seminars & conferences no 10 - the perception and management of risk

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The Perception and Management ofRiskApplied Methodological Approaches toDevelopment

The Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS), Agence Franaise de Dveloppement (AFD), Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement (IRD), University of Nantes, cole franaise dExtrme-Orient (FEO) and Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) have decided to give their support to the Regional Social Sciences Summer University, referred to as Tam o Days, in the framework of the 2010-2013 partnership agreement. This partnership has the objectives of developing a multi-disciplinary training of excellence, creating a platform for debate, and attracting a wide academic and non-academic audience from across Southeast Asia.

This work contains a verbatim account of the presentations and debates from the plenary sessions and workshops that took place from 19th to 27th July 2013 at the University of Lt on the topic of The Perception and Management of Risk. Four main areas of re%ection are prioritised in the framework of the thematic workshops: From Crisis to the Reduction of Disaster Risk: The Case of Flooding; Financial and Economic Risk; Impact Evaluation: Methods and Application with a Thematic Focus on Micro&nance; Understanding Past Crises in Order to Manage Better the Present: Initiation to the Geo-historical Modelling of Risks (the 1926 Red River Swelling).

COORDINATIONStphane LAGREFrench School of Asian Studies, [email protected]

Virginie DIAZResearch Department, [email protected]

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The Perception and Management ofRiskApplied Methodological Approaches toDevelopment

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The Perception and Management ofRisk

Applied Methodological Approaches toDevelopment

SCIENTIFIC EDITORStphane LAGRE

French School of Asian Studies, [email protected]

COORDINATIONVirginie DIAZ

Research Department, [email protected]

Confrences et sminairesAFDs Research Department organises a large number of seminars and conferences which provide a forum for exchanges of knowledge and experience between development aid actors: researchers, experts, political leaders, NGOs, companies... These events may address any of AFDs !elds of operation. The Confrences et sminaires collection aims to provide readers concerned by these issues with the main outcomes and lessons-learned from this research.

In the same collection:t / Lvaluation en volution - Pratiques et enjeux de lvaluation dans le contexte

dele#cacit du dveloppementt /Water and its Many Issues Methods and Cross-cutting Analysist /Quartiers informels dun monde arabe en transition : r$exions et perspectives pour

laction urbainet /Lconomie informelle dans les pays en dveloppementt /Evaluation and its Discontents: Do We Learn from Experience in Development?t / Social Di%erentiation and Inequalities Methodological and Cross-cutting

Approaches to Questions of Gender and Ethnicityt /Measure for Measure - How Well Do We Measure Development? Proceedings of UIFth"'%&6%/$POGFSFODF

t /Transitions Decreed, Transitions Experienced Regional social sciences summer university Tam o Summer School Week

t /Implementing Large-Scale Energy E#ciency Programs in Existing Buildings in China Conference in Wuhan (China)

All our publications are available at http://recherche.afd.fr

[ Disclaimer ]The analyses and conclusions presented in this document are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily re$ect the position of AFD or its partner institutions.

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[ ]July 2014 / Tam o Summer School Week 2013 / AFD [ ]July 2014 / Tam o Summer School Week 2013 / AFD

Foreword

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2010-2013: A Change on the Regional Scale

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Agence Franaise de Dveloppement "'%

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Within the framework of an annual bipartite convention with VASS.

[ ] July 2014 / Tam o Summer School Week 2013 / AFD[ ] July 2014 / Tam o Summer School Week 2013 / AFD

2013: Opening Up Towards the South of Vit Nam and the Labelling France-Vit Nam ExchangeYear

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An Annual Scienti!c Publication

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Principal Characteristics of the Thematic Workshops of the JTD 2013

Workshops Scale / Level of Analysis

Disciplines Tools / Methods

-1- From Crisis to Disaster

Risk Reduction; the Case of Flooding

Macro, meso and micro levels

Political sciences, sociology

Case studies, comparative approach,

role-play

-2- Economic and Financial

Risks

National, regional and international scales

Economics, geo-politics, !nance Case studies, Excel

-3- Impact Evaluations:

Methods and Applications with a Thematic Focus on

Micro!nance

Macro and meso scales, household surveys

Economics, socio-economics, micro-

!nance

Quasi-experimental and experimental

methods, qualitative and quantitative survey

questionnaires

-4- Understanding

Past Crises to Better Understand the

Present: Initiation to Geo-Historical Risk

Modelling

Regional scale, institutions, individuals

History, computer studies, modelling,

geographical information sciences

Agent-based models, GAMA, historical

archives

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AcknowledgementsThe institutional synergy sealed by a four-year partnership agreement gives the Tam o Summer 4DIPPM8FFLBSFHJPOBMSFBDIPOUIFTDBMFPG4PVUIFBTU"TJBBOECFZPOEBOEGPSUIJTXFXPVMEMJLFUPUIBOLUIF7JU/BN"DBEFNZPG4PDJBM4DJFODFT"HFODF'SBOBJTFEF%WFMPQQFNFOU"'%o3FTFBSDI%FQBSUNFOUMDPMFGSBOBJTFE&YUSNF0SJFOU'&0

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This publication is indebted to Philippe Cabin for his recommendations and it is important GPSVTUPUIBOLi4VQQPSUGPS,OPXMFEHF.BOBHFNFOUwBU"'%GPSUIFRVBMJUZPGPVSFYDIBOHFTwiththem.

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The work involved in transcribing the sessions and workshops is a particularly long and arduous UBTLBOEPVSUIBOLTHPUPUIPTFXIPNBEFUIFFPSUUPQSPWJEFTVDIRVBMJUZUFYUT-OB,SBWFDQMFOBSZ TFTTJPOT BOE8PSLTIPQ HSBEVBUF PG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 3FOOFT ** BOE UIF *OTUJUVU3HJPOBMEV1BUSJNPJOFo*31"(XFOO1VMMJBU8PSLTIPQEPDUPSBMDBOEJEBUFBUUIF$FOUFSGPS"HSBSJBO4ZTUFNT3FTFBSDIBOE%FWFMPQNFOU"UIOBT#EBSE8PSLTIPQ6OJWFSTJUZPG5PVMPVTF.BSJF'MPSJOF5IJFSZ6OJWFSTJUZPG)/J

We would like to congratulate the interpreters and translators who have accompanied this +5%5SO5I 1IOH5IP ,JV5I5IV2VOI 6OJWFSTJUZ PG )/J -5IBOI.BJ7JFUOBNFTF.JOJTUSZ PG 'PSFJHO "BJST /HVZO5I5VZU -BO 'SFODI &NCBTTZ JO7JU /BN%BWJE4NJUIBOE.BSZ(MNPUGSFFMBODFUSBOTMBUPST

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.S/HVZOOI)P/HVZO%VZ.V7JDF1SFTJEFOUBOE.S.BJ9VO5SVOH7JDF1SFTJEFOUUPBMMXFFYUFOEPVSNPTUTJODFSFUIBOLT

Prof. Dr. Hoi NamPresident of the Administration Council

PGUIF(SBEVBUF"DBEFNZPG4PDJBM4DJFODFT


Opening Remarks7,IOI7JOIDirector of the Training Institute, Vice-President of VASS

+FBO/PM1PJSJFSFrench Ambassador in Vit Nam

+FBO.BSD(SBWFMMJOJDirector, AFD, Vit Nam

Olivier TessierRepresentative of FEO in Vit Nam

+FBO1BTDBM5PSSUPORepresentative of IRD in Vit Nam

:WFT1FSSBVEFBVUniversity Professor, Head of Vit Nam and SoutheastAsiaMission, University of Nantes

$MBVEF&NNBOVFM-FSPZPrincipal Project Manager, AUF


Ladies and Gentlemen,

0O CFIBMG PG UIF 7JU /BN "DBEFNZ PG4PDJBM 4DJFODFT * TIPVME STU MJLF UP XJTI BXBSNXFMDPNF UP +FBO/PM 1PJSJFS 'SFODI"NCBTTBEPSJO7JU/BNUPUIFSFDUPSPGUIF6OJWFSTJUZ PG -U UP UIF SFQSFTFOUBUJWFTPGUIFSFTFBSDICPEJFTBOEJOTUJUVUFTBOEUPrepresentatives of the donor organisations and of the French universities here today.

*TIPVMEBMTP MJLFUPXFMDPNFBMMUIFUSBJOFSTBOEUSBJOFFTPGUIF+5%


5IJT ZFBS NBSLT UIF th FEJUJPO PG UIF +5%XIJDI BSF B VOJRVF USBJOJOH QMBUGPSNorganised every year thanks to close cooperation between VASS and its historical French and French-speaking partners. This edition is also the fourth and last year of our QBSUOFSTIJQ BHSFFNFOU 0O UIJTPDDBTJPO BMMPX NF UP UBLF TUPDL CSJFZ PGwhat we have achieved and the results we have obtained.

5PEBZ UIF +5% CFOFU GSPN B DFSUBJOreputation in the %elds of scienti%c research BOE USBJOJOH JO7JU/BNBOE JODPOUJOFOUBM4PVUIFBTU "TJB *O JUT QSFDFEJOH FEJUJPOT

UIF+5%BEESFTTFEDVSSFOU JTTVFTPGSFHJPOBMand international importance. Think about i4USBUFHJFT UP 'JHIU "HBJOTU 1PWFSUZw i*TTVFTPG 4PDJBM %JFSFOUJBUJPO BOE *OFRVBMJUJFTwi8BUFSBOEJUT.BOZ*TTVFTwBOEUIJTZFBSi3JTLPerception andManagement. These themes were dealt with from a multi-disciplinary and DSPTTDVUUJOH BOHMF UIVT DPOUSJCVUJOH UP BOimprovement in competences by introducing and applying new methodological approaches to the worlds of research and development.

The geographical opening up on a regional TDBMF BOE UIF XJEFOJOH PG PVS QVCMJDconstitute another important result for the +5% "MUIPVHI UIF STU UISFF FEJUJPOT XFSFFTTFOUJBMMZPQFOUP7JFUOBNFTFUSBJOFFTGSPN JO DPOGPSNJUZ XJUI PVS QBSUOFSTIJQBHSFFNFOU UIF +5% PQFOFE JUT EPPST UPSFHJPOBM QBSUJDJQBOUT $BNCPEJB -BPT.BMBZTJBBOE5IBJMBOE5IFSFQVUBUJPOPGUIJTsummer school in social sciences thus went beyond Vietnamese territory to become today a much-awaited annual summer event.

'JOBMMZUSBJOJOHIPXFWFSFYDFMMFOUJUNBZCFcannot build up a reputation and continue XJUIPVUTDJFOUJDQVCMJDBUJPOT0OUIJTQPJOU* TIPVME MJLF UP DPOHSBUVMBUF UIF UFBN GSPN

Opening Remarks by7,IOI7JOI

Director of the Training Institute, Vice-President of VASS

[ ] July 2014 / Tam o Summer School Week 2013 / AFD

the Cellule de Coopration Francophone for JUTFPSUTBOEFDJFODZ5IFDPOUFOUPGFBDIFEJUJPO JT FEJUFE USBOTMBUFE BOE BOOVBMMZQVCMJTIFEJOUISFFMBOHVBHFT&OHMJTI'SFODIand Vietnamese. These scienti%c publications BSF PG WFSZ IJHI RVBMJUZ BOE BUUSBDU UIFattention of our researchers and teachers.

