shekhar report 5

7/27/2019 Shekhar Report 5

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TRAINING PAPER REPORT

ON

TAPER ROLLER BEARING

AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN

(November 2013)

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO

Shekhar ranjan Mr.Laxman Kumar PandeyB.TECH (MAE) Co-ordinator (MAE)SEMESTER 4


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CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Report entitled TAPER ROLLER BEARING submitted by

Shekhar ranjan with Enrollment No. AUR20405411163 on 8th

NOVEMBER is

his own work and has been carried out under my supervision. It is recommended

that the candidate may now be evaluated for his work by the University.

Shekhar ranjan Mr.Laxman Kumar Pandey

Signature: Signature:

Date: Date:


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Words fail me to express my sincerest gratitude to this esteemed organization,

which has conferred on us the privilege to pragmatically convert our theoretical

knowledge into practical viable experience. During the course of my training at

NATIONAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES LIMITED, JAIPUR so many people

have guided me and I will remain indebted to them throughout my life for making

my training at NBC, a wonderful learning experience.

I would like to thank Mr. S.R PRADHAN my project head, who gave me

opportunity to work in his department and guided me through my project from

time to time. His words were a true inspiration for me. The exposure to the

working of the industry that I have got here would not have been possible without

his kind support.

He took keen interest in my project and ensured that my tenure at NBC, JAIPUR is

a learning experience for a lifetime for me.

Thanks to all those operators, Diploma Engineer Trainees and my trainee

colleagues with whom I had developed a special bond. In the end I would like tothankMr. A. THOMAS for providing me the opportunity to add a new dimension

in my knowledge by getting trained in this esteemed organization.


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BEARING INDUSTRY GLOBAL SCENERIO :

The world Market of quality Bearing is very vast. The Big player of bearing sectorare present in U.S.A, Russia, Japan China and eastern Europe.

Some of leading bearing angular contact (DRAC) bearings, cylindrical andspherical roller bearings. The company has specially equipped facilities to

manufacture axle boxes for railway applications, cartridge tapered roller bearings,large-diameter bearings for industrial applications and allied engineering products.

manufacturer are : -- NSK Japan- NTN Japan- KOYA Seiko Japan

- FAG Germany- SKF Sweden

- NRB France- Timken USA

BEARING INDUSTRY INDIAN SCENERIO:

The Indian Bearing Industry is estimated at Rs. 30 Billion Approximately. The

Industry has established a highly diversified product range of around 1000 type of

Bearing having High Volume Demand. As much as 70% of the total

Demand for common varieties and size of bearing is met by the domestic Industry,

and the remaining demand to the tune of 30% is imported essentially for Industrial

Application and special purpose.

The Indian bearing Industry can be divided in to the organized sector and un-

organized sector. The organized sector primarily caters to the original equipment

Manufacturer (OEM) Segment, which predominantly comprises automotive

industries and other mechanical Industrial users. The replacement market is

dominated by unorganized Sector.


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ABOUT NEI

National Engineering Industries Ltd., part of the 150 year old, multi-billion

dollar C.K. Birla group manufactures a wide range of bearings for automotive and

railway industry as well as for general industrial applications under the brandname nbc . NEI, founded in the year 1946 as a pioneer industry in the field of

bearing manufacture, now manufactures nearly 80 Million Bearings per annum

NEI is one of the largest domestic bearing manufactures with gross annual

turnover of Rs. 1051 crore in 2010-11.

The company exports bearings to more than 20 countries and is also exporting at

NEI manufactures a wide range of bearings namely ball and cylindrical roller

bearings, double row angular contact bearings, tapered roller bearings for

automobiles, railways and industrial applications and large diameter bearings forsteel plants and rolling mills. The three plants situated at Jaipur, Newai and

Manesar manufacture these products with approx. 2300-strong team, supported by

nei Ltd. has been awarded the coveted 2010 Deming Application Prize, by the

Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), Japan, for achieving

distinctive performance improvement through the application of Total Quality

Management (TQM).The Deming medal confirms that our quality management

systems are one of the For our customers, this means enjoying consistently

superior products and assurance of highest quality for every NBC

.

