st true regulation for civilian UAS operations

Relaxed or rolled back many of the provisions in the FMRA

UAS pilots classified as “operators”

– Pilot’s license not required, but must pass an exam

Established baseline guidance for safe integration into the NAS

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•Part 107 Operating Rules

UAS (and combined payload) must weigh less than 55lbs

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) operations only

Must fly close enough to pilot so that he/she can see the UAS without aid

Daylight-only operations, or civil twilight 30 minutes before official sunrise to 30 minutes after official sunset, local time with appropriate

anti-collision lighting.

May use visual observer

Not required by FAA, but will be required by AmecFW

Cannot exceed 100 mph (87 knots)

Maximum altitude of 400ft above ground level (AGL)

Unless operating near a structure that is over 400ft tall, then remain within 400ft of that structure


•Registering a UAS

Register your UAS

Commercial and Government UAS must be registered with the FAA and havethe registration number clearly marked on the exterior of the aircraft

Cost is $5

Also must have a printed copy of the UAS registration card at all times


•Airspace Classifications


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•Sectional Chart

•Operating in Controlled Airspace

It is possible to fly UAS in controlled airspace, requires special authorization•– Pilot must submit an authorization request to the FAA for the intended operation in controlled

•airspace

Must outline the following information:

•– Location and Date of proposed mission

•– Pilot in Command (with license info)

•– UAS registration number

•– Desired max. altitude (0-400ft AGL)

•– Description of the mission

•– Safety procedures

Request can take up to 90 days to review and process

New system now available in some locations to speed things up


•LAANC

•Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability

Enables pilots access to controlled airspace near airports through near real-time processing

of airspace authorizations below approved altitudes in controlled airspace

• – Beginning April 30, 2018, the LAANC program moved from prototype stage to

•“National Beta Stage”

Phased roll-out of airspace operating under LAANC rules

•– South Central USA April 30, 2018•W e s t e r n N o r t h U S A M a y 2 4 ,

2 0 1 8 W e s t e r n S o u t h U S A

J u n e 2 1 , 2 0 1 8 E a s t e r n S o u t hU S A J u l y 1 9 , 2 0 1 8 E a s t e r n

N o r t h U S A A u g u s t 1 6 , 2 0 1 8

C e n t r a l N o r t h U S A S e p t e m b e r

1 3 , 2 0 1 8

300 ATC facilities covering 500 airports by end of 2018


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•Becoming a UAS Operator (US Requirements)

Certification Requirements

UAS pilots now known as “Operators”

Required to pass an FAA administered aeronauticalknowledge exam

Must apply and take exam at a FAA testing center

60 multiple choice questions

Must pass with at least 70%

Once passed, pilots must register an account with theFAA, input their exam code and apply for a Remote PilotAirman Certificate

Requires a TSA background check & valid driver’s license no.

Certificates are valid for 24 months from the datereceived

Pilots must re-certify every 24 months

Cost to certify is $150

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•Remote Pilot Exam – Things to Know

Without an aviation background, the test can be difficult

Heavy focus on the following:

FAA Sectional Charts (navigation charts)

UAS Regulation (Part 107)

Aircraft registration requirements

Weather Characteristics & standard forecasting

FAA standard Psychological behaviors


•Study Materials & Resources

The FAA has published several helpful guides to help prepare you for•the exam. All can be found at (www.faa.gov/UAS)

Part 107 Advisory Circular

Exam Study Guide

Pilot’s Handbook

Practice Exam

3rd Party Training

Training companies such as Dart Drones offer test prep and pilot training

UAS Manufacturer 3DR has a training website with materials and a very helpful

self graded practice exam

https://3dr.com/faa/study-guides/


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•Existing Private or Commercial Pilots

•What if I’m already a licensed manned aircraft pilot?

You will still need to certify for UAS

14 CFR Part 61

Take an online knowledge test

Apply for a remote pilot certification to be added to your pilot license


•Applications of UAS Technology

•Stormwater Management

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•Building/Infrastructure Inspections

UAS allow for detailedinspection of buildingsand infrastructure whileminimizing safety riskand time spent on site

Viewing somethingfrom the air can oftenreveal new details notreadily seen by humaninspectors on site

“3rd Perspective”


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•Illicit DischargeDetection

•SepticLines


•Using aerial imagery, it ispossible to identify areasof concern withinproperties such as homes,landfills and airports.

•Dam Inspection

•Drone-based inspections of dams (wet & dry) can be done efficiently and with little

to no safety risk to the inspector.