'PSBMM UIFTFSFBTPOT7"44SFJUFSBUFT JUTXJTIand its will to continue this cooperation XJUI JUT MPOHTUBOEJOH QBSUOFST XIJMF BUthe same time encouraging a widening of the partnership in order to make possible a TFDPOEQIBTF


Europe is debating its recovery from the debt crisis; Africa and the Middle East are plunged into social and political instability; UFSSPSJTN JOUFSFUIOJD BOE SFMJHJPVT DPOJDUTBSFPOUIFSJTFUISPVHIPVUUIFXPSME/BUVSBMcatastrophes linked to climate change and the destruction of the environment are causing havoc on all continents. Remember UIF SFDFOU FBSUIRVBLF BOE UTVOBNJ UIBUTUSVDL +BQBO DBVTJOH B SBEJPBDUJWF MFBL JO5IFFOEFNJDSJTLPGBWJBOVDPOUJOVFTto threaten Asian countries. The world must face up to an increasing number of multi-faceted risks. The management of these SJTLT JT UPEBZ B NBKPS QSFPDDVQBUJPO PGgovernments. This management implies close cooperation between countries in a DPOUFYUPGHMPCBMJTBUJPOBOEJOUFHSBUJPO

This is why we have chosen by mutual BHSFFNFOUUPEFWPUFUIJTFEJUJPOPGUIF+5%to The Perception and Management of Risks.

5IJT ZFBS UIF VOJWFSTJUZ PG -U JT BU UIFIFBSUPGUIF+5%PSHBOJTBUJPO5IFUSBJOFSTBOEFYQFSUT IBWF DPNF GSPN SFTFBSDI JOTUJUVUFTand prestigious French universities. More than seventy Vietnamese trainees represent UIF UISFF NBKPS SFHJPOT PG 7JU /BN 0VS$BNCPEJBO BOE -BPUJBO DPMMFBHVFT BSF BMTPpresent.

8F BSF BMTP WFSZ IBQQZ UIBU UIFTF +5% BSFQBSUPGUIF'SBODF7JU/BN:FBSXIJDIPODFBHBJOVOEFSMJOFTUIFRVBMJUZPGUIFUSBJOJOH

5PDPODMVEFPONZCFIBMGBOEPOCFIBMGPG7"44 *BNTJODFSFMZUIBOLGVMUPPVSQBSUOFSTXIP IBWF BDDPNQBOJFE VT TJODF Agence Franaise de Dveloppement, lInstitut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement, lcole Franaise dExtrme-Orient UIF 6OJWFSTJUZPG /BOUFT BOE lAgence Universitaire de la Francophonie.

* TIPVME BMTP MJLF UP UIBOL UIF SFDUPSTIJQand the management of the university of -UGPSUIFJSXBSNXFMDPNFBTXFMMBTPVScolleagues from the Cellule de Coopration Francophone for their contribution in making UIF+5%BTVDDFTT

(PPEIFBMUIUPZPVBMMFWFSZTVDDFTTUPUIF+5%

Thank you for your attention.


Dear Mr. V Khnh Vinh,Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear friends,

* BN WFSZ IBQQZ UP CF BNPOH ZPV UIJTNPSOJOH JO UIJT CFBVUJGVM DJUZ PG -U GPSthis seventh edition of the Tam o Social 4DJFODFT 4VNNFS 4DIPPM XIJDI IBT UIFHPPE GPSUVOF UP CF IFSF UIJT ZFBS *UT B HSFBU JOJUJBUJWF BT UIJT ZFBS -U JTDFMFCSBUJOH JUT th BOOJWFSTBSZ :PV LOPXBMSFBEZ UIBU'SBODF UIBOLT UP%PDUPS:FSTJOwas responsible for the founding of the city PG -U PVS DPVOUSZ KPJOT UPHFUIFS XJUIUIF -N OH QSPWJODF UP DFMFCSBUF UIJTBOOJWFSTBSZ XJUI OPUBCMZ BU UIF FOE PG UIFyear a French cultural week.

'SBODF JT QSFTFOU JO UIF QPMJUJDBM FDPOPNJDand cooperation domains. One of our strong points is university cooperation in the %eld PG SFTFBSDI BOE UIFTF +5% BSF UFTUJNPOZUP UIJT *U JTEJDVMU UPOEBOFRVJWBMFOUPGUIJT QSPKFDU UIBU ZPV BSF VOEFSUBLJOH XJUIthe cole Franaise dExtrme-Orient UIFcooperation of French universities and the support of services from the French Embassy.

0WFSUIFOFYUGFXEBZTZPVXJMMCFOFUGSPNa rare level of debate about the perception BOENBOBHFNFOUPGSJTLTBOPUJPOUIBUJTBMMUPP SFBM JO7JU/BNXIFOXF TQFBL BCPVUenvironmental and climate risks.

* EPOUXBOU UP TQFBL GPS UPP MPOH BT UIFTF+5%BSFHPJOHUPCFMPOHBOEUIFSTUMFDUVSFTBSF BCPVU UP CFHJO * TIPVME MJLF UPXBSNMZthank all my fellow French compatriots who have come here today to prove that French QFPQMFEPXPSLCFUXFFOUIFthBOEth of +VMZ*TIPVMEBMTPMJLFUPUIBOLUIF7JFUOBNFTFUSBJOFFTXIP EVSJOH UIFTF TBNF +5%XIJMFthe city is full of Vietnamese tourists who have DPNFUPEJTDPWFSUIFDJUZPG-UBOEUIFQSPWJODFPG-NOHIBWFEFDJEFEUPDPNFto this summer school and meet French researchers with whom they will share their FYQFSJFODFT

'JOBMMZ * TIPVMETJNQMZ MJLF UPXJTIZPVBMM Bvery pleasant meeting here in the University PG-UXIJDI*UIBOLGPSJUTXBSNXFMDPNFBOE*IPQFUIBUUIFTF+5%XJMMCFGPSUIFDJUZPG -U BO FWFOU UIBU XJMM TPNF EBZ CFrepeated.

*BNCPUIIBQQZBOEQSPVEUPCFBNPOHZPVUIJTNPSOJOH#ZDPNJOHIFSFUPEBZ*XBOUFEto show the importance the French Embassy BOEUIFTFSWJDFTPGUIF'SFODI'PSFJHO0DFattach to this type of cooperation that does so much for the reputation and longevity of SFMBUJPOTCFUXFFO'SBODFBOE7JU/BN

Thank you everybody.

Opening Remarks by+FBO/PM1PJSJFS

French Ambassador in Vit Nam


Mr. Jean Nol Poirier, Ambassador of France inVit Nam,Mr. V Khnh Vinh, Vice-President of VASS and Director of the Training Institute,Mr. Hoi Nam, President of the Administration Council of the Training Institute and former President of VASS,Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues,

"T ZPV LOPX UIF "'% JT POF PG UIF NBJOdonors in the countries of the sub-continent. 5IFTF DPVOUSJFT GSPNXIJDI ZPV DPNF BSFFYQFSJFODJOHSFNBSLBCMFQSPHSFTTBOEFWFOEFFQ VQIFBWBMT 5IFZ NVTU DPOTFRVFOUMZBDRVJSF DBQBDJUJFT PG SFTFBSDI BOE BOBMZTJTto better understand the challenges of their EFWFMPQNFOU BOE UP CFUUFS BQQSFIFOE UIFsuccessive crises with which they will be inevitably confronted.

Knowledge production at AFD

"TXFMMBTOBODJBMQSPEVDUJPOUIFOBODJOHPGQSPKFDUT UIF"'%IBTXBOUFEUPEFWFMPQover the last ten or so years an intellectual QSPEVDUJPO B QSPEVDUJPO PG LOPXMFEHF*O UIJT DPOUFYU BMMPX NF UP QPJOU PVU UIFQSFTFODF BNPOH VT PG .S "MBJO )FOSZNZQSFEFDFTTPSJO)/JXIPJTDVSSFOUMZEJSFDUPSPG SFTFBSDI BU UIF"'%TIFBERVBSUFST"MBJO)FOSZIBTXJEFMZDPOUSJCVUFEUPEFWFMPQJOHUIJT QJMMBS PG "'% BDUJWJUZ BOE IFSF JO 7JU/BNOPUBCMZIF JOWPMWFEUIFBHFODZ JO UIFOBODJOHBOETFUUJOHVQPGUIF+5%

*O 7JU /BN QSFDJTFMZ XF DPODFOUSBUF PVSSFFDUJPOT BSPVOE UIF GPMMPXJOH UIFNFTDMJNBUF BOE FOFSHZ VSCBOJTBUJPO BOENJHSBUJPO HPWFSOBODF BOE TPDJFUZ 5IJTintellectual production aims at throwing light upon our intervention strategies BOE PFSJOH TVQQPSU GPS UIF EFOJOH PGJOOPWBUJWF QSPHSBNNFT $PODSFUFMZ UIJTNFBOT BDDPNQBOZJOH USBJOJOH TUVEJFTSFTFBSDIQSPHSBNNFTBOEUIFEJTTFNJOBUJPOPGLOPXMFEHF"'%UIVTTFFLTUPBDRVJSFBOJOEFQUIVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGUIFMPDBMDPOUFYUto support the implementation of new QPMJDJFTBOEGFFEUIFEFCBUFBCPVUBJEBOEdevelopment.

#ZQVSTVJOHUIFTFUBSHFUT"'%BMTPBUUFNQUTUP FODPVSBHF FYDIBOHFT CFUXFFO OPU POMZSFTFBSDI BOE UIF PQFSBUJPOBM TQIFSF CVUalso between networks of international researchers and national institutions.

AFD Participation at the JTD

4JODF "'% IBT CFFO QBSUJDJQBUJOH JOUIF+5%BMPOHXJUISFTFBSDIFSTBOEVOJWFSTJUZMFDUVSFST GSPN UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /BOUFT*3% '&0 "6' UP OBNF CVU B GFX 5IJTQBSUOFSTIJQJNQMFNFOUFECZ'&0JOJTCBTFEVQPOUSBJOJOHXIJDIJTUIFGPVOEBUJPOof all economic and social development. 0OF PG UIFNBKPS BTTFUT PG UIF QSPHSBNNFJT CBTFE VQPO DPODSFUF EFUBJMFE BQQMJFElearning and scienti%c methodology. Allow

Opening Remarks by+FBO.BSD(SBWFMMJOJ

Director, AFD, Vit Nam


me here to emphasise one of the original JNQPSUBOU RVBMJUJFT PG UIF +5% OPU POMZ JTBQQMJFETDJFODFMFBSOFECVUJUJTBMTPBDRVJSFEin a multi-disciplinary manner. All the results PG UIF EFWFMPQNFOU QIBTF PG UIF +5% BSFUIF PCKFDU PG BO FYUFSOBM FWBMVBUJPO DBSSJFEPVU CZ BO JOEFQFOEFOU DPOTVMUBOU * BNhappy to announce that this evaluation has CFFOWFSZQPTJUJWF5IBUTXIZUIJTZFBS"'%TIPVMEEFDJEF*WFSZNVDIIPQFUPDPOUJOVFTVQQPSUJOHUIJTQBSUOFSTIJQXJUIUIF+5%

The 2013 Thematic

'JOBMMZ * TIPVME MJLF UP DPOHSBUVMBUF UIF +5%team on their choice of topic for their work. :PVBSFHPJOHUPXPSLPOi5IF1FSDFQUJPOBOE.BOBHFNFOUPG3JTLw5IJT TVCKFDUIBTCFFOQBSUJDVMBSMZXFMM DIPTFO BT JU JT DVSSFOUMZ BUthe centre of much concern in the world of VOJWFSTJUJFTBOEFOUFSQSJTF *U JTBTVCKFDU GPSthe future because tomorrows world is also POFPGNBKPS SJTLT5IVT BTBEPOPSBHFODZwe are spending more and more time BQQSFDJBUJOHUIFSJTLTMJOLFEUP- The social and economic situation of

countries; %FNPHSBQIJDT BDDFMFSBUFE VSCBOJTBUJPO

territorial development; &OWJSPONFOUBM JTTVFT UBLJOH JOUP BDDPVOU

UIF FFDU PO OBUVSBM SFTPVSDFT XBUFS BJSTPJMPGUIFQSPKFDUTXFOBODF

$MJNBUF B DPVOUSZ MJLF 7JU /BN HVSFTGPSFYBNQMFBNPOHUIFDPVOUSJFTUIBUBSFUIFNPTUFYQPTFEUPUIFDPOTFRVFODFTPGrising water levels;

5IF QPMJUJDBM FYQPTVSF PG DFSUBJO "'%QBSUOFST UIFHPWFSOBODFPG UIF DPVOUSJFTin which we intervene;

5IF JODSFBTF JO FRVBMJUJFT CFUXFFOJOEJWJEVBMT TPDJBM DMBTTFT TFYFT BOEgenerations;

3FQVUBUJPOTIPVMEXFBTTPDJBUFPVSTFMWFTXJUIQSPKFDUT UIBUNJHIU SFTVMU JODSJUJDJTNGSPN/(0TGSPNJOEFQFOEFOUPCTFSWFSTPSFWFOUIFQSFTT

- Money laundering or the %nancing of terrorism;

- Aspects of legality and non-conformity; 5IF OBODJOH DPOEJUJPOT XF PFS UP UIF

companies we %nance. Our own %nancial situation depends on this.