R&D is equipped to introduce new technology in the field of bearings and related

products .All functions from concept design to product launch are an integral part

of R&D . The activity begins from customer interaction by Application

Engineering and QFD approach is used to understand customer requirements to

translate into a useful product . It has a full fledged test centre for endurance as

well as application testing .The test lab is being expanded double the capacity in

next four years. .


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BEARING

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion between moving

parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example,provide for free linearmovement of the moving part or for free rotation around a

fixed axis; or, it mayprevent a motion by controlling the vectors ofnormal

forces that bear on the moving parts. Bearings are classified broadly according to

the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces)

applied to the parts.

The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear"a bearing being a machine

element that allows one part to bear another.

The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varyingdegrees of control over the form, size, roughness and location of the surface. Other

bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part.

FIG 1 BEARING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(mathematics_and_physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_forcehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bear#Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_roughnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_roughnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_surfacehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bear#Verbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(mathematics_and_physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_partshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_element


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TYPES OF BEARING

ROLLER BEARING

Rolling bearings generally comprise two bearing rings with integral raceways.Rolling elements are arranged between the rings and roll on the raceways. Rollingelements can be balls, cylindrical rollers, needle rollers, tapered rollers or barrel

rollers. The rolling elements are generally guided by a cage that keeps them at a

uniform distance from each other and prevents them coming into contact with each

other. In needle roller bearings and rib less spherical roller bearings, the cage alsoensures that the rolling element axis is positioned correctly. Where bearings can be

dismantled, the cage holds the rolling elements together and gives easier fitting ofthe bearings. For particular applications, rolling bearings with a full complement of

balls, cylindrical rollers or needle rollers may be used.

The standard material for sheet metal cages is steel, while brass is also used for

some applications. Solid cages are made from brass, steel, laminated fabric andother materials. Cages made from thermoplastic materials are also widely used,

especially those made from polyamide reinforced by glass fiber.

FIG 2 ROLLER BEARING


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PLAIN BEARING

The function of plain bearing arrangements, like rolling bearing arrangements, is tosupport or guide parts that are movable relative to each other. They must support

and transmit the forces occurring in this case. Whereas the bearing arrangementelements in rolling bearing arrangements are separated from each other by means

of rolling parts - rolling elements - the movable component in plain bearingarrangements - normally a shaft, stud or strip - slides on the sliding surface of a

static bearing bush, bearing cup or sliding strip. The sliding motion occurs directly

between the sliding layer of the bearing body and the part that is supported.Lubrication is ensured by embedded lubricants or a solid layer applied to a

supporting body. In radial motion, the clearance between the shaft and sliding layer

ensures the mobility of the sliding partners.

Plain bearings are available as radial bearings, axial bearings, strips, cups and inmany other designs. They run quietly and are particularly suitable where high loads

must be supported under relatively slow rotary and swivel motion and at low andhigh temperatures. Due to their versatile specific characteristics, they are therefore

used in almost all areas of industry and especially where the space available for thebearing arrangement is very limited.Plain bearings must be made from a materialthat is durable, low friction, low wear to the bearing and shaft, resistant to elevated

temperatures, and corrosion resistant.

FIG 3PLAIN BEARING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction


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BALL BEARING

A ball bearing is a type ofrolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the

separation between the bearing races.The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce

rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It achieves this by using at

least two races to contain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. In most

applications, one race is stationary and the other is attached to the rotating

assembly. As one of the bearing races rotates it causes the balls to rotate as well.

Because the balls are rolling they have a much lowercoefficient of friction than if

two flat surfaces were sliding against each other.