•Construction Inspection

•BEFORE

•AFTER


•UAS technology allows forsafe and efficient inspectionof large construction sites

•High-res imaging helps toidentify potential erosionissues and is often used totrack re-vegetation efforts

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•Environmental Sampling

•UAS can be used to collect water and air quality samples for environmental testing25

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•Environmental Monitoring/Easement Inspections

•High resolution oblique (slanted) imagery/videos can be captured with ease using multi-

rotor UAS

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•Existing Conditions Surveys

• UAS are ideally suited for collecting imagery and footage of groundconditions before, during and after construction projects, especially inremote locations


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•Ephemeral Water Source Monitoring

Leverage high-resolution imagery toassist in determininggeneral wetlandlocations

Vegetative speciescan also be identifiedand, in some cases,quantified


•Additional Stormwater Applications

•Benefiting from UAS technology

Mapping stormwater infrastructure

•– High resolution imagery to map and locate infrastructure such as manholes, outfalls,

•BMPs, junction boxes and curbside inlets

•– Can be used to identify blocked inlets our inundated outfalls

Dry Screening of outfalls

•– Accessing stormwater outfalls in hazardous or hard-to-access areas

•– New safety systems on UAS reduce risk of collisions with trees or other obstructions

Precision Agriculture/Crop Monitoring

•– High resolution scans of large areas to monitor crop health and track potential

•pollutants

•– Often with multi-spectral or thermal sensors


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•Other Applications of UAS Technology

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•Geo-Referenced Orthoimagery

•p•✓Pixel resolution: 1.98cm/pixel(0.7in)


•Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)


Ultra-high density laser scanning (>500 pts/m 2)

Can penetrate vegetation and some water conditions

Very high-precision results

•Photogrammetric Modeling (3D)

Three dimensional spatial positioning information derived from photographs Not ‘ground penetrating’ (i.e. LiDAR) and consequently is most effective on terrain with minimal or sparse vegetation

Photogrammetry can be extremely precise and is able to provide centimeter-level terrain data

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•Photogrammetric Modeling (3D)

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•Volumetric Measurements

Precise volumetric calculations can be derived with relative ease from UAS-based datasets

Requires a 3D surface, acquired from either a fixed-wing or multi-rotor UAS

Each pixel becomes a point of measure (up to 1,000 pts/m 2)


•Photogrammetry Demo

•Landfill Model

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•Public Safety/Emergency Response

•• Due to their ability to be rapidly deployed, UAS are ideally suited for public safety

•applications



•Search and Rescue (SAR)

•• High resolution cameras and thermal imaging capabilities give public safety officials the

•ability to search remote areas quickly and cost effectively



•Disaster Response

When roads and buildings are impacted by flooding or storm damage, the ability to seethe full situation can help mitigate further loss of life

UAS were heavily used following Hurricane Matthew in 2015 to documentinundated roads


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•Accident Reconstruction (Reality Capture)

Using UAS, police investigators can quickly map the scene of an accident for later useduring the investigation

Having a 3D map of the scene allows investigators to see evidence in its original contextlong after the scene has been cleared

•Image Credit: NCDOT Image Credit: NCDOT


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•Considerations for using Unmanned Technology

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•Proper Flight Planning

•Safety tips for a successful UAS mission

Prior to any UAS mission, have an established safety

procedure

Focus on the following:

•– Airspace requirements

•– Site conditions (people, obstacles, construction, etc.)

•– Pre-flight procedures

•– Weather conditions

•– Software/Firmware updates

•– Battery maintenance

•– Training

•– P P E

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•Mission Personnel

•Recommendations for a UAS Flight Crew

Always use a two person team

•– P i lot in Command

•– Sensor Operator/Observer

Observers are not required by

the FAA or NCDOT, but are highly

recommended for added safety

Make sure both are trained and

qualified to fly the aircraft in case of

emergency


•DataProcessing

Cloud-based 3D modeling application High quality 3-dimensional models Can integrate survey and laser scanninginto photogrammetric model Prepares models for import into Civil3D or BIM

Premier 2D & 3D photogrammetricmodeling application Create high quality models, orthos &volumetrics Can integrate multi-spectral & thermal Full GIS support

•DataProcessing

2D & 3D photogrammetric dataprocessing Orthos, DEM/DSM, volumetrics, etc. Full integration with ArcGISDesktop & ArcGIS Online Leverages Pix4D modeling workflow

•Drone2Map

Desktop application Custom tuned to process data acquired bythe Trimble UX5 HP 2D & 3D outputs CAD & GIS compatibility

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•Survey Seal Requirements

Find your surveyor and make friends

Most remotely sensed products (photogrammetry, LiDAR, orthophotos, etc.)

are considered to be “measured products” and thus require a seal from a licensed

Professional Land Surveyor


•Return on Investment (ROI)

UAS technology offers a great cost savings over traditional data collection

methods

Efficiencies realized through many aspects:

•– Rapid deployment (in uncontrolled airspace)

•– Less time spent on site (hours vs. days)

•– Greater range of products for the cost (imagery & topo, etc.)

•– High degree of detail and precision

•– Versatility of the technology

•– Fewer people needed to conduct work

•– Reduction in safety risk to site personnel

Costs are typically 10-20% of comparable manned collection methods

•– Field survey, manned aviation, etc.


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•Brett Sexton•Environmental Scientist•Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions

Columbia, SC

•Garrett Shields, GISP, CFM•UAS National Program Manager•Wood Environment & Infrastructure SolutionsRaleigh, NC

•+1 919.381.9906•[email protected]

•+1 803.798.1200•[email protected]

•woodplc.com

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