"MM UIFTF SJTLT NVTU CF UBLFO JOUP BDDPVOUthey must be measured as much as possible and appreciated in their right dimension.

#VU XF NVTU OPU GBMM JOUP UIF USBQ PG SJTLBWFSTJPOUIFSFGVTBMUPUBLFUIFTMJHIUFTUSJTL

*OUIFDPVOUSJFTXIFSFXFJOUFSWFOFXFBSFCZ EFOJUJPO FYQPTFE UP UIJT UZQF PG SJTL8FNVTUBOBMZTFUIFNTPNFUJNFTXFNVTUSFGVTF UP UBLF UIFNCVUPGUFOPVS SPMFBT Bdevelopment bank consists in taking risks with full background knowledge and paying special attention to the limiting of these risks.

:PVXJMM VOEFSTUBOE UIBU JO TVDIB DPOUFYUZPVSXPSLUPEBZBUUIFTF+5%BOEUPNPSSPXBTSFTFBSDIFSTJOZPVSSFTQFDUJWFMBCPSBUPSJFTis of great interest to us. This is why we shall CFFYUSFNFMZBUUFOUJWFUPUIFDPODMVTJPOTPGyour workshops. And its also the reason for XIJDI*XJTIZPVBQMFBTBOUXFFLTXPSLBOElots of success in our Tam o Social Sciences 4VNNFS4DIPPMJO-U

Thank you for your attention.


* BN WFSZ IBQQZ UP CF QBSUJDJQBUJOH JO UIJTth FEJUJPO PG UIF +5% 0WFS UIF ZFBST UIJTannual meeting has become a not-to-be-missed event of Franco-Vietnamese DPPQFSBUJPOJOTPDJBMTDJFODFTUPTVDIBQPJOUthat its reputation has crossed the Vietnamese borders and it is now attracting participants from other countries in the region.

)FSFCSJFZ BSF UIF SFMBUJPOT UIBU MJOL'&0UPUIF+5% '&0 UISPVHI JUT '41 QSPKFDU i3FTFBSDI

Support into the Challenges of Social and &DPOPNJD 5SBOTJUJPO JO 7JU /BNw XBT BUUIFTPVSDFPGUIF+5%MBVODIFEJOCZJUT iIJTUPSJDBMw DSFBUPS 4UQIBOF -BHSF Bcontract researcher at the school.

'&0QBSUJDJQBUFTXJUI7"44"'%*3%"6'BOEUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG/BOUFTJOUIFTDJFOUJDorientation of each edition and provides %nancial support.

'JOBMMZBMMNFNCFSTPG'&0QPTUFEBUUIF)/J PDFIBWFCFFOEJSFDUMZ JOWPMWFEin the activities and events proposed by UIF+5%BOEUIJTXBTUIFDBTFGSPNJUTWFSZSTUFEJUJPO1IJMJQQF1BQJO"OESFX)BSEZ1IJMJQQF-F'BJMMFSBOENZTFMG

"T GPS NF 4UQIBOF XBSNMZ BOE B UPVDIJSPOJDBMMZ SFGFST UP NF BT iUIF +5%T MJWJOHNFNPSZw JO TP GBS BT * IBWF QBSUJDJQBUFE JOFWFSZFEJUJPOPGUIF+5%XIFUIFSJUCFJOBOinterventionary framework in the plenary TFTTJPOTBOEPSBTKPJOUPSHBOJTFSGPSWFZFBST

of the workshop into socio-anthropological TVSWFZT

As an active observer of this event since JUTDSFBUJPO * TIPVME MJLF UPTBZB GFXXPSETabout how it has progressed.

'PS UIF STU UXP ZFBST UIF WPDBUJPO PG UIF+5% XBT BCPWF BMM DPODFJWFE UP CF BOEdescribed as a training event that would SBJTF BXBSFOFTT PG UIF EJFSFOU NFUIPETand approaches particular to each of the NBKPSEJTDJQMJOBSZFMETEFBMUXJUIFDPOPNZTPDJPMPHZ BOUISPQPMPHZ EFNPHSBQIZ FUD)FODF UIF UJUMFPG UIF GFFECBDLQVCMJDBUJPOPGUIFSTUUXPFEJUJPOTBOEXBTFMPRVFOU i/FX "QQMJFE .FUIPEPMPHJDBM"QQSPBDIFT UP %FWFMPQNFOUw 5IF FEJUJPO GPMMPXFECZ UIF MBVODIPG UIF GPVSZFBSQSPKFDUJONBSLFEBUVSOJOHQPJOUJOUIFJOJUJBMEFOJUJPOPGUIF+5%*OPSEFSUPgive more weight to the trainings impact and to federate the topics of the presentations in UIF QMFOBSZ TFTTJPOT BT XFMM BT UIPTF EFBMUXJUI JO UIFEJFSFOUXPSLTIPQT B DPNNPOTUVEZTVCKFDUXBTEFOFE i4USBUFHJFT GPS UIF 3FEVDUJPO PG

1PWFSUZ.FUIPEPMPHJDBM BOE$SPTTDVUUJOHApproaches;

i5SBOTJUJPOT %FDSFFE 5SBOTJUJPOT&YQFSJFODFE 'SPN (MPCBM UP -PDBM.FUIPEPMPHJDBM $SPTTDVUUJOH BOE $SJUJDBMMethods;

Opening Remarks by Olivier Tessier

Representative of FEO in Vit Nam


i4PDJBM %JFSFOUJBUJPO BOE *OFRVBMities. Methodological and Crosscutting "QQSPBDIFTUP2VFTUJPOTPG&UIOJDJUZw

i8BUFSBOEJUT.BOZ*TTVFT.FUIPEological and Crosscutting Approaches.

This progression of the concept had a double PCKFDUJWFUPFNQIBTJTFUIFNVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZEJNFOTJPO PG UIF TVCKFDUT EFBMU XJUI CZshowing the participants in a concrete NBOOFSUIBUEJWFSTFDPNQMFNFOUBSZSFHBSETXIFUIFS OFVUSBM PS BOUBHPOJTUJD DPVMECF FYQSFTTFE BCPVU UIF TBNF TVCKFDU UPNBUFSJBMJTF BOE SFJOGPSDF UIF FYJTUJOH MJOLTbetween the scienti%c methods particular to the social sciences and approaches to development.

This years theme is a new demonstration of our wish to prioritise a multi-disciplinary approach and be in phase with the concerns of the contemporary world. Even though the notion of risk is consubstantial with UIF IJTUPSZ PG IVNBOJUZ JUT FWPMVUJPOBOE RVBOUJDBUJPO XFSF UIF TPVSDF PG BOJOTUJUVUJPO JO UIF th century that has now CFDPNF GBNJMJBS BOE FWFO CBOBM JOTVSBODFand the insurance systems that protect our lives.

*O7JU /BN QPUFOUJBM UISFBUT FJUIFS SFBM PSJNBHJOFEDBVTFECZDMJNBUFDIBOHFBSFBUUIFheart of the States concerns and also those

of private and public institutional players and international donors. Faced with this spontaneous and/or carefully orchestrated HSPXJOH BXBSFOFTT XF DBO MFHJUJNBUFMZXPOEFS GPS FYBNQMF XIBU QFSDFQUJPOT EPpopulations have of these current changes JO DMJNBUF BOE PG UIFJS QPUFOUJBM JNQBDU 3JTL TPDJPMPHZ B CSBODI PG TPDJPMPHZ UIBUhas greatly developed since the publication PG JUT GPVOEJOHXPSLCZ6MSJDI#FDL JOi3JTL4PDJFUZ5PXBSETB/FX.PEFSOJUZwDBOUISPXOFXMJHIUPOUIFTVCKFDUBOEQSPWJEFanswers.

5P HFU CBDL UP UIF +5% MFU VT SFNBSL UIBUprogress in the concept of risk has been accompanied by an opening up to other countries in the region and progress in the RVBMJUZPGJUTXSJUUFOQVCMJDBUJPOTCPUIJOUIFJSDPOUFOU BOE GPSNBU 4JODF BO &OHMJTIversion has been added to its publications XJUIJO UIF GSBNFXPSL PG BO "'%'&0 DPpublication.

5P DPODMVEF XF DBO UIVT POMZ IPQF UIBUB OFX GPVSZFBS NVMUJQBSUOFS QSPKFDU XJMMguarantee the pursuit of the brand-new FYQFSJFODF UIF +5% DPOTUJUVUF BOE UIBU UIFlatter may inspire new initiatives and forms of cooperation throughout the region that will work for the development of social sciences and for a better understanding of both past and present Southeast Asian societies.


Dear Vice-president of the Vit Nam Academy of Social Sciences,Dear French Ambassador in Vit Nam,Dear Director of Studies and Research at "HFODF'SBOBJTFEF%WFMPQQFNFOU,Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues, organisers and participants,

Ever since the creation of the Summer School JO4PDJBM4DJFODFTJO*3%IBTDPNNJUUFEitself with its partners to contributing to its TVDDFTT 0ODF BHBJO UIJT ZFBS PVS JOTUJUVUFJT HJWJOH JUT TVQQPSU UP UIJT TDJFOUJD FWFOUwhich is of utmost importance to researchers BOE BEWBODFE TUVEFOUT JO UIJT FME CPUI%nancially and through the investment of its TDJFOUJTUT *3%T JOWPMWFNFOU JO UIF TDIPPM JTcontinuing for many reasons.

'JSTUMZUIJTQBSUOFSTIJQXJUI7"44JTNBJOUBJOFEbecause it is the wish of its President that it be SFOFXFEFBDIZFBS*OUIJTIJTXJTIDPOWFSHFTXJUIUIBUPG*3%UPJOWPMWFNPSFJUT4PVUIFSOpartners in the de%nition and creation of common targets in an ethical approach to the partnership.

'VSUIFSNPSF UIJT JOUFSJOTUJUVUJPOBM TZOFSHZCFUXFFO7"44"'%'&0"6'UIF6OJWFSTJUZPG /BOUFT BOE *3% BMTP DPSSFTQPOET UP Bmode of action that was desired by our institute for the bene%t of our Southern partners.

This social sciences summer school aims to impart to trainees a scienti%c approach and methodologies for study. This transfer will CFOFU GVUVSFTDJFOUJDNBOBHFSTVOJWFSTJUZteachers and researchers whose analyses will help de%ne public policies aimed at responding to development issues. This transfer is an integral part of the institutes development research missions.

The interdisciplinary and crosscutting nature PG UIF BQQSPBDIFT XIJDI XFSF BEWPDBUFEfrom the very outset by its organisers and QBSUOFST JT BMTP UIF TBNF BQQSPBDI PVSJOTUJUVUF BEPQUT BT XF BSF DPOWJODFE UIBUonly multi-disciplinary collaboration will help us rise to development challenges.