FIG 4BALL BEARING

TAPER BEARING

Tapered roller bearings are uniquely designed to manage both thrust and radial

loads on rotating shafts and in housings. We manufacture nearly 26,000 taperedroller bearingcombinationsin single, double and four-row tapered roller bearing

configurations. Customized geometries and engineered surfaces can be applied to

these tapered roller bearings to further enhance performance in demandingapplications. Tapered roller bearings consist of four interdependent components:the cone, or inner ring; the cup, or outer ring; the tapered rollers, or rollingelements; and the cage, or roller retainer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(bearing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(bearing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(bearing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(bearing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearing


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TAPER ROLLER BEARING

Tapered roller bearings are uniquely designed to manage both thrust and radial

loads on rotating shafts and in housings. We manufacture nearly 26,000 tapered

roller bearingcombinationsin single, double and four-row tapered roller bearingconfigurations. Customized geometries and engineered surfaces can be applied to

these tapered roller bearings to further enhance performance in demanding

applications.

Tapered roller bearings consist of four interdependent components: the cone, orinner ring; the cup, or outer ring; the tapered rollers, or rolling elements; and the

cage, or roller retainer. The taper angles allow the bearing to handle a combination

of radial and thrust loads. The steeper the cup angle, the greater the ability of the

tapered roller bearing to handle thrust loads

FIG 5 TAPER BEARING

The bearings are of separable type, enabling separate mounting of cups and cones.Since the tapered roller bearings can absorb thrust loads in one direction only,

these bearings should generally be installed as opposed mountings. The correct

amount of radial and axial clearance is obtained by adjusting the two bearings

against each other.This conical geometry is used as it gives a larger contact patch,

which permits greater loads to be carried than with spherical (ball) bearings.


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TYPES

SINGLE ROW TAPERED

The most basic and widely used tapered bearing, the single-row type consists of

the cone assembly and the cup. It is usually fitted as one of an opposing pair.During equipment assembly, single-row bearings can be set to the required

clearance (endplay) or preload condition to optimize performance.

Single-row tapered roller bearings have positive roller alignment that ensures true

rolling motion and generates a seating force that pushes the roller against the

cone large rib. This seating force prevents the rollers from skewing off apex,thereby keeping them positively aligned and located against the cone large rib.

DOUBLE ROW TAPERED

Double- or two-row tapered roller bearings feature double cups and two singlecones. Double- or two-row tapered roller bearings are available in a variety of

configurations for general industrial and automotive applications. Double rowtapered roller bearings can carry heavy loads and are stiff. They are suitable for the

accommodation of combined (radial and axial) loads. And they can locate a shaft

axially in both directions with a given axial clearance or a given preload.

FOUR ROW TAPEREDFour-row tapered roller bearings combine the inherent high-load, radial/thrust

capacity and direct/indirect mounting variables of tapered roller bearings intoassemblies of maximum load rating in minimum space

FIG 7 SINGLE ROWFIG 6DOUBLE ROW
http://www.timken.com/en-us/products/bearings/productlist/roller/Tapered/FourRow


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PARTS OF TAPER ROLLER BEARING

CUP AND CONETapered roller bearings are separable and have the following components: outer

ring, inner ring, and roller assembly (containing the rollers and a cage). The non-

separable inner ring and roller assembly is called the cone, and the outer ring is

called the cup. Internal clearance is established during mounting by the axial

position of the cone relative to the cup.The raw material used in the Manufacturing

of bearing Races is SAE 52100 high Carbon Chrome bearing steel, which has

composition similar to EN-31 (100 CR 6 As per BIS specification). The raw

material for Bearing Races is in the form of Rods & Seamless Hollow Tubes.

CAGECage is used to return balls at proper distance to prevent them from containing

each other and to prevent a temperature rise and resultant damage due to

friction.The Material for manufacturing cages is CRCA Strips of C2015 Bearing

grade steel having carbon percentage at0.08% max. and Magnesium ranging from

0.25% to 0.45%.

ROLLERRollers are also made with a taper so that the conical surfaces of the raceways and

the roller axes if projected, would all meet at a common point on the main axis ofthe bearing.

FIG 8 PARTS OF TAPER BEARING


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WORKING PROCESS

shekhar report 5

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