Segregation & Discrimination

•President Truman desegregated the military

•1954, Brown v. Board of Education▫Segregated schools were unconstitutional

SeparationUnequal treatment

or barriers

Civil Rights•1956, Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged as

Civil Rights leader•Boycotts & peaceful marches

1963

Congress outlawed public segregation, protected voting rights, & required equal access to housing

& jobs

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Government’s Role

•FDR, Social Security

•JFK & Lyndon Johnson (democrats) increased government’s role▫Offered housing for the poor▫1965, Congress funded Medicare & Medicaid

Government’s Role

•Ronald Reagan (Republican)•Trickle-down

1981-1989

Reaganomics

•Reduce gov’t spending•Reduce fed. income tax•Reduce gov’t regulation•Tighten money supply

• Reduce inflation

Increased military

spending

Western Europe Rebuilds•W. Germany (with help from the Marshall

Plan) built modern industrial base▫Economic miracle

•Britain had slow recovery▫Abandoned colonial empire overseas

•France lost colonial wars & country was demoralized

•But US $ helped them modernize & standard of living improved

Welfare States•Many European political parties•Welfare states= country with a market

economy but increased government responsibility for social & economic needs of the people

•High taxes & increased government regulation

European Unity•European

Community: organization dedicated to establishing free trade among member nations for all products

▫Gradually ended tariffs

▫Allowed workers & capital to move freely across borders

Japan•US helped the Japanese create new

constitution▫Took away all political power from the

emperor▫Land reform▫Education reform

1952, US & Japan sign peace treaty

US leaves

Keeps military bases & in return protects Japan with

nuclear weapons

Remain close trading partners

- Eventually competitorsEconomic miracle

Exports

•What was one positive outcome from having to rebuild completely after WWII?

•With US protection, how much do you think countries like W. Germany & Japan spent on their military?

▫Where could they put that money instead?

China’s Communist Revolution

•Mao Zedong▫Lead communists in civil

war against Nationalists▫Had support of huge

peasant population

•Set up a communist one-party totalitarian state▫People’s Republic of

China

Great Leap Forward•1958-1960•Urged a superhuman effort to increase

farm & industrial output•Organized farmland into communes

▫Disaster

▫Produced low quality goods▫People lost incentive

▫Food shortage An estimated 55 million Chinese starved to

death

Commonly owned & operated

farm

China, Cold War’s “Wild Card”•With China, Communists now had control of

1/5 of the world’s population• …But, China &

Soviet Union didn’t trust each other US played the China

card

US could isolate the Soviets

1979, US set up diplomatic relations with

China

Korea•Independent until Japan conquered it in

1900s•After WWII, Soviets & US divided it

▫Soviets supports Kim Il Sung in the North (Communist)

▫US supported Syngman Rhee in the South (Dictator, but not communist)

Both leaders wanted complete rule

Korean War•June 1950, North Korea attacked

South Korea•UN invaded to help the South•November, China gets involved

to help the North

•Stalemate•1953, Both sides sign an

armistice

DMZ: Demilitarized

zone

•

Two Koreas

•South Korea had economic boom