5IFi'SBODF7JU/BN:FBSwXIJDIDFMFCSBUFTUIF th anniversary of diplomatic relations CFUXFFO UIF UXP DPVOUSJFT JT CFJOHcelebrated by a wide range of events in BMM FMET JODMVEJOH SFTFBSDI BOE IJHIFSFEVDBUJPO 5IBUT XIZ *3% JT WFSZ IBQQZ UPCF QBSUJDJQBUJOH JO UIJT i'SBODF7JU /BN:FBSw BOE JT EPJOH TP JO UISFF EJFSFOUXBZT B QIPUPHSBQIJD FYQPTJUJPO BCPVU UIFactivities we have carried out in collaboration XJUI PVS QBSUOFST MFDUVSFTEFCBUFT GPS UIFXJEFSQVCMJDBOEDPOHSFTTFTBOEXPSLTIPQTGPS TDJFOUJD USBJOJOH 5IFTF +5% XIJDI BSFOPX PDJBMMZ SFDPHOJTFE GPSN QBSU PG UIFlatter.

Opening Remarks by+FBO1BTDBM5PSSUPO

Representative of IRD in Vit Nam


'JOBMMZ FWFO UIPVHI UIJT JNQPSUBOU BOOVBMsocial sciences scienti%c event is this year CFJOH DFMFCSBUFE JO B CJMBUFSBM GSBNFXPSLit is also part of the development activities of a regional network of Southern scientists. This regional dynamic also corresponds to the arrangements for intervention that the *3%IBTTFU JUTFMGXJUIJOUIFGSBNFXPSLPG JUTSFHJPOBM QSJPSJUZ QSPHSBNNFT * TIBMM DPNFback to this.

5IJTZFBSTDIPTFOUIFNFi5IF1FSDFQUJPOBOEManagement of Risk. Applied Methodological "QQSPBDIFT UP %FWFMPQNFOUw SFNJOET VTPG SFDFOUSFFDUJPOTDBSSJFEPVUCZ *3%POBregional scale.

+VTU OPX * TQPLF BCPVU PVS JOTUJUVUFT XJTIUPTUSVDUVSFJUTQSPKFDUTPOBSFHJPOBMTDBMFJOPSEFS UP EFWFMPQ TZOFSHJFT CFUXFFO UFBNTBDBEFNJD TVCKFDUT BOENFUIPET o SFTFBSDIis done on an international scale and thus a fortiori PO B SFHJPOBM POF o BOE BMTP UPPCUBJOBO JNQSPWFEWJTJCJMJUZPGPVSQSPKFDUTon this scale.

*O PSEFS UP SJTF UP UIFTF DIBMMFOHFT PVSinstitute has been recently developing a regional system of strategic long-term (ten ZFBST EFWFMPQNFOU XIJDI JT CSJOHJOHUPHFUIFS 4PVUIFSO BOE /PSUIFSO UFBNT UPXPSL PO DPNNPO KPJOUMZ ESBGUFE UBSHFUTthe regional pilot programme. This system will mobilise Southern partners in its management and governance and in the ethical methods of the partnership that * TQPLF BCPVU FBSMJFS "NPOH UIF TFWFOFYJTUJOH POFT UIF POF EFWFMPQFE JO UIFSFHJPO JT FOUJUMFE 4&-5"3 GPS i4PJM 8BUFS$PBTUBM8BUFSTBOE4PDJFUJFT'BDFEXJUI3JTLTJO4PVUIBOE4PVUIFBTU"TJBw *UTDFOUSBMBYJTJTiUIFQFSDFQUJPOFWBMVBUJPOBOEBUUFOVBUJPOPGSJTLTwBOEJTUIVTJODMPTFDPOWFSHFODFXJUI

UIJT ZFBST +5% UIFNF *O PSEFS UP BDIJFWFUIJT DSPTTDVUUJOH QSPHSBNNF UIF SFFDUJPOPG *3% BOE JUT QBSUOFST JT CBTFE VQPO UIFspeci%cities of South and Southeast Asia that make it one of the regions in the world that is UIFNPTUFYQPTFEUPSJTLJOBMMJUTEJNFOTJPOT

These characteristics can be brought UPHFUIFS JO GPVS NBJO HSPVQT XIJDI BSFNPSF PS MFTT MJOLFE HFPNPSQIPMPHJDBMFOWJSPONFOUBMDMJNBUJD EFNPHSBQIJDBM BOEsocio-economic.

*O HFPNPSQIPMPHJDBM UFSNT UIF SFHJPO JTcharacterised by varied situations. We can EJTUJOHVJTIMBOEBUEJFSFOUIFJHIUTXJUIUIFnatural risks associated with them volcanic FSVQUJPOT FSPTJPO PG TMPQJOH TPJM o BOEEFMUBT FYQPTFE UP PPEJOH DPBTUBM FSPTJPOtsunamis and risks of being submerged by rising seas.

As far as the environment and climate is DPODFSOFE UIJT [POF JT OFBS UIF XBSNFTUPDFBOJD [POFT PO UIF QMBOFU XIJDI GFFEthe largest atmospheric convective activity. These warm waters thus constitute the driving force of the tropical atmospheric circulation that inter-reacts with other QIFOPNFOB PO B XJEF TQBUJBM TDBMF BOEPO EJFSFOU UJNF TDBMFT BOE HJWFT SJTFUP FYUSFNF NFUFPSPMPHJDBM DPOEJUJPOToDZDMPOFTPPEJOHBOEESPVHIUoUIBUNBZCFFYBDFSCBUFECZHMPCBMDMJNBUFDIBOHF

Another of this regions characteristics is JUT HFOFSBMMZ IJHI EFNPHSBQIZ XJUI JUTimplications in terms of food security. Cross-CPSEFSNJHSBUJPOUIBUJTMJUUMFNPOJUPSFEBOEsometimes not at all in highly populated [POFTIBTGVSUIFSNPSFNBOZDPOTFRVFODFTJO UFSNT PG FQJEFNJPMPHJDBM BOE [PPOPUJDrisks.


'JOBMMZ UIJT SFHJPO JT DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ IJHIFDPOPNJD HSPXUI XIJDI XIFO JOUFSBDUJOHXJUI PUIFS TQFDJDJUJFT MFBET UP OVNFSPVTenvironmental and public health risks linked UPDIBOHFTJOMBOEVTFBOEVSCBOBHSJDVMUVSBMBOE JOEVTUSJBMQPMMVUJPOXIJDIBMTP SFTVMU JOTPDJPFDPOPNJDSJTLTCBOLJOHSJTLTFUD

This regional pilot programme has been JO QMBDF TJODF MBTU ZFBS TDJFOUJTUT4PVUIFBTU"TJBOJOTUJUVUJPOTBOE'SFODIteams are currently involved. This year it is HJWJOH JUT TVQQPSU UP TDJFOUJD SFVOJPOTXPSLTIPQT PS SFTFBSDI JODFOUJWF QSPKFDUTwhich all involve researchers and partners in 7JU/BNIBMGPGXIJDIBSFDBSSJFEPVUCZ*3%researchers and their Vietnamese partners.

5P DPODMVEF UIJT QSFTFOUBUJPO IBT HJWFO BTVNNBSZ PG UIF PCKFDUJWFT UP CF QVSTVFECZUIJTQBSUOFSTIJQBTUIJTZFBST+5%UIFNFPerception and Management of Risks closely DPOWFSHFTXJUI*3%TNJTTJPOTBOEUIFNFBOTof which it disposes to achieve them. As is the DBTFFBDIZFBSUIF+5%XJMMDBMMMBSHFMZVQPOUIF SFTFBSDIFST PG PVS JOTUJUVUF QBSUJDVMBSMZ

UIF FDPOPNJTUT GSPN UIF %*"- VOJU XIPIBWF CFFO QBSUOFST BOE KPJOU PSHBOJTFSTPG UIJT FWFOU FWFS TJODF JU CFHBO CVU BMTPSFTFBSDIFSTGSPNUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMNJYFEVOJUof mathematical and computer science of DPNQMFY TZTUFNTNPEFMMJOH GPS UIF TFDPOEDPOTFDVUJWF ZFBS XIJDI BHBJO FNQIBTJTFTthe interdisciplinary nature of this event.

$FSUBJO PG UIF BCPWFNFOUJPOFE SJTLT UIFDIBMMFOHFT BOE DPODFQUT UIFZ JOWPMWF IPXthey are perceived by the population and UIPTF XIP EFDJEF BOE UIFJS NBOBHFNFOUwill be addressed during this social sciences TVNNFS TDIPPM * IBWF OP EPVCU UIBU UIBUUIF QMFOBSZ QSFTFOUBUJPOT GPMMPXFE CZ UIFUSBJOJOHXJMMPODFBHBJOUIJTZFBSMFBEUPNVDIBOJNBUFEEFCBUFBOEGFSUJMFFYDIBOHFT

* UIBOLZPV GPSZPVSBUUFOUJPOBOEXJTIZPVBOFYDFMMFOUth edition of the Tam o Social 4DJFODFT4VNNFS4DIPPMXIJDI JT UIJT ZFBSplaced under the auspices of the France-Vit /BN:FBSw


Dear French Ambassador in Vit Nam, dear presidents, dear directors, doctorate students and colleagues,

* BN HSFBUMZ IPOPVSFE UP CF QBSUJDJQBUJOHJO UIJT PQFOJOH TFTTJPO PG UIF +5% Risk Perception and Management Applied Methodological Approaches to %FWFMPQNFOUw0OBQFSTPOBMMFWFMPGDPVSTFbut also and especially as the President of UIF6OJWFSTJUZ PG /BOUFT 4QFDJBM "EWJTPS GPS$PPQFSBUJPO XJUI 7JU /BN BOE 4PVUIFBTU"TJB*NPTUTJODFSFMZUIBOLZPV

0O CFIBMG PG 0MJWJFS -BCPVY UIF 1SFTJEFOUPG UIF 6OJWFSTJUZ PG /BOUFT BOE IJT 7JDF1SFTJEFOU GPS *OUFSOBUJPOBM"BJST(XOBMMF1SPVUJSF.BVMJPO XF BSF WFSZ IBQQZ UPbe present for this seventh edition. The QSFTFODFPGUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG/BOUFTBUUIFTF+5% EFNPOTUSBUFT PVS XJTI UP DPOUJOVFQBSUJDJQBUJOH JO UIJT DPMMFDUJWF QSPKFDUWe consider that this way of working is QPTJUJWFGPSEPDUPSBUFTUVEFOUTUFBDIFSTBOEresearchers in the Association of Southeast "TJBO/BUJPOTBOEUIF'SFODITQFBLJOHXPSME"GUFS UIF QSFWJPVT +5%T XF JNNFEJBUFMZSFDFJWFEBiSFUVSOPOPVSDPNNJUNFOUwXJUInew cooperation and recent inscriptions for

KPJOUHVBSEJBOTIJQEPDUPSBUFT *OPVSFZFT BGBJSFYDIBOHF

Within the framework of its international DPPQFSBUJPO QPMJDZ PVS VOJWFSTJUZ JTparticipating actively in the medical TFDUPS ) /J BOE ) $I .JOI $JUZ

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BOE OBMMZ FDPOPNJDTDJFODFT BOENBOBHFNFOU )/J 1IOPN1FOI ) $I .JOI $JUZ *O UIF GVUVSF PVSinternational cooperation strategy will EFQFOE PO OFXNFBOT PG DPNNVOJDBUJPOparticularly given our limited human SFTPVSDFT 'VSUIFSNPSF BGUFS IBWJOH CFFOone of the original components of the SFFDUJPOPOUIFQSPKFDUGPSBEPDUPSBMTDIPPMJO7JU/BNUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG/BOUFTJTUPEBZpresent in the future collective doctoral OVSTFSZwQSPKFDUMFECZ"6'BOEUIF5SBJOJOH*OTUJUVUFBU7"44

"T UIF EJSFDUPS PG UIF /BOUFT &DPOPNZBOE .BOBHFNFOU *OTUJUVUF * TIPVME MJLF UPFNQIBTJTF PVS QSFTFODF IFSF JO 7JU /BNwith four masters in the economy and management sector and one in Cambodia. 0VS QSPKFDUT XJUI 5IBJMBOE BSF QSPHSFTTJOH

Opening Remarks by:WFT1FSSBVEFBV

University ProfessorHead of Vit Nam and Southeast Asia

Mission, University of Nantes


This is a strategy of opening up that is also part of the regional positioning of these TVNNFS TDIPPMTXIJDI JT UIFXJTIPG BMM JUTpartners.

*U JT BMTP BT B UFBDIFSSFTFBSDIFS BOEFDPOPNJTUBDDPNQBOJFECZGPVSDPMMFBHVFTGSPN /BOUFT o 4PQIJF 1BSEP )OI 1IN"ESJBO1PQBOE5IPNBT7BMMFPVSMBCPSBUPSZEJSFDUPS o UIBU * BN QBSUJDJQBUJOH XJMMJOHMZJO UIJT FWFOU )OI JT PVS DPMMFBHVFXIP JTB TQFDJBMJTU JO UIJT [POFBOE"ESJBOXJMM BMTPmake a presentation in the plenary sessions. 5IFUIFNFPGUIFTF+5%oSJTLoJTBMTPGPSVTBO JNQPSUBOUBYJTPG SFTFBSDIBOEXIBUTNPSF 4PQIJF JT DPGBDJMJUBUPSPGPVSiOBODFand risk workshop.

'PS BO FDPOPNJTU UIF SJTL NBOBHFNFOURVFTUJPO JT GVOEBNFOUBM "T 4DIVNQFUFSQPJOUFEPVUUIFFOUSFQSFOFVSJTUIFPOFXIPtakes the %nancial and technological risk. *OEFFEUIFUBLJOHPGSJTLJTJNQMJDJUMZQSFTFOUin any type of created activity or investment. 5IJT SJTL PG B NJDSP PS NBDSPFDPOPNJDEJNFOTJPO DPODFSOT OVNFSPVT TFDUPSTparticularly in the %nancing or intermediation business. Systems of prudential regulation have shown their limits and need to be SFWJTFE XIJDI JT IBQQFOJOH 5IF TVCQSJNFDSJTJT XJUI JUT IBSNGVM DPOTFRVFODFT POUIF SFBM FDPOPNZ JMMVTUSBUFT BMM UPP XFMMUIJT OBODJBM SJTL BT XFMM BT USBOTNJTTJPOphenomena.

3JTL BMTP FYJTUT CFZPOE UIF OBODJBM DSJTJT*O UIF JODSFBTJOHMZ HMPCBMJTFE FOWJSPONFOUPG FOUFSQSJTF EVSJOH UIFNBOBHFNFOU PG B

QSPKFDUUIFSFJTBOJOFWJUBCMFDPVOUSZTQFDJDSJTLBHFPQPMJUJDBMPOFBNPOHPUIFSTXIJDINBZBFDUPSFWFOVQTFUUIFCVTJOFTTNPEFM8JUI HMPCBMJTBUJPO QIFOPNFOB FYDIBOHFTof goods and %nancial services are implicitly accompanied by commercial risks in SFMBUJPO UP QSPEVDU RVBMJUZ SFTQFDU PG UIFQSPEVDUJPOQSPDFTTMPHJTUJDTBOEBEIFSFODFUPTUBOEBSEToBOEOBODJBMPOFToFYDIBOHFpayment. Although common market and JOUFHSBUJPO[POFTBMMPXVTUPSFEVDFDFSUBJOSJTLT UIFSFBSFPUIFST UIBUQFSTJTUFDPOPNJDintegration is not without risk for acceding countries.

*OWJFXPGUIFTFOVNFSPVTSJTLTPGXIJDIUIFMJTUJTCZOPNFBOTFYIBVTUJWFJUJTJNQPSUBOUUPVOEFSTUBOECZNFBOTPGB GFXUPPMT UIFmeasure of risk and sensitivity to uncertain FWFOUT QSPCBCJMJTUJD PS OPU5IFTF BSF B GFXavenues of discussion that will be developed in the %nancial and economic risk workshop.

5IBOL ZPV UP 4UQIBOF -BHSF 5SBOH BOEUIFJS DPMMFBHVFT XIP UISPVHI UIFJS EBJMZDPNNJUNFOU NBLF UIFTF +5% QPTTJCMF5IBOLZPVUP7"44&'&0"'%*3%BOE"6'for accepting to be all together with us in UIJT XPOEFSGVM QSPKFDU 5IBOL ZPV UP UIF6OJWFSTJUZPG-UGPSXFMDPNJOHVTIFSF

0OCFIBMGPG0MJWJFS-BCPVYUIF1SFTJEFOUPGUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG/BOUFT *PODFBHBJO UIBOLZPV GPS CFJOH IFSF * BN CPUI IBQQZ BOEIPOPVSFEUPCFBNPOHZPVBOEXJUIZPVJOUIJTDPNNPOQSPKFDU*XJTIHPPEIFBMUIBOEsuccess to all the participants.


Dear Vice-President of the Vit Nam Academy ofSocial Sciences,Dear French Ambassador,Ladies and Gentlemen, representatives of ourpartner institutions,Dear friends,

"MMPXNFEFBS7JDF1SFTJEFOU UP UIBOL ZPVGPS UIPTF XFMDPNJOH XPSET B UIBOL ZPVUIBU * TIPVME MJLF UP FYUFOE UP UIPTFXJUIJOthe French-speaking department of your academy who have welcomed us with open arms.

My presence at this opening ceremony is above all proof of the interest the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie has in any type of shared re$ection put to work to the CFOFUPGUIFDVSSFOUOFFETPGPVSTPDJFUJFTBOEDPOTFRVFOUMZUIFJSEFWFMPQNFOU

5IJT JO B OVUTIFMM JT UIF BJN PG UIF UIFNFQSPQPTFE JO PVS +5% BOE PG UIF JTTVFT UIBUEFSJWF GSPN UIFN -FUT UIJOL BCPVU IFBMUISJTLT FDPOPNJD SJTLT OBODJBM SJTLT CVU BMTPBCPVUUFDIOPMPHJDBMBOEFOWJSPONFOUBMPOFTto list but a few.

'BDFEXJUIUIFTFSJTLTBTJTUIFDBTFGPSNBOZPG UIF PUIFS DIBMMFOHFT PG PVS TPDJFUJFT JUXPVMECFJMMVTPSZUPCFMJFWFUIBUBSFTFBSDIFSPSFWFOBOJOTUJUVUJPODPVMETVDDFFEBMPOFJO%nding solutions.

This is because it means not only producing multi-disciplinary research whose results are meant to be relevant from a scienti%c and social point of view but also because it means creating the right methodological and pedagogical conditions in order to help BDRVJSFBOEUSBOTNJUUIJTTBNFLOPXMFEHF

1SPEVDFoUSBOTNJUoBDRVJSFResearchers teachers students

A whole university community is at the service of the challenges faced by our societies. A whole university community has been conceived to be the motor for the development of these societies.

5IJTFYQMBJOTXIZUIF+5%QMBZBTQFDJBMSPMFAs well as constituting the simple coming UPHFUIFS PG IVNBO SFTPVSDFT BOE UIVT PGDPNQFUFODFT BOE FYQFSUJTF BOE BT XFMMas being the simple pooling of %nancial SFTPVSDFTIPXFWFSJNQPSUBOUUIFTFSFTPVSDFTmight be for the continuation of these annual NFFUJOHT UIJT OFX FEJUJPO DPOTUJUVUFT JONZPQJOJPO UIFQFSGFDUPQQPSUVOJUZUPUBLFTUPDLPGQBTUFYQFSJFODFPGXIBUIBTBOETUJMMdoes contribute to the success of this social TDJFODFT TVNNFS TDIPPM BOE UIVT EFOFOFX QFSTQFDUJWFT XIJMF CFBSJOH JO NJOE BGBNPVT 7JFUOBNFTF TBZJOH i"MXBZT CVJMEupon what is unchanged in order to face up to changes of situation.

Opening Remarks by$MBVEF&NNBOVFM-FSPZ

Principal Project Manager, AUF


5IFSFHJPOBMPDFPGUIF"HFODZXIJDIUIJTZFBS DFMFCSBUFT UIF th anniversary of its QSFTFODF JO 7JU /BN JT DVSSFOUMZ EFOJOHJUT OFYU GPVSZFBS QSPHSBNNF XIJDI XJMMDPNFJOUPGPSDFJO+BOVBSZ0OFPGUIFNBKPSBYFTPGUIJTOFXQSPHSBNNFXJMMCFUPsupport the member establishments of the Agency in their endeavours to set up doctoral TDIPPMT 5IF +5% XJMM DFSUBJOMZ DPOTUJUVUFPOF PG UIF LFZ FMFNFOUT PG UIF QSPKFDU XFXJMMQVU JOQMBDF *U JTBQSPHSBNNFUIBUIBTbeen conceived to be essentially multi-EJTDJQMJOBSZ B QSPHSBNNF XIPTF WPDBUJPOJT UP CF SFHJPOBM 'JOBMMZ JU JT B QSPHSBNNFwhose development will be based upon partnerships.

"OE JU JT FYBDUMZ UIJT TQJSJU PG QBSUOFSTIJQthat is driving more than ever the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie.

5PDPODMVEF *TIPVME MJLFUPXJTIZPVFWFSZTVDDFTT JO ZPVS XPSL UIBU CFHJOT UPEBZsuccess in the diversity of the proposed NFUIPEPMPHJDBM BQQSPBDIFT TVDDFTT JO UIFEJWFSTJUZPGEJTDJQMJOBSZFMETNPCJMJTFEBOEOBMMZTVDDFTT JOUIFEJWFSTJUZPGBWFOVFTPGSFFDUJPOUPCFFYQMPSFE

Thank you.


.BQ-PDBMJTBUJPO

Limits of provinces!"#$%&'$()**$+,",)'-

Source : Tomorrow Media.


1BSUPlenary Sessions


4PDJBM$POTUSVDUJPOTPG%BOHFS"'FX6TFTPGUIF/PUJPOPG3JTLBOE.JTGPSUVOF

in the Social SciencesVanessa Manceron Centre for Ethnology

andComparativeSociology,CNRS

When faced with the brutal or recurrent NJTGPSUVOFT CZ XIJDI UIFZ BSF BFDUFEo JMMOFTT BDDJEFOUT WJDJTTJUVEFT DBUBTUSPphes communities and individuals begin UP RVFTUJPO UIF GVUVSF BOE UPNFBTVSF UIFthreat and impact of adversity. Concern about danger and catastrophe is neither recent nor limited to certain places; it is a TIBSFEFYQFSJFODFPGGSBHJMJUZBOENJTGPSUVOF

)PXFWFS UIF XPSE iEBOHFSw XIPTFetymology means to be at the mercy of an FWFOUwPSiCFEPNJOBUFECZTPNFPOFwTIPVMEOPUCFDPOGVTFEXJUI UIFXPSEiSJTLwXIJDIsigni%es more the notions of probability and foreseeability. Risk is the speci%c way of constructing and perceiving its threat and its advent that has progressively imposed itself on industrial societies from the beginning PG UIF JOEVTUSJBM FSB UIF thth centuries

1FSFUUJ8BUFM 5IJT OPUJPO UIVT IBT BIJTUPSZ UIBU UIF TPDJBM TDJFODFT IBWF TFJ[FEupon as it allows us to account for the emergence of a certain conception of danger that today constitutes a distinctive trait of DPOUFNQPSBSZ TPDJFUJFT DPNNPOMZ SFGFSSFEUPBTiSJTLTPDJFUJFTwGPMMPXJOHUIFXPSLPGUIFTPDJPMPHJTU6MSJDI#FDL

Our ever-increasingly re$ective societies do indeed testify to a generalised process PG iQMBDJOH BU SJTLw UIF XPSME BOE BSFFYQFSJFODJOH B QSPMJGFSBUJPO PG OFXMZJEFOUJFEUISFBUToUFDIOPMPHJDBMSJTLTIFBMUISJTLTFOWJSPONFOUBMSJTLTBOETPDJBMSJTLT

*U JT UIJT VODFSUBJO XPSME UIBU UIF TPDJBMsciences attempt to describe and DIBSBDUFSJTF $BMMPO BOE -BTDPVNFT *O PSEFS UP XSJUF BCPVU UIJT SFTFBSDIFSTTPDJPMPHJTUT PS BOUISPQPMPHJTUT TUVEZ SJTL BT


B DVMUVSF JODPSQPSBUFE CZ JOEJWJEVBMT UBLFan interest in the way social perception of SJTL JT DVMUVSBMMZ EFUFSNJOFE BOBMZTF UIFTPDJBM JOFRVBMJUJFT BOE JOKVTUJDFT UIBU SJTLNBOBHFNFOUSFWFBMTPSDSZTUBMMJTFTBOEBMTPdescribe the social responses and misfortune management systems once the crisis has BQQFBSFE PS UIF FWFOU IBT UBLFO QMBDF BTis the case in catastrophes. Social sciences contribute in a useful way to throwing light upon the contemporary issues linked to risk BOEDBUBTUSPQIFTBOEUIJTJTEPOFBDDPSEJOHUP TPDJBM DPOUFYUT BOE UIF UZQF PG EBOHFSDPODFSOFE*TIBMMVTFUIJTQMFOBSZTFTTJPOUPRVFTUJPOUIFQMBDFPDDVQJFECZUIFOPUJPOPGrisk and the way we deal with misfortune in social sciences and in the societies we study. We shall %rst lay down some foundations for the notion of risk in order to attempt to de%ne BOEDJSDVNTDSJCFJUUIFOCSJFZPCTFSWFIPXUIF TPDJBM TDJFODFT BOE NPSF QBSUJDVMBSMZDVMUVSBM BOUISPQPMPHZ IBWF EFBMU XJUI UIJTSFTFBSDI EPNBJO BOE OBMMZ UISPVHI UIFTUVEZPGBWJBOVHJWFBO in situFYBNQMFPGB QPTTJCMF DPPSEJOBUJPO CFUXFFO SFTFBSDIan unfortunate event and the social groups UIBU FYQFSJFODF BOE UBML BCPVU JU 5IJT DBTFstudy will focus on the perceptions of and EJFSFOUJBUFE SFTQPOTFT UP UIJT FWFOU JOFrance within rural and urban groups.

1.1.1. Identifying Threats

5IF OPUJPO PG SJTL IBT TFWFSBM EJFSFOUFMETPG TJHOJDBODF UIBUPG UIFVOGPSFTFFO(an undetermined future that presents particular problems concerning what we LOPX UIBU PG HBNCMJOH DIBODF EFTUJOZor randomness (fortunate or unfortunate DJSDVNTUBODFT UIBU BFDU BO JOEJWJEVBMT PSUIFDPNNVOJUZTEFTUJOZUIBUPGUIFIB[BSEUIBU JOUFSSVQUT UIF SFHVMBS PXPG FYJTUFODF

and the idea humans have of an established GVUVSFBCSFBLJOHQPJOUBTPNFUJNFTCSVUBMand irreversible change).

(FOFSBMMZSJTLNBZSFMBUFUPSBOEPNOFTTBOEmay be perceived as the missing link in a given DIBJOPGDBVTBMJUZUIBUDSFBUFTPGUFOJOFYDFTTdisorder and unforeseeability. A random event may be imputed to chance (indetermination) PS UPDBVTBMJUJFTPG BEJFSFOUOBUVSF EJWJOFJOUFSWFOUJPOQIZTJDBMBTUSPMPHJDBMCJPMPHJDBMQIFOPNFOB FUD "MUIPVHI FYQFSJFODF PGadversity and uncertainty is common to all TPDJFUJFT UIF DPODFQUVBM GSBNFXPSLT UIBUBMMPX VT UP EFTDSJCF UIFTF QIFOPNFOBmake them intelligible and provide answers UPUIFNBSFUIVTFYUSFNFMZWBSJFEGSPNPOFsociety to another.

%JWJOBUJPO GPS FYBNQMF JT B XBZ PGunderstanding the unknown that is QBSUJDVMBSMZ XJEFTQSFBE JO UIF XPSME *U JT Btheory of knowledge that aims to understand UIFTFDSFUQBSUPGUIFXPSMEFWFSZUIJOHUIBUFTDBQFT IVNBO LOPXMFEHF BMM FWFOUT UIBUCZ BDDJEFOU BSF NZTUFSJPVT PS JOBDDFTTJCMFUP IVNBO VOEFSTUBOEJOH #PUUSP *Uproduces beliefs that establish a link between UIF SBOEPN BOE UIF JOWJTJCMF UIBU XFBWFconnections between the physicality of the world (the one we recognise through our senses) and interiority (that which is JNNBUFSJBM BOE JOWJTJCMF TVDI BT TQJSJU WJUBMGPSDF UIF TPVM EJWJOJUZ FUD %JWJOBUJPOSFQSFTFOUT B SBUJPOBMF JO XIJDI UIF XPSMEDBOOPUCFFYQMBJOFECZJUTFMGPSCZJUTPSJHJOTPS CZ UIF XBZ JU XPSLT BOE XIJDI UIVTFYDMVEFT SBOEPNOFTT GSPN UIF FYQMJDBUPSZweft of events.

4DJFOUJD FQJTUFNPMPHZ PCFZT B EJFSFOUrationality. The world is only known when JU JT FNQUJFE PG BMM USBDFT PG JOUFOUJPOBMJUZ


whether divine or human. That which SFNBJOT VOLOPXO PS VOGPSFTFFBCMFNZTUFSJPVT PS JOWJTJCMF JT UIF PCKFDUJFEand measurable part of the world that UIF DPOTDJPVT TVCKFDU DBOOPU TVDDFFE JOunderstanding or accurately predicting. Randomness is integrated into the proliferation of determinisms that science DPOTUSVDUT UP FYQMBJO UIFTF QIFOPNFOBbut is also something that it aspires to eliminate. The randomised graphs that NPEFM GPS FYBNQMF UIF QPTTJCMF TDFOBSJPTfor the propagation of a virus are an FYFNQMBSZHVSFPGUIJTNPEFM

3BOEPNOFTTFYDMVEFT GBVMUPS JOUFOUJPOBMJUZ"DDPSEJOH UP1FSFUUJ8BUUFM

UIF UFSNiSJTLwUIBUBQQFBSFEJO*UBMZJOUIFthcentury to designate maritime reefs and other QFSJMT BVHVSFE BO VOQSFDFEFOUFE IJTUPSJDBMand conceptual turning point with the implementation of an insurance system that supposes that the causes of an accident and UIF XBZ UIF XPSME XPSLT BSF FYFNQU GSPNdivine design.

Risk thus represents a foreseeable danger XF LOPX UIBU JU NJHIU IBQQFO

BHBJOTUwhich we can arm ourselves as a curative or QSFWFOUJWFNFBTVSFBOEXIJDI JTLOPXOUPCF DPOUJOHFOU 'SPN UIJT QPJOU PG WJFX SJTLSFQMBDFT GPSUVOF *U JT UIF DMBTTJD QSPEVDU PGQSPCBCJMJTUJD TUBUJTUJDBM RVBOUJFE TDJFOUJDepistemology.

1.1.2. Risk Society: A Proliferation of Threats and a Socio-Political Dynamic

8FIBE UPXBJU GPS UIF th century for the notion of risk to develop to the point of characterising contemporary societies in UIFXBLFPGUIFTPDJPMPHJTUT6MSJDI#FDLBOE"OUIPOZ (JEEFOT "DDPSEJOH UP (JEEFOTthe most unusual character of modernity consists in allowing the whole of humanity UP SVO UIF HSFBUFTU PG SJTLT GSPN UIF TPOXBSET UIFSF XBT B NBTTJWF HMPCBM BOEmultifaceted increase in manufactured risks that were the product or result of human BDUJWJUJFT BOE BFDUFE DJWJM QPQVMBUJPOT POa huge scale. The contemporary period is thus characterised by an increased in$uence PG SJTL PO QFPQMFT MJWFT BU UIF TBNF UJNFthat con%dence in modern progress is eroding and that there is a proliferation of new heterogeneous ideas that contradict a science that no longer occupies the %rst place JUPODFEJE-ZPUBSE

All sociological works highlight the tensions intrinsic to Risk Society PO UIF POF IBOE BQSPMJGFSBUJPOPGUISFBUTBOEPOUIFPUIFSTPcalled controlled risks that are under high TVSWFJMMBODFPO UIFPOFIBOEBQFSNBOFOURVFTU GPS TBGFUZ BOE PO UIF PUIFS HSPXJOHworry linked to doubts about the value of FYQFSUJTF BOE UIF GFFMJOH UIBU UIF UFDIOJDBMXPSMEJTJODSFBTJOHMZPQBRVFBOEEJTBTUSPVT

/VDMFBSBDDJEFOUTPG5ISFF.JMFT*TMBOE

PG$IFSOPCZMBOEPG'VLVTIJNBUIFUFDIOPMPHJDBMSJTLJTBMTPDIFNJDBM4FWFTPJO

FOWJSPONFOUBM5PSSFZ$BOZPOJOBOE"NPDP$BEJ[JO

IFBMUISFMBUFE&4#JOBOEBWJBOVJO

FUD


"OE ZFU GPS #FDL UIF QSPCMFNT DBVTFE CZtechno-economic development are not new BOEXFSFBMSFBEZJTTVFTJOUIF.JEEMF"HFTUPwhich the problems of public health imputed UPVSCBOQPMMVUJPOUFTUJGZ"DDPSEJOHUP#FDLwhat characterises Risk Society is rather the social architecture and political dynamic of UISFBUT 4PNF SFNBSLBCMF RVBMJUJFTresult from this sociological and political DIBSBDUFSJTBUJPOPGDPOUFNQPSBSZUISFBUT

- The damage that is sometimes invisible and irreversible may be minimised or dramatised according to the social de%nition given to it;

3JTLT SFRVJSF DBVTBM JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT UIBUBSF FYDMVTJWFMZ TJUVBUFE JO UIF EPNBJO PGTDJFOUJD LOPXMFEHF *OEFFE TDJFOUJDprogress allows a growing awareness of the danger at the same time as an increased criticism of scienti%c knowledge itself;

- The breaking down of threats into groups results in a partial overlap with UIF JOFRVBMJUJFT PG UIF TJUVBUJPO CFUXFFOTPDJBMTUSBUBPSCFUXFFODPVOUSJFT

CVUBMTPDPODFBMTBCPPNFSBOHFFDUCZZJOHCBDLin the face of those who cause or pro%t from JUJOEVTUSZGPSFYBNQMF3JTLUIVTQSPEVDFTOFX JOFRVBMJUJFT CFUXFFO /PSUIFSO BOESouthern countries; but because of the TVQSBOBUJPOBM DIBSBDUFS PG UIFTF UISFBUTthese risks may undermine the foundations of any nation-state;

5IF RVFTU GPS TBGFUZ IBT SFQMBDFE UIFVUPQJB PG FRVBMJUZ " GPSN PG TPMJEBSJUZ PGGFBS JT UIVT DSFBUFE XIJDI NBZ CFDPNFa political force and legitimise a security-TUBUF "U UIF TBNF UJNF SJTL DSFBUFT OFXEJFSFOUJBUJPOT BOE PQQPTJUJPOT XJUIJOTPDJFUZ CFUXFFO UIPTF XIP BSF FYQPTFEUPJUBOEUIPTFXIPQSPUGSPNJUCFUXFFOthose who decide the de%nitions of risk

BOE UIPTF XIP BSF TVCKFDUFE UP UIFNRisk Society JT UIVT B TPDJFUZ PG TDJFODFmedia and information within which it is OPUTPNVDIBRVFTUJPOPGBSNJOHPOFTFMGagainst the penury managed within the GSBNFXPSL PG UIF OBUJPOTUBUFT BT JU JT PGarming oneself against the danger within globalised systems of alliance.

1.1.3. Cultural Theories of Risk and Social Perceptions of Danger

Social sciences are generally called upon to HJWF UIFJS PQJOJPO GPMMPXJOHQVCMJD EFCBUFTthat is to say to deliver analyses concerning the population or the public in order to understand their perception, the reasons for their concern, their belief in rumours, their propensity to panic, etc.w(JMCFSU5IFTFFYQFDUBUJPOT BSF CBTFE VQPO UIF MBSHFMZTIBSFEDPOWJDUJPOUIBUUIFSFFYJTUTPOUIFPOFIBOEBOPCKFDUJWFSJTLBSFBMNFBTVSBCMFBOEUBOHJCMFPOFBOEPOUIFPUIFSBTVCKFDUJWFrisk (the perceptions and ideas that are forged from what is real). On the strength PG UIJT EJTUJODUJPO QFSDFQUJPOT XJMM CF BOJNQFEJNFOU UP FPSUT UP VOEFSTUBOE BOEPCKFDUJWJTF UIF SJTLT SVO UIFZXJMMCFQBSUPGthe domain of belief as opposed to that of knowledge.

0OFPGUIFDIBMMFOHFTGPSTPDJBMTDJFODFTBOENPSFQBSUJDVMBSMZBOUISPQPMPHZIBTCFFOUPtake peoples perceptions of risk out of the ethno-centred register of superstition and irrationality in which they are often mired. The anthropologists whose work consists in demonstrating the coherence principles of epistemologies in non-modern societies have shown that fear of danger is governed by speci%c socio-cultural rationalities and logic.


The work of Mary Douglas and Aaron 8JMEBWTLJ Risk and Culture JMMVTUSBUFT XFMMthis paradigm of the cultural determination of risk perception. The authors have distinguished four ideal-types based upon the more or less class-ranked and partitioned DIBSBDUFSPGTPDJBMHSPVQTPGXIJDI*DBOIFSFCSJFZSFNJOEZPVPGBGFXDIBSBDUFSJTUJDT

- The hierarchical structureXIPTFBSDIFUZQFJT CVSFBVDSBDZ JT DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ B IJHIMFWFM PG EJFSFOUJBUJPO PG SPMFT BOE TUBUVTand by its adherence to certain values such as order and stability. We observe here a UFOEFODZUPSFTQFDUPDJBMLOPXMFEHFUIBUis held to be legitimate and an aversion to the risks to which we respond by regulation DPNQVMTPSZ "*%4 UFTUJOH WBDDJOBUJPOGPS V QBOEFNJDT FUD 1MBZFST IBWF Btendency to consider nature as being SPCVTU VQ UP DFSUBJO UISFTIPMET CFZPOEwhich the damage might result in a long-UFSN EJTFRVJMJCSJVN 5IJT PQJOJPO KVTUJFTa system of control to monitor industrial development without forbidding it;

- The individualistic trendXIPTFBSDIFUZQFJTthe capitalist market of private enterprises. )FSFVODFSUBJOTJUVBUJPOTBSFOPUOFDFTTBSJMZBWPJEFE BT SJTL NBZ BMTP DPOTUJUVUF BOopportunity to prove ones skills. We PCTFSWF IFSF B QSFGFSFODF GPS QSFWFOUJPOthe notion of individual responsibility and a mistrust of rules that are always deemed to CFDVNCFSTPNF*UTNFNCFSTIBWFRVJUFBUSVTUPGPDJBMLOPXMFEHFBOEFYQFSUTCVUare also fond of the latest technology and JOOPWBUJPO/BUVSF JTQFSDFJWFEBTCFJOHBSPCVTU BOE SFTJMJFOU TZTUFN XIJDI JO UIFDBTFPGEJTFRVJMJCSJVNSFUVSOTUPJUTPSJHJOBMTUBUFCZPTFUUJOHFFDUT

- The egalitarian trend concerns social HSPVQTUIBUBSFSBUIFSDPNQBSUNFOUBMJTFE

TVDI BT NJMJUBOU HSPVQT USBEF VOJPOTOFJHICPVSIPPE HSPVQT FUD 5IFJSrepresentatives hold dear to egalitarian values and the feeling of belonging to the community. We can observe here a tendency for groups like these to mobilise their own sources of knowledge or test public decisions concerning risk. These QMBZFST XIP BSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ TFOTJUJWF UPUFDIOPMPHJDBM BOE FDPMPHJDBM SJTLT TIBSFthe idea that nature is fragile and that its FRVJMJCSJVN DBO CF QMBDFE JO QFSJM JO Bdramatic and irreversible way;

'JOBMMZ UIF marginal trend DPODFSOTUIPTF XIP BSF FYDMVEFE PS JO B QPTJUJPOof social vulnerability or subordination in relation to the rest of society. This group is characterised by an absence of clear ideas concerning risks often coupled with little access to information. The latter are often risk takers and have a fatalistic approach to NJTGPSUVOFXJUI UIF JEFB UIBUOBUVSF MJLFdestiny) is whimsical and that mastering it is an illusion.

*O UIJT UZQF PG DVMUVSBM UZQPMPHZ FMBCPSBUFECZ . %PVHMBT BOE "8JMEBWTLJ UIF UISFBUBOE FWJMT BFDUJOH JOEJWJEVBMT BSF B NBUUFSGPSHSPVQTPGTQFDJBMJTUTBOEFYQFSUTCVUUIFZBSF OFWFS KVTU UIBU JOUFSQSFUBUJPO JT BMXBZTshared or debated within social communities and often throws light upon the more or less con$icting relationship that individuals have XJUI UIF SFTU PG TPDJFUZ "VHF BOE)FS[JMDI

1.1.4. For an Anthropology ofMisfortune

Societies confronted with adversity FYQFSJFODF B EVFM UFNQPSBMJUZ UIBU PGCFGPSF UIF SJTL UIF EBOHFS UIF QFSJM UIFUISFBU PS UIF BOUJDJQBUFE GVUVSF BOE UIBU


PGBGUFS UIFFWFOU UIBUIBT UBLFOQMBDF UIFDBUBTUSPQIF UIF NJTGPSUVOF UIF BJDUJPOPS UIF FOEVSFE QBTU )PXFWFS BMUIPVHIsociology contributes greatly in the %eld PG SJTL BOUISPQPMPHZ FYDFMT JO UIF EPNBJOof misfortune and events that sometimes BFDU JOEJWJEVBMT BOE IVNBO TPDJFUJFT PWFSMPOHQFSJPETBTJOUIFDBTFPGJMMOFTTOBUVSBMcatastrophes or human dramas. When BOUISPQPMPHJTUTEFDJEFUPTUVEZUIFTFFWFOUTUIFZHJWFBDDPVOUPGUIFWJDUJNTFYQFSJFODFPG UIF UVSNPJM PG UIFJS PSEJOBSZ MJWFT PG UIFSFDPOTUSVDUJPOPGUIFJSFWFSZEBZMJWFTPGUIFJSNFNPSZ PG UIF ESBNB TPDJBM QSBDUJDFT JOBJDUJPO OFX JOUFSBDUJPOT UIBU BSF DSFBUFECFUXFFO MPDBM QPQVMBUJPOT BOE UIF FYQFSUTand the dynamics created by the political and media management of the event.

*O UIFJS TFNJOBM BSUJDMF +VMJFO -BOHVNJFSBOE4BOESJOF3FWFUHJWFBWFSZVTFGVMreview of the current state of academic work particularly focusing on anthropological approaches that have been used to BEESFTT UIF RVFTUJPO "GUFS PVUMJOJOH UIFDPOUSJCVUJPO PG PUIFS BDBEFNJD EJTDJQMJOFTsuch as pragmatic sociology through alert TZTUFNT $IBUFBVSBZOBVE BOE 5PSOZ

geography that has carried out research into the vulnerability of social groups )FXJUI

BOE QPMJUJDBM TDJFODF UIBUhas addressed crisis management and the QMBZFST JOWPMWFE (JMCFSU

UIF BVUIPSTremind us that anthropology proposes above all to see the catastrophe as a lived through social experience in order to ask the questions: Whathas been the local e%ect of the event? Howhave those a%ected dealt with the catastrophe?.

"DDPSEJOH UP UIFTF BVUIPST UIF JOUFSFTUBOUISPQPMPHZ IBT JO UIF TVCKFDU JT OPUSFDFOU CVU JU JT EJDVMU UP EJTUJOHVJTI UIFEJFSFOU TDIPPMT BT XFMM BT UIF UIFNBUJDareas of research. They begin by speaking about research that uses the concept of adaption and which is interested in the way in which human societies adapt to EJDVMU FOWJSPONFOUT UIF SFTJMJFODF BOEstability guaranteed by knowledge and by the social rules that have been produced) &WBOT1SJUDIBSE 'JSUI "OPUIFSbranch of this research area is interested in social and collective dynamics and logic of action following catastrophes (interactions XJUI IVNBO QMBZFST QPMJUJDBM JNQBDU PGmanagement and reconstruction) (Oliver-4NJUI 'BTTJO BOE7BTRVF[ 5IFway in which societies interpret the event and give it meaning according to the culture UPXIJDIUIFZCFMPOHJTBMTPBOBMZTFE*OZFUBOPUIFSEJFSFOUQFSTQFDUJWFDFSUBJOBVUIPSTSBJTFRVFTUJPOTBCPVUUIFEJFSFOUGBDUPSTPGa societys vulnerability in a given historical BOETPDJPFDPOPNJDDPOUFYU$PQBOT'JOBMMZ DFSUBJO SFTFBSDIFST JOWPMWFE DMBJNtheir work is useful for a better understanding PGUIFMPDBMDPOUFYUBOEUIFWJDUJNTQPJOUTPGview in catastrophe management.

*OBOZDBTF BOUISPQPMPHZXPSLTBTDMPTFBTQPTTJCMF UP QFPQMF UP UIFJS MPHJD PG BDUJPOBOE JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PG FWFOUT JO PSEFS UPVOEFSTUBOE UIFJS SBUJPOBMJUZ UIFJS JOUJNBUFPS DVMUVSBM NPUJWBUBUJPOT UIF DIBMMFOHFTin terms of social relations and human ties UP UFSSJUPSZ UP JEFOUJUZ BOE UP NFNPSZAnthropology remains as close as possible UP UIJT FYQFSJFODF5IJT JTXIBUXFBSFOPXgoing to see through the study of the avian VDSJTJTUIBUBSPTFJO'SBODFJOTQSJOHJOUIF-B%PNCFTSFHJPO


1.1.5. The Case of Avian Flu: Social Mobilisations and Plural Perceptions of the Event and itsManagement

*O UIF QBTU BOJNBM IFBMUI XBT NPTU PGUFOde%ned in the rather narrow sense of the control of animal rearing diseases on a secured local or national territory. The animal IFBMUIFWFOUTPGUIFMBTUGFXZFBST#4&GPPUBOENPVUIEJTFBTFTXJOF GFWFS4"34BWJBO$u) have served to resituate the event in B HMPCBMJTFE XPSME *U JT FWJEFOU UIBU JTTVFTTVSSPVOEJOHBOJNBMIFBMUIQVCMJDIFBMUIGPPEand environment are now interconnected. The way we regard animal diseases has thus changed. Zoonoses have become political.

5XP UZQFT PG OBSSBUJWF FYJTU TJEF CZ TJEFthat of the policy of states and international PSHBOJTBUJPOT XIJDI BSF PO UIF TJEF PGIFBMUI OPSNT BOE QSPQIZMBDUJD NFBTVSFTBOE UIBU PG QPMJUJDBM TVCKFDUT XIP QSPEVDFB EJFSFOU OBSSBUJWF %JTFBTF EPFT OPU POMZNFBO QPQVMBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU UBSHFUFEmeasures and risk calculation; it is also linked UP FYQFSJFODF QFSDFQUJPOT BOE UIF TZTUFNTof relationship in force in the societies DPODFSOFE )FODF UIF QPTTJCMF UFOTJPOTUIBU FYJTU CFUXFFO UIF PCKFDUJWJTFE SFBMJUZof epidemiologists or economists and the way it is translated into representations and actions.

*UJTJOUIFFMEPGFYQFSJFODFPGQFSDFQUJPOTBOEBDUJPOUIBU*BNHPJOHUPQMBDFNZTFMG*UJTBOJOUFSFTUJOHNPNFOUGPSBOFUIOPMPHJTUas once the virus has penetrated the human XPSME LOPXMFEHF QFSDFQUJPOT BOE BDUJPOlevels proliferate as fast as social groups rally together.

)VNBO TPDJFUJFT GBDFE XJUI EJTFBTF BSFalways the theatre of a double mental PQFSBUJPO PO UIFPOFIBOE JEFOUJGZJOH UIFTPVSDFBOEPSJHJOPGUIFEJTFBTFBOEPOUIFPUIFS LFFQJOH JU BUCBZ8JUI [PPOPTFT UIJTRVFTUJPOJTBTLFEJOBTQFDJDBOEBDVUFXBZsince it brings into play the possibilty of a macabre trans-species alliance.

*O'SBODFUIFSFBDUJPOTUPUIFBWJBOVDSJTJTXIJDI BSPTF JO JO UIF TQSJOH PG JO UIF%PNCFTSFHJPOXFSFOPUVOBOJNPVT8BZTPGmaking sense of the pathological called upon the speci%c relationships humans maintain XJUI FBDI PUIFS CVU BMTPXJUI BOJNBMT BOEmore generally the environment. Which animals and humans are to be protected BOE XIJDI BSF UP CF QSPUFDUFE BHBJOTU *OBMMDBTFTUIFWJSBMPSJHJOJTJEFOUJFEBTGBSBTpossible from oneself as a %gure of otherness. 5IJTJTUIFMJOF*BNHPJOHUPGPMMPXCZHJWJOHdetails of the respective logic and reactions of UIFUXPQPQVMBUJPOTUIBUPGUIFSVSBMGBSNFSTBOEUIBUPGDJUJ[FOTJOWPMWFEJOUIFQSPUFDUJPOof the environment and farm animals.

Ruralist Logic

Dombes is a wetland area to the north of UIFDJUZPG-ZPOJOUIFFBTUFSOQBSUPG'SBODFnot far from the Swiss border. The region is dotted with ponds used for pisciculture and for hunting waterfowl as it is an important wintering area for migratory birds. Poultry GBSNJOH JT USBEJUJPOBMMZ PQFO BJS CVU FWFSZcommune has one or two enclosed breeding QMBDFT 8IFO )/ XBT EFUFDUFE JO BOindustrial turkey farm and its presence was certi%ed in the wild fauna of the ponds TFWFSBM IVOESFE TXBOT BOE EVDLT

UIFregion was submitted to far-reaching health measures that paralysed it at an economic MFWFMGPSOFBSMZTJYNPOUIT


"MM TFDUPSTPG MPDBM MJGFXFSF BFDUFEXJUI BQFSDJQUJCMF GBMM JO UPVSJTU BDUJWJUJFT IVOUJOHBOE BHSJDVMUVSBM BOE QJTDJDVMUVSBM JODPNFTfollowing the implementation of road barriers UPTVSSPVOEUIFGPDBMQPJOUUIFCBOPOBDDFTTUPUIFSFHJPOTQPOETUIFDPOOFNFOUPG QPVMUSZ BOE HBNF GPXM CSFE PVUTJEFBOE UIF CBO PO TFMMJOH QPVMUSZ .BODFSPO

5IF GFBS PG B GVUVSF CBOLSVQUDZ JG UIFTJUVBUJPO DPOUJOVFE GVFMMFE MPDBM DSJUJDJTNof the health measures. The latter were KVEHFE UP CF DSFBUJOH NPSF NJTGPSUVOF

UIBOUIFEJTFBTFJUTFMGCVUXIBUJTNPSFUIFmeans to eradicate the virus recommended by the public authorities were discredited. The problem principally stemmed from UIF GBDU UIBU UIF IFBMUI NFBTVSFT XIJDIwere unable to work on an individual and DPSQPSBUF MFWFM XFSF BQQMJFE PO B XJEFSTQBUJBMTDBMFUIVTBFDUJOHBMBSHFQPQVMBUJPO

This method of all-encompassing manage-NFOUIBE UIFFFDUPGFSBTJOHBMMOPUJPOPGUIFQFSTPOXIP JTQSJNBSJMZNPCJMJTFE GSPNthe very %rst moment we are confronted by UIF WJSVT *U JT BMTP DIBSBDUFSJTFE CZ JUT XBZ

The French Region of Dombes A#ected by Avian Flu (H5N1) in 2006: Health Zoning and the Fight Against Contamination

Source: Newspaper Le Parisien, 18 February, 2006.

2Map


of dealing with humans and animals on UIF TBNF MFWFM BT UIF QPUFOUJBM SFDFQUBDMFTand transmitters of the virus. The frontiers between species transgressed by the virus and fears for individual health have been somewhat blurred by the biological rationality of the measures.

The second problematic point concerns UIF BNCJWBMFODF PG UIF IFBMUI [POJOH UIBUmay both designate a space in danger (to be protected) and a dangerous space UP CF DPOUBJOFE #Z EFOJUJPO B GSPOUJFSTFQBSBUFTCVUBMTPDIBSBDUFSJTFTUIFTQBDFJUDJSDPOTDSJCFT*UJOGBDUTFUTVQBUPQPTCBTFEupon the opposition between the diseased (within the circle) and the healthy (outside). *OUIFNJOETPGUIPTFXJUIJOUIJTIBTDSFBUFEGPSNT PG FYPHFOPVT TUJHNBUJTBUJPO 5IFJEFOUJDBUJPOPGIVNJE[POFTBTCFJOHBSFBTof risk or indeed the choice of speaking about BDPOUBNJOBUFETQFDJFTSBUIFSUIBOBTQFDJFTJOEBOHFSDPOUSJCVUFEUPUIFDPOTUVDUJPOPGan impaired status and fuelled the feeling of CFJOHIFMEBUCBZJOPSEFSUPQSPUFDUFYUFSJPSpopulations and species still pure of any DPOUBNJOBUJPO.BODFSPO

The third problematic point is linked to the EJFSFOUJBUFEUSFBUNFOUPGGBSNBOJNBMTBOEso-called wild ones. While chickens were DPOOFEBOEFWFO TMBVHIUFSFE FWFOXIFOIFBMUIZ OP NFBTVSF XBT UBLFO DPODFSOJOHcontaminated birds circulating above the roadblocks that were contaminating the territory with their poisoned droppings. 'SPN UIF QPJOU PG WJFX PG SVSBM JOIBCJUBOUTthe health measures favour an inversion of UIFIJFSBSDIZPGJOUFSFTUTJOGBWPVSPGBOFDPcentred world rather than a human-centred one.

5IJT JOUFSQSFUBUJPO JT FYQMJDJUMZ CBTFE VQPOassigning to wild birds the responsibility for being the vector of the virus. This type of charge can only be understood when DPOUFYUVBMJTFEJOUIFTPDJBMTZTUFNJOXIJDIit is formed at a given period. The avian $u that poultry producers in the Dombes region IBE FYQFSJFODFE JO UIF T IBE BU UIBUQFSJPE CFFO CMBNFE PO FYUSBMPDBM USBEFDJSDVJUTPGPOFEBZPMEDIJDLT5IJT UJNF UIJTwas not the case. The new interconnection established by the epidemiology between wild and farm birds opened a new range of possibilities that was given precedence BT B SFMFWBOU FYQMBOBUPSZ QSJODJQMF *G JU IBTCFFOBEPQUFEJUJTCFDBVTFJUVQEBUFTTPDJPenvironmental problems and mobilises the cognitive categories that have meaning in contemporary rural societies.

*O UIF %PNCFT SFHJPO UIF XJMEGBSNFEopposition is inscribed in the founding narratives of local society and forms one of the substrata of socio-genesis. The culture there is one of the proactive cultivation of the FOWJSPONFOU FTQFDJBMMZ UIF QPOET JO PSEFSUP QSFWFOU TUBHOBOU XBUFS TQPOUBOFPVTvegetation and the harmful fauna associated with disease and social disorder regaining UIF VQQFS IBOE 5IF QPMJUJDBM JOKVODUJPO UPQSPUFDUCJPEJWFSTJUZJOIVNJE[POFTXBTUIVTassimilated to a serious disruption of local ecology.

*OUIJTDPOUFYUBWJBOVXIJDIBSSJWFEBGFXmonths after the implementation of a binding FOWJSPONFOUBMQSPHSBNNFDPVMEOPUCFTFFOas contingent. The environment had become UPYJDBOEIBSNGVMBOEBMMPDIUIPOPVTBOJNBMTQFDJFT TVDI BT UIF TXBO IBE QSPMJGFSBUFEwithout anthropic monitoring.


*O PUIFS UFSNT UIF TXBO UIBU JT QSPUFDUFEby environmental laws is a vector of avian V XIJMF IVNBOT XIP DBSF GPS EPNFTUJDanimals and who are the guarantors of the DVMUJWBUJPO GFSUJMJUZ PG UIF FOWJSPONFOU BSFVOKVTUMZ FYQPTFE FWFO EJTRVBMJFE JO UIFJSenterprise to humanise and socialise the world.

)/ JT UIVT BO FOUJUZ UIBU UBLFT PO Bmeaning in a speci%c referential system. When faced with a transmission logic that QSPDFFET JO DPOUJOVVN JEFBT PQFSBUFthrough the classi%cation and the reordering PG TVCWFSUFE MPDBM DBUFHPSJFT #FUXFFOGFBUIFSFE BOJNBMT EJTUJODUJPOT PG PQFSBUJOHBSF JNQMFNFOUFE BOE BSF MJOLFE UP UIFtype of relationship that is established with them and to the distance at which they are

IFME5IF TXBO BQMFBTBOUCJSE JO BOVSCBOFOWJSPONFOUJTUPUIFGBNJMJBSDIJDLFOPGUIFcountryside or to the not less familiar but wild XBUFSGPXMXIBUFOWJSPONFOUBMQSPUFDUJPOJTto agriculture and the countryside.

The virus is an allochthon that is located both in the environment and in a part of the social body. The biological event is indeed BMXBZTFNJOFOUMZQPMJUJDBM#ZJEFOUJGZJOHUIFOBUVSFPGUIFFWJMXFBOOPVODFBOEEFGFOEUIF QJDUVSF XF GPSN PG JUT VOJRVFOFTT BOEJUT QMBDF JO UIF DJUZ B QMBDF UIBU JT UPEBZintrinsically linked to the relationship we have or do not have with the environment and XJUIOPOIVNBOTJODMVEJOHUIFWJSVT

Ruralist Interpretation: The Virus Stems from Wild andAllochthonous Fauna

Photo courtesy of Vanessa Manceron.

1Photo


Environmentalist Logic

#SFFEJOH BOJNBMT QMBDFT UIF SFMBUJPOTIJQin the register of protection and care. #FZPOE UIF OBODJBM MPTT JODVSSFE BOZTMBVHIUFS PG QPVMUSZ PS FQJ[PPUJD JTFYQFSJFODFE BT B GBJMVSF CZ GBSNFST JO WJFXof their competences and know-how. 8IFO UIF IFBMUI BVUIPSJUJFT JOUFSWFOFthey %nd themselves in addition deprived of their means of action. The health and epidemiological logic is in some way blind and deaf to farmers voices and the type of knowledge they have developed through contact with animals.

8F DBO BEE UP UIJT STU EJDVMUZ B IFBWZSFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UIFZNVTU CFBS HVBSBOUFFJOHto not harm their fellow countrymens health. Soci

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